Effect Of Adenosine Triphosphate Research Articles

Effect of adenosine triphosphate on amiodarone-induced optic neuropathy in rats: biochemical and histopathological evaluation

Objective This study aims to investigate possible preventive effect of ATP on optic nerve damage caused by amiodarone in rats. Material and method Thirty albino male Wistar rats weighing between 265 and 278 g were used in the study. Before the experiment, the rats were housed at 22 °C in a 12-h light/dark cycle under appropriate condition. The rats were equally divided into five groups of six animals each: healthy group, 50 mg/kg amiodarone (AMD-50), 100 mg/kg amiodarone (AMD-100), 25 mg/kg ATP + 50 mg/kg amiodarone (ATAD-50), and 25 mg/kg ATP + 100 mg/kg amiodarone (ATAD-100). At the end of 14th day, the animals were sacrificed using cardiac puncture under deep thiopental anaesthesia, and optic nerve tissues were harvested to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (tGSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) levels. Results The MDA levels were found to be significantly higher in the AMD-50 and AMD-100 groups compared to the healthy group (p ˂ 0.001). There was also a significant difference between the AMD-50 and ATAD-50 groups, and between the AMD-100 and ATAD-100 groups regarding MDA levels (p ˂ 0.001). tGSH, SOD, and CAT levels were significantly lower in the AMD-50 and AMD-100 groups compared to the healthy group (p ˂ 0.001). ATP was found to partially inhibit amiodarone-induced optic neuropathy. Conclusion The biochemical and histopathological results of this study demonstrated that amiodarone at high doses caused more severe optic neuropathy inducing oxidative damage, but ATP could relatively antagonise these negative effects on the optic nerve. Therefore, we believe that ATP may be beneficial in preventing amiodarone-induced optic neuropathy.

Effect of adenosine triphosphate on ribociclib-induced skin toxicity in rats

Purpose Ribociclib is a CDK4/6 inhibitor approved for the treatment of breast cancer; it inhibits the activity of CDK4/6 by competitively binding to adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) binding sites. Although generally well-tolerated, ribociclib has been connected to a number of serious dermatologic complications. This study explored the effects of ATP on ribociclib-induced skin damage. Materials and methods Using a rat model, ATP 25 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in the ATP + Ribociclib (ATR) group (n = 6). Distilled water as solvent was applied to the healthy control (HC) group (n = 6) and ribociclib (RCB) group (n = 6). One hour after ATP and solvent administration, ribociclib (200 mg/kg) suspension prepared in distilled water was administered to the stomach by gavage (ATR and RCB groups). This was repeated once a day for 15 d. After that period, biochemical markers were studied in the skin tissues and histopathological evaluations were conducted. Results In the histopathological evaluation of the RCB group, dermal necrosis, degeneration in hair follicles, and pycnosis in keratinocytes were observed. Only mild degeneration was observed in the ATR group; the HC group had a normal histological appearance. The malondialdehyde (MDA) values were significantly higher and the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total glutathione (tGSH) levels were significantly lower in the RCB group in comparison to the HC group (p < .001). ATP reduced the ribociclib-induced increases in the MDA values and decreased the SOD, CAT, and tGSH levels in the ATR group (p < .001). Conclusion ATP may be useful in the treatment of ribociclib-induced skin damage.

Toward a molecular mechanism for the interaction of ATP with alpha-synuclein.

The ability of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) to modulate protein solubility establishes a critical link between ATP homeostasis and proteinopathies, such as Parkinson's (PD). The most significant risk factor for PD is aging, and ATP levels decline dramatically with age. However, the mechanism by which ATP interacts with alpha-synuclein (αS), whose aggregation is characteristic of PD, is currently not fully understood, as is ATP's effect on αS aggregation. Here, we use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as fluorescence, dynamic light scattering and microscopy to show that ATP affects multiple species in the αS self-association cascade. The triphosphate moiety of ATP disrupts long-range electrostatic intramolecular contacts in αS monomers to enhance initial aggregation, while also inhibiting the formation of late-stage β-sheet fibrils by disrupting monomer-fibril interactions. These effects are modulated by magnesium ions and early onset PD-related αS mutations, suggesting that loss of the ATP hydrotropic function on αS fibrillization may play a role in PD etiology.

Effect of adenosine triphosphate, benidipine and their combinations on bevacizumab-induced kidney damage in rats.

Bevacizumab-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition may lead to a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, an increase in intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as to cell damage. To investigate the biochemical and histopathological effects of ATP, benidipine and ATP in combination with benidipine on bevacizumab-induced kidney damage in rats. Rats were divided into 5 treatment groups: bevacizumab (BVZ) alone, ATP + bevacizumab (ABVZ), benidipine + bevacizumab (BBVZ), ATP + benidipine + bevacizumab (ABBVZ), and healthy controls (HC). Adenosine triphosphate (25 mg/kg), benidipine (4 mg/kg orally), ATP (25 mg/kg) + benidipine (4 mg/kg), or saline were administered to albino Wistar rats. One hour after treatment, bevacizumab was injected at a dose of 10 mg/kg to induce kidney damage. Two doses of bevacizumab were delivered 15 days apart. Adenosine triphosphate + benidipine were administered once a day for 1 month. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels of the BVZ, BBVZ, ABVZ, ABBVZ, and HC groups were ranked from highest to lowest. Conversely, total glutathione (tGSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) kidney tissue values were ranked from lowest to highest, respectively. Hemorrhage, tubular necrosis and grade 3 focal tubular atrophy were observed in the BVZ group. Atrophy and grade 2 necrosis were observed in the BBVZ group and atrophy and grade 1 necrosis were observed in the ABVZ group. Only grade 1 atrophy was observed in the ABBVZ group. Adenosine triphosphate reduced bevacizumab-induced renal toxicity significantly more effectively than benidipine. However, the combination of ATP + benidipine further reduced bevacizumab-induced renal toxicity relative to benidipine or ATP alone. These data indicate that ATP + benidipine might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of bevacizumab-induced renal toxicity.

Effects of Adenosine Triphosphate on Vandetanib-Induced Heart Damage in Rats

Effects of Adenosine Triphosphate on Vandetanib-Induced Heart Damage in Rats

Effects of adenosine triphosphate on spinal cord injury and its potential molecular mechanism.

Effects of adenosine triphosphate on spinal cord injury and its potential molecular mechanism.

The effect of adenosine triphosphate on propofol-induced myopathy in rats: a biochemical and histopathological evaluation.

Propofol infusion syndrome characterized by rhabdomyolysis, metabolic acidosis, kidney, and heart failure has been reported in long-term propofol use for sedation. It has been reported that intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is reduced in rhabdomyolysis. The study aims to investigate the protective effect of ATP against possible skeletal muscle damage of propofol in albino Wistar male rats biochemically and histopathologically. PA-50 (n = 6) and PA-100 (n = 6) groups of animals was injected intraperitoneally to 4 mg/kg ATP. An equal volume (0.5 ml) of distilled water was administered intraperitoneally to the P-50, P-100, and HG groups. One hour after the administration of ATP and distilled water, 50 mg/kg propofol was injected intraperitoneally to the P-50 and PA-50 groups. This procedure was repeated once a day for 30 days. The dose of 100 mg/kg propofol was injected intraperitoneally to the P-100 and PA-100 groups. This procedure was performed three times with an interval of 1 days. Our experimental results showed that propofol increased serum CK, CK-MB, creatinine, BUN, TP I, ALT, AST levels, and muscle tissue MDA levels at 100 mg/kg compared to 50 mg/kg and decreased tGSH levels. At a dose of 100 mg/kg, propofol caused more severe histopathological damage compared to 50 mg/kg. It was found that ATP prevented propofol-induced muscle damage and organ dysfunction at a dose of 50 mg/kg at a higher level compared to 100 mg/kg. ATP may be useful in the treatment of propofol-induced rhabdomyolysis and multiple organ damage.

Effect of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Infusion on Neuropathic Pain in a Patient with Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

Effect of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Infusion on Neuropathic Pain in a Patient with Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

The effect of adenosine triphosphate on bevacizumab-induced ovarian damage and reproductive dysfunction in rats.

We investigated the effect of ATP's protection against possible bevacizumab-induced ovarian damage and reproductive dysfunction in female albino Wistar rats. A total of 42 rats, 36 females, and 6 males were used in the experiment. Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) was injected as a solvent to the Bevacizumab (BVZ; n = 12) and Control (n = 6) groups. 25 mg/kg ATP was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to the ATP + bevacizumab (ABZ; n = 12) group. One hour after ATP and solvent administration, 10 mg/kg bevacizumab was i.p. injected to the ABZ and BVZ groups. Bevacizumab was administered once a day every two weeks; ATP was administered one a day for 30 days. At the end of this period, six rats from each group were sacrificed with high dose of anesthesia (thiopental sodium 50 mg/kg) and biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed in ovarian tissues. Mature male rats were kept in the laboratory for two months to breed the remaining female animals. The values showed that the oxidant parameters increased in the ovarian tissue of the BVZ group compared to the healthy controls and the ABZ group, while antioxidant parameters decreased. The number of breeding animals was significantly decreased in the BVZ group compared to the Control and the ABZ groups. This result suggests that ATP may be effective in preventing oxidative damage to the ovaries and infertility induced by bevacizumab.

Effects of adenosine triphosphate on vandetanib induced skin damage in rats

Purpose Vandetanib is a wide spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and various other cancer types. Although it is usually well-tolerated ıt has been linked to a variety of severe dermatologic reactions. Our study aimed was to investigate adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) on vandetanib-induced skin damage. Materials and methods A total number of 18 rats were divided into three equal groups as vandetanib group (VDB), vandetanib plus ATP group (VAT), and healthy group (HG); 25 mg/kg ATP was injected intraperitoneally (ip) to the VAT group. Normal saline was given to the HG and VDB groups as solvent via intraperitoneally. One hour later, 25 mg/kg vandetanib was applied orally via an orogastric catheter in the VAT and VDB groups. This procedure was repeated once daily for 4 weeks. After that period, all animals were sacrificed and their skin tissues removed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) levels in rats’ skin tissues were evaluated with histopathological analyses. Results MDA and TOS levels measured higher in the VDB group compared to the VAT and HG groups (p < 0.001). tGSH and TAS levels of the VDB group measured lower than the VAT and HG groups (p < 0.001). The structure and morphology of skin tissue were normal in the control group. In the VDB group, skin tissue damage with thinner epitelium, ruptured and degenerated hair follicles, abnormal accumulation of abnormal keratin on the epithelium and oedematous areas in the dermis was observed. In the VAT group, these findings were significantly improved. Conclusion We demonstrated that adenosine triphosphate can prevent vandetanib-induced skin toxicity in rats for the first time. The promising results denote that further studies testing this agent in other animal models and in humans are warranted.

Effects of adenosine triphosphate on methanol-induced experimental optic nerve damage in rats: biochemical and histopathological evaluation

Purpose Acute methanol exposure leads to systemic intoxication and toxic optic neuropathy. In this experimental study, we aimed to determine the protective effects of intravenous administration of ATP in methanol-induced optic neuropathy. Materials and methods A total of 18 male albino Wistar rats weighing between 267 and 282 g were used for the experiment. The animals were divided into three groups as healthy control (HC), methanol (M), and methanol + ATP (M-ATP) groups. Distilled water was given to the healthy control group (n = 6) as the solvent, while 20% methanol was administered orally to the rats in M (n = 6) and M-ATP (n = 6) groups at a dose of 3 g/kg. Four hours after the administration of 20% methanol orally to the M-ATP group, ATP was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 4 mg/kg. Eight hours after ATP injection, the animals were sacrificed by high-dose (50 mg/kg) thiopental anaesthesia and biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed on the removed optic nerve tissues. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), total oxidant status (TOS) and total anti-oxidant status (TAS) were analysed with biochemical tests. Results MDA, TOS and OSI were significantly higher and tGSH and TAS levels were significantly lower in methanol administered group compared with the healthy controls or M-ATP group (p: 0.001). There was not any significant difference between healthy controls and M-ATP group regarding the oxidative stress parameters. There was a significant destruction and increase in thickness and astrocyte numbers and edema-vacuolization in methanol administered group compared with the healthy controls or M-ATP group (p: 0.001). Conclusion Intravenous ATP administration had a significant positive effect on the oxidative stress parameters and optic nerve structure in methanol-intoxicated rats. Antioxidant therapies should be considered in future studies as a possible therapy for methanol-induced toxic optic neuropathy.

Targeting adenosinergic pathway and adenosine A2A receptor signaling for the treatment of COVID-19: A hypothesis

The most serious health issue today is the rapid outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). More than 6,973,427 confirmed cases were diagnosed in nearly 213 countries and territories around the world and two international conveyances, causing globally over 400,000 deaths. Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients have been identified, but the factors influencing the immune system against COVID-19 have not been well established. Upon infection or cell damage, high amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are released from damaged cells, which serve as mediators of inflammation through purinergic cell surface receptor signaling. As a protective mechanism to prevent excessive damage to host tissue, adenosine counteracts ATP's effects by adenosine receptor stimulation to suppress the pro-inflammatory response. Adenosine is seen as a major obstacle to the efficacy of immune therapies, and the adenosinergic axis components are critical therapeutic targets for cancer and microbial infections. Pharmacologic inhibitors or antibodies specific to adenosinergic pathway components or adenosine receptors in microbial and tumor therapy have shown efficacy in pre-clinical studies and are entering the clinical arena. In this review, we provide a novel hypothesis explaining the potential for improving the efficiency of innate and adaptive immune systems by targeting adenosinergic pathway components and adenosine A2A receptor signaling for the treatment of COVID-19.

The effect of adenosine triphosphate on sunitinib-induced cardiac injury in rats.

In this study, we aimed to show the effect of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) on sunitinib-induced cardiac injury in rats. The rats (n = 30) were divided equally into three groups as sunitinib group (SG), sunitinib plus ATP group (SAG), and healthy group (HG); 2 mg/kg ATP was injected intraperitoneally (ip) to the SAG group. Same volume normal saline as solvent was administered ip to the other two groups. After 1 h, 25 mg/kg sunitinib was applied orally via catheter to stomach in the SAG and SG groups. This procedure was repeated once daily for 5 weeks. At the end of this period, all animals were sacrificed and their cardiac tissue was removed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) levels in rats' cardiac tissues and troponin I (Tp-I) levels in rats' blood samples were evaluated. Histopathological analysis was also performed in cardiac tissues of the animals. MDA, TNF-α, NF-κB, and Tp-I levels were higher in the SG group compared to the SAG and HG groups (p < 0.001). tGSH levels of the SG group were lower than the SAG and HG groups (p < 0.001). The structure and morphology of cardiac muscle fibers and blood vessels were normal in the control group. In the SG group, obvious cardiac muscle tissue damage with dilated myofibers, locally atrophic myofibers, and congested blood vessels were observed. In the SAG group, marked amelioration in these findings was observed. We showed this for the first time that ATP administration exerts a protective effect against cardiac effects of sunitinib.

Effects of Adenosine Triphosphate on Proliferation and Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells

IntroductionAdenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is a potent signaling molecule that regulates diverse biological activities in cells. Its effects on human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of ATP on proliferation and differentiation of HDPCs. MethodsReverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to explore the mRNA expression of P2 receptor subtypes. Cell Counting Kit-8 test and flow cytometry analysis were used to examine the effects of ATP on proliferation and cell cycle of HDPCs. The effects of ATP on differentiation of HDPCs were examined by using alizarin red S staining, energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, Western blot analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. ResultsThe purinoceptors P2X3, P2X4, P2X5, P2X7, and all P2Y receptor subtypes were confirmed to present in HDPCs. ATP enhanced HDPC proliferation at 10 μmol/L concentration. However, it inhibited cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle in G0G1 phase (P < .05 versus control) and induced odontoblastic differentiation, ERK/MAPK activation, and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) mRNA transcriptions at 800 μmol/L concentration. Suramin, an ATP receptor antagonist, inhibited ERK/MAPK activation and HDPC odontoblastic differentiation (P < .05 versus control). ConclusionsExtracellular ATP activates P2 receptors and downstream signaling events that induce HDPC odontogenic differentiation. Thus, ATP may promote dental pulp tissue healing and repair through P2 signaling. Results provide new insights into the molecular regulation of pulpal wound healing.

Effect of adenosine triphosphate on left atrial electrogram interval and dominant frequency in human atrial fibrillation

BackgroundComplex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) and high dominant frequency (DF) are targets for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Although adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is known to promote AF by shortening the atrial refractory period, its role in the pathogenesis of CFAEs and DF during AF is not fully understood. MethodsWe recorded electrical activity from a 64-electrode basket catheter placed in the left atrium (LA) of patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF, n=18) or persistent AF (PerAF, n=19) before ablation. Atrial electrogram fractionation intervals (FIs) and DFs were measured from bipolar electrograms of each adjacent electrode pair. Offline mean atrial FIs and DFs were obtained before bolus injection of 30mg ATP. Peak effect was defined as an R–R interval >3s. ResultsWith ATP, the mean FI decreased (from 110.4±29.1ms to 90.5±24.7ms, P<0.0001) and DF increased (from 6.4±0.6Hz to 7.1±0.8Hz, P<0.0001) in all patients. There was no difference in the FI decrease between the two groups (−20.3±20.5ms vs. −19.6±14.5ms, P=0.6032), but the increase in DF was significantly greater in PAF patients (1.1±0.8Hz vs. 0.3±0.6Hz, P=0.0051). ConclusionsATP shortens atrial FIs and increases DFs in both PAF and PerAF patients. The significant increase in DF in PAF patients suggests that pathophysiologic characteristics related to the frequency of atrial fractionation change as atrial remodeling progresses.

Evaluation of effect of adenosine triphosphate postconditioning on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rabbits using ultrasound speckle tracking imaging

Objective To evaluate the effect of adenosine triphosphate postconditioning on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rabbits by ultrasound speckle tracking imaging(STI). Methods Forty-two healthy rabbits were randomly divided into three groups averagely: ischemia-reperfusion(IR) group, ischemia postconditioning(IPost) group, ATP-pharmacological postconditioning(PPost) group. The model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion was established. Echocardiography examinations were conducted before the coronary artery ligatured, after 45 min later and at the end of reperfusion. Pathological examinations were applied to detect the change of which two rabbits randomly selected from each group after the coronary artery ligatured 45 minutes later and the rests after reperfusion of 120 min. Results ①Ischemic and infarct changes could find in the six rabbits which were sacrificed after the coronary artery ligatured 45 minutes later. The same changes also could be found in the three groups after reperfusion, and the damage in IR group was the most significant. ②After block of coronary artery, left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) decreased in all groups (P<0.05) and STI index decreased in all groups (P<0.01). ③After reperfusion of 120 min later, global longitudinal systolic strain rate(GLSrsys), global longitudinal systolic strain(GLSsys) increased in IPost group and GLSrsys increased in ATP-PPost group, and longitudinal systolic strain rate(SrLsys), longitudinal diastolic strain rate(SrLd), longitudinal systolic strain(SLsys) increased both in IPost group and ATP-PPost group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared in groups, GLSsys, SrLsys, SLsys in IPost group and ATP-PPost group all higher than those in IR group (P<0.05). Conclusions STI can evaluate exactly the global and regional myocardial function of rabbit myocardial infarct-reperfusion model and local index is better than overall index. STI can also detect correctly the protect effects on myocardial reperfusion injury of ATP. Key words: Echocardiography; Myocardial ischemia; Reperfusion injury; Postconditioning; Adenosine; Speckle tracking imaging

Effects of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Treatment on Postharvest Physiology, Quality and Storage Behavior of Longan Fruit

The effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on postharvest physiology, quality, and storage behavior of harvested longan fruit were investigated. Fruit of “Fuyan” longan were dipped in 0.8 mM ATP solution or distilled water (control) for 20 min. The fruit were dried prior to packaging and then stored at 28 °C and 90 % relative humidity. The results showed that as compared with control fruit, application of ATP could significantly reduce fruit respiration rate; delay an increase of cell membrane permeability in pericarp; maintain higher contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and flavonoid; and subsequently retard the change of apparent color on longans. In addition, lower polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and higher total phenolics content were also found in ATP-treated fruit, which contributed to lower browning index in longan pericarp. The application of ATP could effectively inhibit the decreases in contents of total soluble solids (TSS), total soluble sugars, and vitamin C with a limited increase of titratable acidity (TA) content in pulp, which maintain better quality and flavor in longan pulp. Furthermore, ATP treatment could keep a higher rate of commercially acceptable fruit, effectively prevent weight loss from longans, and retard the developments of aril breakdown and fruit disease in longan fruit. It could be concluded that 0.8 mM ATP treatment for 20 min could greatly delay longan fruit senescence, maintain higher fruit quality, and exhibit better storage behavior which might suggest a promising method for keeping quality and extending the shelf life of harvested “Fuyan” longan fruit.

Effect of Adenosine Triphosphate on in vitro Fertilization in Mice as a model for Human Being

Effect of Adenosine Triphosphate on in vitro Fertilization in Mice as a model for Human Being

Expression and effect of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter sub-family class 4 in cholangiocarcinoma

Objective To investigate the effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter sub-family class 4 (ABCC4) on proliferation and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma cells.Methods There were 39 cases of cholangiocarcinomas from June 2010 to June 2012.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to detect the ABCC4 expression in human cholangiocarcinoma and normal bile duct mucosa.Then ABCC4 gene was silenced in one human cholangiocarcinoma cell line.Growth curve was drawn by using methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTF) assay.Results The human cholangiocarcinoma cells had a abnormally higher expression of ABCC4.The silencing of ABCC4 was confirmed in cholangiocarcinoma cells by Western blotting.ABCC4 gene-silenced HuCCT1 cells proliferated significantly slower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Clone experiments showed that the lowered ABCC4 protein could significantly reduce the malignant phenotypes.Conclusion We speculate that ABCC4 in cholangiocarcinoma cells functions as the role of oncogenes. Key words: Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter sub-family class 4; RNA interference ; Cholangiocarcinoma

Effects of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) on Early Recovery After Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study

Functional exercise after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is necessary. However, it may be a difficult and painful process for the patient. Desirable methods of relieving the patient's pain are worth exploring. Oral supplement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a potential option. In the present study, we decide to investigate whether short-term administration of ATP benefits patients undergoing TKA. A total of 244 subjects were randomized to receive 120mg ATP or placebo each day for 4weeks. Significant differences in quadriceps strength, pain scores at postoperative days 7, 14, 21, and 28 and total opioid consumption were detected. It follows that oral supplement of ATP could benefit patients recovering from TKA.