Effects of different types of plantar stimulation on plantar tactility, proprioception and balance in patients with chronic ankle instability.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202606000-00081/figure1/v/2026-02-11T151048Z/r/image-tiff To perform various functions in the body, skeletal muscle is controlled and coordinated as a whole by nerves. However, there has been little research into whether the nerve control characteristics of different muscles are different, and the importance of these potential differences. In the present study, we used a three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organ-compatible multi-tracer technique to explore the spatial distribution patterns of sensory and sympathetic neurons that innervate limb muscles. We integrated transcriptome sequencing datasets from mouse limb muscles in public databases and performed correlation analysis with neuronal spatial distribution data to reveal the unique effects of different types of neurons on muscle functional pathways. In terms of spatial distribution patterns, sympathetic neurons exhibited a more concentrated distribution than sensory and motor neurons. In addition, the neuronal innervation of limb muscles exhibited four different characteristics: sympathetic neuron-rich muscle, sensory neuron-rich muscle, neuron-sparse muscle, and motor neuron-rich muscle. Sensory neuron density was mainly associated with muscle contractile structure and cell pH, whereas sympathetic neuron density was associated with protein kinase activity, muscle vasculature, muscle calcium-dependent protein kinase activity, lipid transport, and vesicle release. Motor neuron density was mainly associated with protein kinase activity, cell adhesion, oxidoreductase activity, and exocytosis. These findings may contribute to a deeper understanding of how nerves cooperate to endow muscles with diverse physiological functions, thereby providing new insights and experimental evidence for the treatment of various neuromuscular diseases.

The role of assistive products in the relationship between activities of daily living and social participation among rural older adults in China: A cross-sectional study.

Childhood adversity increases risk for depression and higher allostatic load (AL), defined as long-term wear and tear on the body, and adolescence is an especially sensitive time for adversity to be biologically embedded. Individuals of Mexican origin may face multiple forms of adversities relating to their intersectional identities of ethnicity and class, including ethnic discrimination and economic hardship, the experience of which may further depend on sex. However, relatively little research has simultaneously assessed associations between these two types of adolescent adversity and outcomes of both young adult depression and AL longitudinally in Mexican-origin individuals. This preregistered study addressed these gaps in a longitudinal study of 208 Mexican-origin participants. Ethnic discrimination and economic hardship were assessed annually from ages 10-19 and AL and depression symptoms were assessed at age 26. Sex differences were also tested. Perceived discrimination in adolescence significantly predicted higher levels of depression at age 26 (β =.09, p = .045, R2 =.03, ΔR2 = 0.005, 95% CI [.002,.181]). In addition, age 26 depression levels moderated the association between adolescent economic hardship and age 26 AL (β = -.17, p = .03, R2 =.12, ΔR2 =.028, 95% CI [-.33, -.02]). Participants exhibited higher AL with high levels of economic hardship but low levels of depression, as well as with low levels of economic hardship and high depression, suggesting that both psychological resilience to economic hardship and the association between mental health and AL may depend on context. Findings indicate intersectional effects of different types of adversity during adolescence on mental and physical health in young adulthood within Latino individuals.

Although dietary pulses are recognized by major clinical practice guidelines to reduce cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk, intake is low. There are no health claims for any pulse for cholesterol reduction, which could support uptake. We therefore conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized trials of the effect of different types of whole dietary pulses on lipid targets. MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched through March 2025 for trials ≥3 weeks. The primary outcome was low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Secondary outcomes were other lipid targets. Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Thirty-eight trials (52 trial comparisons, n=2095) with a median of 6 weeks and dose of 130 g/d (0.5-0.67 cup/d) showed that whole dietary pulses decreased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mean difference, -0.14 mmol/L [95% CI, -0.19 to -0.08]), non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (-0.22 mmol/L [95% CI, -0.30 to -0.14]), apoB (apolipoprotein B) (-0.08 g/L [95% CI, -0.13 to -0.03]) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (-0.03 mmol/L [95% CI, -0.05 to -0.01]) with no effects on other lipids. Analyses by pulse type showed similar results. A linear inverse relationship was shown for beans up to 1 cup/d for low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (coefficient, -0.25 mmol/L/0.5 cup [95% CI, -0.48 to -0.02]) and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (-0.45 mmol/L/0.5 cup [95% CI, -0.71 to -0.18]). Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation was moderate-to-high for all outcomes, except apoB (very low). Whole dietary pulses likely result in small important-to-moderate reductions in lipid targets and trivial reductions in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Similar effects were observed across pulse types with an inverse dose-response gradient for beans up to 1 cup/d. Future studies on chickpeas, dried peas, and lentils are warranted. URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42023432826; Unique identifier: CRD42023432826.

Pneumonectomy is a surgical procedure that has been performed since 1933. It is associated with an estimated 90-day mortality rate of 7%. For this reason, pneumonectomy has been increasingly replaced by less extensive lung resections. Lobectomy has been used widely since the mid-twentieth century and is associated with significantly lower perioperative mortality and morbidity. However, any major lung resection has implications for pulmonary hemodynamics. Studies show that lobectomy carries a significant burden of cardiorespiratory morbidity, with notable exertional intolerance and exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension. Segmentectomy is another parenchyma-sparing form of lung resection that has gained increasing attention in recent years. For carefully selected non-small cell lung cancers of limited size, studies suggest that segmentectomy results in better survival rates compared to lobectomy. Because segmentectomy removes less lung parenchyma and associated vasculature than lobectomy, the impact on the pulmonary vascular system will be limited. In this review, we aim to summarize the current literature regarding the effects of different types of lung resections on pulmonary vasculature and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

Background Glucocorticoids are commonly used for treating interstitial lung disease (ILD); however, their causation with ILD is unclear. Objective To explore the correlation of glucocorticoids and 30-day ILD mortality and to analyze their causation using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods ILD patients’ data were extracted from the MIMIC-IV. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models assessed the relationship between glucocorticoid use and 30-day ILD mortality, including stratified analyses. The effects of different types of glucocorticoids were examined. MR analysis was conducted using Genome-Wide Association Studies data involving individuals of European ancestry to evaluate potential causal relationships between glucocorticoids, lung function parameters (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC), and ILD. Results In MIMIC-IV study, ILD patients treated with glucocorticoids exhibited significantly lower survival rates within 14-30 days compared to those without treatment (log-rank P < 0.001). In ILD patients with COPD, long-acting glucocorticoids (HR = 2.400, P = 0.031) was significantly associated with an increased 30-day mortality rate. MR analyses showed a negative causative relationship between glucocorticoids and pulmonary function parameters (FVC (OR = 0.957, P < 0.001), FEV1 (OR = 0.920, P < 0.001) and FEV1/FVC (OR = 0.920, P < 0.001)), indicating that glucocorticoid use may cause a decrease in lung function parameters. A positive causal relationship with ILD (OR = 1.453, P = 0.014) suggested that glucocorticoid use may accelerate ILD progression and affect patients’ prognosis. Conclusion Glucocorticoid use is significantly associated with increased 30-day ILD mortality, especially for men and those with comorbid COPD. Glucocorticoids may increase the risk of ILD progression through a causal mechanism, affecting patient prognosis. Future studies should explore glucocorticoids in different ILD subtypes to develop individualized strategies.

Depression can be treated with traditional antidepressants targeting monoaminergic function, as well as other drug classes and non-pharmaceutical interventions.Understanding the congruent effects of different types of antidepressant treatments on sensitive brain regions, such as the hippocampus and cortex, can highlight essential mechanisms of action.A meta-analysis of public transcriptional profiling datasets identified genes and functional gene sets that are differentially expressed across antidepressant categories. Major depressive disorder is characterized by persistent depressed mood and loss of interest and pleasure in life. Worldwide, an estimated 5% of adults suffer from depression, making it a leading cause of disability. The current standard of care for depressed individuals includes psychotherapy and antidepressant medications that enhance signaling by monoamine neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine. Other treatments include non-traditional antidepressants that function via alternative, often unknown, mechanisms. To identify mechanisms of action shared across different categories of antidepressants, we performed a meta-analysis using public datasets to characterize changes in gene expression (mRNA) following treatment with both traditional and non-traditional antidepressants. We focused on the hippocampus and cortex, which are two brain regions that are sensitive to both depression and antidepressant usage. We found 59 genes that had consistently higher or lower levels of expression (mRNA) across antidepressant categories. The functions associated with these genes were diverse, including regulation of stress response, the immune system, brain growth and adaptability. These genes are worth investigating further as potential linchpins for antidepressant efficacy or as targets for novel therapies.

Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is a commonly used polymer modifier that can improve the mechanical properties and durability of cement mortar. However, the effects of different emulsifier types on cement hydration behavior and structural evolution still need to be systematically studied. To clarify the differences among anionic, cationic, and nonionic SBR emulsions on mortar performance, three types of SBR emulsion were selected in this study. Setting time, chemically bound water, mechanical properties, chloride ion diffusion, freeze–thaw cycles, and microstructure were tested to evaluate the effects of different types and dosages on cement mortar. The results show that all three types of SBR emulsion prolong the setting time of cement paste and reduce the early hydration degree. The cationic SBR emulsion shows a more obvious effect. At 28 d, the compressive strength of mortar with 10% cationic SBR emulsion increases from 38.5 MPa to 41.2 MPa, and the flexural strength also increases. In terms of impermeability, the chloride ion diffusion coefficient decreases from 7.47 × 10−12 m2/s to 5.12 × 10−12 m2/s after adding 10% cationic SBR emulsion. After 100 freeze–thaw cycles, the compressive strength loss of ordinary mortar is 16%, while it decreases to 7.2% with 15% cationic SBR emulsion, and the mass loss is also reduced. Microstructural analysis shows that the modified mortar has a denser internal structure, improved interfacial continuity, and reduced crack development after freeze–thaw cycles.

Effect of different types of exercise interventions on cardiometabolic risk factors: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

With the acceleration of global urbanization and lifestyle changes, overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have become major public health challenges, and these two conditions often coexist. Exercise is recognized as a key non-pharmacological intervention in the comprehensive management of the two diseases. However, whether different exercise interventions have their respective advantages in improving blood glucose, blood lipids, body composition and cardiopulmonary function remains to be fully elucidated. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to identify randomized controlled trials involving overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. After screening the literature, extracting data, and assessing the risk of bias of the included studies, a network meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the CINeMA framework. A total of 16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included: aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), combined training (CT), and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Nine studies reported glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), twelve studies assessed body mass index (BMI), and six studies measured the percentage body fat (PBF). The network meta‑analysis results showed that aerobic exercise (AE) (MD, - 0.91; 95% CI, - 1.32 to - 0.50), resistance training (RT) (MD, - 0.97; 95% CI, - 1.51 to - 0.43), combined training (CT) (MD, - 0.76; 95% CI, - 1.19 to - 0.33), and high‑intensity interval exercise (HIIE) (MD, - 1.24; 95% CI, - 1.72 to - 0.76) all demonstrated significantly lower HbA1c levels compared with the control group (CON). According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA), high-intensity interval exercise ranked relatively high in reducing HbA1c in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (SUCRA = 90.2%). AE reduced BMI (MD, - 0.61; 95% CI, - 0.94 to - 0.28) and PBF (MD, - 0.66; 95% CI, - 1.29 to - 0.02) compared with CON, while no statistically significant differences were observed in the other comparisons. AE ranked relatively better for reducing both BMI (SUCRA = 92.0%) and PBF (SUCRA = 81.5%) in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. According to SUCRA values, different exercise interventions had their respective advantages across different outcome indicators. Different exercise modalities demonstrate distinct advantages in improving metabolic parameters. HIIE shows positive effects in improving HbA1c, FBG, lipid profiles (TC, TG, and HDL), and in reducing WC and systolic blood pressure (SBP). AE can improve body composition indicators (BMI, PBF, and BW) and enhance VO₂max. RT improves HbA1c, FBG, TC, and TG. CT improves HbA1c and FBG. In clinical practice, individualized exercise prescriptions should be formulated based on patients' specific metabolic needs.

Effects of different types of exercise interventions on perinatal depression, anxiety, and quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study proposes a surrogate modeling method by combining a simplified dynamic model with polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) to evaluate the stochastic dynamic responses of telescopic crane multibody systems under multiple uncertain parameters. A simplified five-degree-of-freedom equation of motion is derived using Lagrange's equations and multibody dynamics techniques. This model effectively captures the coupled effects of boom vibrations and payload sway by incorporating equivalent spring-mass-damper systems and spatial suspension configurations, and its accuracy is validated against experimental data from a large-scale telescopic crane. To address uncertainties in parameters such as boom mass, stiffness, rope length, and payload mass, a surrogate modeling approach for uncertain dynamic analysis is developed. This approach integrates the PCE method with the validated deterministic dynamic framework, achieving a balance between computational efficiency and uncertainty quantification accuracy. Latin hypercube sampling is employed to systematically sample the uncertain parameters, while regression analysis is used to determine the polynomial coefficients that characterize the system's uncertainty. A comparative analysis with the Monte Carlo method is performed to evaluate the system's stochastic response characteristics. Furthermore, the effects of different types and magnitudes of uncertainty on the dynamic response are thoroughly investigated.

Background: Stretching exercises are strongly recommended as part of exercise training programs; however, their effects on blood pressure (BP) and other related cardiovascular parameters in adult individuals with elevated BP (pre-hypertension) or hypertension remain unclear. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and databases accessed via the EBSCO platform up to 30 September 2025, following the PRISMA guidelines. An additional search of Scopus was performed on 8 April 2026. Studies eligible for inclusion were randomized controlled trials, randomized crossover trials, non-randomized clinical trials and single-arm trials investigating stretching interventions in adults with pre-hypertension and or hypertension. Risk of bias assessment was performed using RoB 2 for randomized trials and ROBINS-I for the non-randomized trials. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed when at least two studies reported sufficiently comparable BP outcomes. The quantitative synthesis was considered exploratory. Results: Eleven records published between 2014 and 2025 met the eligibility criteria and were included. All protocols used static stretching, although only a small number were clearly described as active stretching. The results were heterogeneous across the design, duration of intervention and outcomes. Chronic interventions more often reported favorable changes in indices of arterial stiffness, whereas acute interventions demonstrated more variable immediate BP responses. In the exploratory meta-analysis, the pooled estimate suggested a reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in favor of stretching; however, this effect did not reach statistical significance (mean difference (MD) = -5.39 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI): -11.32 to 0.53; I2 = 0%). For diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the pooled estimate favored stretching and reached statistical significance (MD = -3.93 mmHg, 95% CI: -7.25 to -0.60; I2 = 0%). In sensitivity analyses including a third study, the pooled effects remained in favor of stretching for systolic BP (MD = -6.6 mmHg, 95% CI: -12.2 to -1.0; I2 = 56%) and diastolic BP (MD = -5.4 mmHg, 95% CI: -7.1 to -3.7; I2 = 8%). These pooled estimates should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of studies, heterogeneity in study design and participant characteristics, and overall limitations in methodological quality. Secondary findings suggested possible improvements in selected vascular parameters, including brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and cardio-ankle vascular index, whereas acute responses were more variable and protocol-dependent. Overall, the level of evidence was limited, with most randomized trials judged as having some concerns and non-randomized studies judged as having a critical risk of bias. Conclusions: Stretching interventions may improve BP and selected vascular parameters in adults with pre-hypertension and hypertension and may represent a practical adjunct within the non-pharmacological management of BP. However, the current evidence is limited by methodological heterogeneity, risk of bias, and the small number of studies available for quantitative synthesis. Therefore, the pooled findings should be considered exploratory and hypothesis-generating rather than definitive. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to determine the optimal type, dose, and long-term clinical relevance of stretching interventions in this population.

The study of thermal history of sedimentary basins is an important part of basin dynamics and hydrocarbon accumulation analysis, which is of great significance for revealing the maturation and evolution of source rocks, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion processes and hydrocarbon accumulation rules. In this paper, two basic methods of basin thermal history restoration are systematically sorted out: tectonic thermal evolution method and paleotemperature scale method. The tectonic thermal evolution method is based on the dynamic model of the lithosphere scale. By simulating the tectonic subsidence and thermal effects of different types of basins such as extension, foreland, craton and strike-slip pull-apart, the basin heat flow history is obtained by forward modeling. The paleo-thermometer method uses the paleo-geothermal information recorded by the paleo-thermometer such as vitrinite reflectance, asphalt reflectance, fission track and (U-Th)/He in the sedimentary strata of the basin to invert the thermal history of the basin. The combination of the two methods can give full play to the advantages of forward modeling and inversion, and make up for the shortcomings of a single method. In addition, this paper also discusses the temperature application range of different paleotemperature scales, the progress of dynamic models and their application examples in the analysis of oil and gas basins. The research shows that the tectonic thermal evolution method is suitable for revealing the origin of the basin and the evolution process of the lithosphere, while the paleo-thermometer method, especially the low-temperature thermochronology method, can accurately describe the thermal history path of the basin. The combined use of the two methods is the development trend of the current basin thermal history research.

Objective: This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for osteoarthritis and its influencing factors. It compared the effects of different types of acupuncture with sham acupuncture, as well as sham acupuncture with oral placebos, to elucidate the efficacy characteristics of acupuncture and provide quantitative data to support its use in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Methods: Randomized controlled trials on acupuncture for osteoarthritis were retrieved from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and CNKI databases, including studies published up to October 31, 2025. Using time-course and covariate models, we quantitatively assessed the clinical efficacy and influencing factors of warm acupuncture, traditional acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and sham acupuncture. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore trends related to potential factors affecting acupuncture efficacy. Furthermore, the effects of sham acupuncture were compared with previously established oral placebo responses to evaluate whether sham acupuncture confers therapeutic benefits. Results: A total of 72 articles involving 4919 participants were included. The findings indicated that warm acupuncture significantly outperformed sham acupuncture in VAS pain, WOMAC pain, WOMAC stiffness, and WOMAC function scores. Electroacupuncture and traditional acupuncture exhibited similar efficacy, with both treatments showing numerical improvements over sham acupuncture; however, these improvements were not statistically significant. Comparisons with oral placebo responses suggested that sham acupuncture was effective, with nonacupoint sham acupuncture slightly outperforming nonpenetrating sham acupuncture. Subgroup analyses indicated that higher baseline values of outcome measures, a lower proportion of female participants, shorter disease duration, and higher acupuncture frequency were associated with greater efficacy of acupuncture for osteoarthritis. Conclusion: This study establishes a time-course model for acupuncture in the treatment of osteoarthritis, clarifying its efficacy characteristics and clinical advantages while providing essential quantitative data for clinical practice and future trials. Graphical Abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A228

As a new type of composite material, fiber-reinforced concrete significantly improves the inherent defects of traditional concrete such as low tensile strength and high brittleness by incorporating various types of fibers into the concrete matrix. Meanwhile, its durability has attracted extensive attention and research. This paper systematically reviews the effects of different types of fibers on the durability of concrete, analyzes the key influencing factors including fiber parameters, matrix properties and environmental conditions, summarizes the main testing methods and evaluation indicators of the durability of fiber-reinforced concrete currently available, and points out the deficiencies of existing research and future development directions. It provides a reference for the engineering application and subsequent research of fiber-reinforced concrete in complex service environments.

Comparison of the effects of different types of nasointestinal tube placement techniques for ICU patients: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.

While there is a general understanding of the benefits of vermicompost, more specific research is needed to compare the effects of various feedstock-derived vermicompost on soybean growth, nodule formation, and yield response. An experiment was conducted in a glasshouse at the College of Agriculture, Hawassa University in 2023 to evaluate the effect of different types of vermicompost on the growth, nodule formation, yield related parameters and yield of soybean. Twelve vermicompost types, along with a control, were arranged in a completely randomized block design with six replications. Three replications were used for destructive sampling, while the remaining replications were used for yield and related parameters. The soybean variety Nyala, released by the Hawassa Agricultural Research Center in 2014, was used for the study. Results indicated that regardless of the type of vermicompost used, its application significantly improved the growth and yield and related parameters of soybean compared to plants without vermicompost. Vermicompost from different sources increased the leaf area per plant by 7 to 62% compared to those without vermicompost. Among the vermicompost types used, the one prepared from common bean straw + coffee husk resulted in the highest aboveground biomass and grain yield, surpassing plants without vermicompost by 28% and 60%, respectively. Overall, the various vermicompost types used increased aboveground biomass and grain yield per plant in a range of 5% to 30% and 18% to 60%, respectively, compared to the control. On the other hand, root nodule number per plant, effective nodule per plant, fresh, and dry weight were significantly reduced under vermicompost application compared to the control. Based on the grain yield results, it is advisable to use vermicompost made from a mixture of common bean straw and coffee husk for optimal soybean growth and yield. Conducting field experiments across various locations is essential to provide a solid recommendation.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of different types of animal manure on the growth and production of mustard plants cultivated on Ultisol soil media. Observational data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANSIRA), and significant differences were further tested using the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at the 5% significance level. The results showed that the application of different types of manure significantly affected the growth and yield parameters of mustard plants, including plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight. The best treatment for increasing plant height and leaf number was O3 (topsoil: cow manure = 2:1), which produced the tallest plants and the highest number of leaves compared to other treatments. Meanwhile, the best treatment for fresh weight production is O2 (topsoil: buffalo manure = 2:1). Differences in growth and production responses were influenced by manure purity, particle size, nutrient availability, and the slow-release characteristics of organic fertilizers, which affect nutrient uptake dynamics in mustard plants.