Effective Poverty Alleviation Research Articles

Can Coffee Certification Reduce Poverty? Results from a Household Study of Smallholder Farmers in Indonesia

Sustainability certification are increasingly demanded in the global coffee trade, but its economic and poverty alleviation effects for smallholder farmers are still poorly understood. We study these effects using cross-sectional household data obtained from a survey of 320 farm households from four districts in the coffee-producing provinces of Lampung and Aceh in Indonesia. We combine a monetary expenditure approach with a non-monetary approach. Both approaches reveal information on the number of respondents that can be considered poor, as well as on the intensity of poverty experienced by them. In terms of non-monetary approach, we refer to multidimensional poverty index (MPI) that identifies deprivations in education, health and standards of living. In terms of monetary approach, we examine poverty gap index that measure coffee farmers’ expenditure lies below the poverty line. We compare between certified and conventional (non-certified) coffee farmers. The results show that economic benefits contributing to poverty alleviation can be gained from coffee certification. The differences in the value of poverty measurements between certified and conventional farmers are small but statistically significant. Certified farmers are found to be less frequently poor compared to conventional farmers. There is no significant difference on the intensity of poverty for both groups of smallholder farmers. Given these results, certification is not a highly recommended strategy for poverty alleviation among smallholder coffee farmers in Indonesia.

Can the Sorghum Planting Industry in Less-Favoured Areas Promote the Income Increase of Farmers? An Empirical Study of Survey Data from 901 Samples in Luquan County

Poverty alleviation is the basic requirement of human social development. However, there is still a lack of quantitative research on the poverty alleviation effect of regional, characteristic industries. Few studies have focused on the increase of micro individual income and used more advanced policy evaluation tools for comparative analysis based on a quasi-experimental perspective. In addition, the existing research ignores the critical question: can characteristic industries really achieve sustainable development goals while bringing poverty alleviation results? We studied regional, characteristic industries from a new perspective, taking into account the poverty alleviation effect and regional sustainable development. Based on the survey data of 901 households of representative village committees of Tanglang and Dache in Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County, this study quantitatively analyzed the poverty alleviation effect of the sorghum planting industry by using the Propensity Score Matching Difference-in-Differences (PSM-DID) model. The adoption of the industrial alleviation policy has significantly increased the per capita net income of rural households in Tanglang and Dache village committees, by 2171.64 CNY and 1945.06 CNY, respectively. The estimation results of the whole sample show that the effect of the policy to the per capita net income of households is 1726.87 CNY. The development of the sorghum planting poverty alleviation industry in Luquan County has promoted income increase of households significantly, creating economic, social and ecological sustainability, and can provide a reference for less-favoured areas.

Industrial Poverty Alleviation, Digital Innovation and Regional Economically Sustainable Growth: Empirical Evidence Based on Local State-Owned Enterprises in China

This paper takes the industrial poverty alleviation of local state-owned enterprises in China as the research object, and takes the local state-owned enterprises listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen A shares in China from 2016 to 2020 as the sample to empirically test the impact of industrial poverty alleviation on the sustainable economic growth of the region and consider the regulatory effect of digital innovation. This study found that China’s local industrial poverty reduction behavior in state-owned enterprises can effectively promote regional economic growth. Moreover, the digital innovation produced a regulating effect; that is, if enterprises carry out digital innovation and have a higher degree of digital innovation, their industrial poverty alleviation behavior will have a stronger role in promoting regional economic growth. This conclusion still holds even after controlling for factors of robustness and endogeneity. In addition, the study of influence mechanisms found that the proportion of primary industry in GDP was the mediating effect of industrial poverty alleviation on regional economic growth, and the proportion of primary industry in GDP had a partial mediating effect. Further heterogeneous group testing shows that the impact of industrial poverty alleviation on regional economically sustainable growth is more obvious in agriculture-related, local state-owned enterprises; non-high-tech, local state-owned enterprises; and local state-owned enterprises with subsequent poverty alleviation plans. The empirical evidence in this paper verifies the role of local state-owned enterprises’ participation in industrial poverty alleviation in promoting regional economic growth. It is a useful supplement to the research literature on the economic consequences of Chinese enterprises’ participation in targeted poverty alleviation, which helps to better understand such a phenomenon and also provides a powerful explanation for China’s poverty alleviation achievements.

Research on the Effect of Pinduoduo's Agricultural Support and Poverty Alleviation in China

Upon the implementation of the 12th Five-Year Plan, our government gives great impetus to the poverty alleviation via Internet plus agriculture and e-commerce. With the popularization of rural Internet and the improvement of e-commerce related infrastructure, the project has achieved certain results. Pinduoduo is a typical case company of e-commerce poverty alleviation, because it actively responds to the national call, vigorously participates in the cause of poverty alleviation and agricultural support, uses its own advantages of e-commerce sales, integrates the entire chain including the source purchase of agricultural products, logistics distribution, consumer terminal services, and solves the problems of agricultural production and sales in remote mountainous areas, so as to support the local agricultural development, improve the local economic level, and give assistance to the government eliminate the poor population. This paper takes Pinduoduo as a case analysis object to analyze the motivation, mode and effect of poverty alleviation through Pinduoduo, and puts forward conclusions and suggestions based on personal research results.

"Internet +" for Targeted Poverty Alleviation by Listed Companies - A Case Study of Alibaba Group

Based on the "Internet +" concept in 2012 and the "Targeted Poverty Alleviation" strategy in 2013, many companies have found new ways to alleviate poverty through the "Internet +", which has injected new vitality into impoverished area, and also helped enterprises to promote their development in the course of poverty alleviation. This paper aims to promote the development of enterprises in the process of poverty alleviation through literature analysis and case studies. This paper intends to help more companies understand the role of "Internet +" in poverty alleviation through literature analysis and case studies, as well as how to consolidate the results of poverty alleviation and prevent the return of poverty with effective poverty alleviation methods, so as to achieve the simultaneous development of poverty alleviation and company business.

Research on the Motivation Mechanism of Precise Poverty Alleviation in Rural Tourism in China

The practice of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism in China generally faces the contradiction of “abundant exogenous motivation and insufficient endogenous motivation”, which seriously affects the effect of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the motivation mechanism of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism. This paper tries to borrow the force analysis method of the slope model in physics, constructs a general theoretical model of the motivation mechanism of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism, and compares and analyzes the characteristics of the models of the motivation mechanism of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism under two different models: government-led and community-led practice. On this basis, through a case analysis of the generating and evolution process of the motivation mechanism of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism in Liangjiahe village, Yanchuan County, Shaanxi Province, which is a typical example of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism in China, we propose a new model of the motivation mechanism of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism under the mode of tourism empowerment. The study has some theoretical insights to clarify the dynamic operation mechanism of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism, promote the sustainability of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism, and realize an effective connection between precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism and rural revitalization in China.

Multidimensional poverty alleviation effect of different rural land consolidation models: A case study of Hubei and Guizhou, China

Eradicating all forms of poverty is the goal of sustainable development in the world, and the problem of returning to poverty has received widespread attention from international organizations and various countries around the world. Rural land consolidation (RLC) has achieved sustainable land use by combining with land system reform and policy innovation, thus RLC has become an important means to consolidate the achievements of poverty eradication in China. Under the sustainable livelihood approach, this study reveals the pathways to alleviate multidimensional relative poverty of different RLC models. Based on questionnaire data of rural households from poor areas of Guizhou and Hubei provinces in China, this study constructs a multidimensional poverty indices (MPI), including five dimensions of relative poverty measurement indicators (income, education, livelihood, housing, and employment) and the corresponding critical values, and measures the multidimensional relative poverty status of rural households as well as the change before and after RLC. In addition, the effects of multidimensional poverty reduction of different RLC models on poor households were investigated by the quasi-experimental PSM-DID method. The results show that different RLC models exhibit different poverty reduction effects. A comprehensive analysis of the multidimensional relative poverty indices demonstrates that public-private partnership (PPP) model of RLC can significantly alleviate poverty status of rural household, whereas the government-led model has no significant multidimensional poverty reduction effects. The investigation of each of five dimensions reveals that the PPP model has a significant poverty reduction effect on all the five dimensions (income, education, livelihood, housing, and employment), but the government-led model has a significant poverty reduction effect only on income dimension. Accordingly, this study proposes related policy recommendations, which provides Chinese experience for other developing countries to formulate RLC poverty alleviation strategies.

The Organic Connection of Rural Revitalization and Poverty Alleviation from the Perspective of Spillover Effect

To fully implement the rural revitalization strategy, it is required to strengthen the effectiveness of consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation and effectively link the rural revitalization strategy. Following the three-dimensional overall framework of subject content tool, through analyzing the external effects of poverty alleviation achievements on public governance beyond the policy objectives, it is recognized that the poverty alleviation strategy has produced extensive spillover effects. Based on the current situation of rural development, this paper proposes that the spillover effect of poverty alleviation can help the practical obstacles in the process of rural revitalization, and fully recognizes the internal mechanism of the problems. Finally, it is proposed to give full play to the spillover effect through multi subject linkage, multi content coordination, and multi tool integration to help explore the path of rural revitalization and development.

How Do Cooperatives Alleviate Poverty of Farmers? Evidence from Rural China

Farmers’ cooperatives play an important role in enabling small farmers to integrate into modern agriculture. Based on the survey data of 7200 farmers in four provinces of China, this paper uses the multi-dimensional poverty measurement method and the instrumental variable method to reveal the transmission mechanism and multi-dimensional poverty reduction effect of farmers’ cooperatives in deep poverty-stricken areas in China to realize joint agricultural empowerment through the supply chain. The results show that farmers’ cooperatives play an important role in enhancing small farmers’ financing, technology application, market sales, and rights decision-making. Every increase in the degree of interest connection between the two will help farmers reduce the multi-dimensional poverty level by 12.3%, and the mitigation effects on material poverty, ability poverty, and rights poverty are between 10% and 13%. Compared with agricultural cooperatives with weak organizational service capacity, cooperatives with high organizational service capacity have a more significant multi-dimensional poverty reduction effect on farmers, which leads to farmers obtaining financing and improving their ability and income. In addition, the difference in benefit coupling between agricultural cooperatives and farmers of different leading bodies also results in the heterogeneity of multi-dimensional poverty alleviation effects of farmers. To a certain extent, the supply chain is affected by the risk endowment of members, the supply chain’s poverty alleviation performance is affected by members’ supply chain’s poverty alleviation performance, and there is a certain risk transfer and “distribution failure”. Therefore, optimizing the benefit coupling structure and risk sharing mechanism between farmers’ cooperatives and farmers has become an important way to break the pattern of “the strong are always strong” and “distribution failure” for supply chain members and farmers.

Social capital, poverty alleviation and complexity in Africa. Evidence from rural areas

PurposeThe aim is to discuss the role of social capital in alleviating poverty in the rural setting of Africa by viewing it as an individual and collective asset.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use primary data from a survey on rural households living in three different districts in rural Africa. The authors design a social complexity index giving evidence on the poverty alleviation effect of complex patterns of civic participation at district level.FindingsResults support the view that social capital may mitigate poverty only if a rural household simultaneously participates in a plurality of social communities. Such mitigation is reinforced if she also lives in a socially complex district, whereas on the contrary the social complexity of a district, per se, is not enough to alleviate poverty.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to advance the knowledge of African rural areas and to identify potential developments of poverty policies in Africa based on diversified social capital as a valuable ingredient for poverty alleviation policies. This paper also contributes to the debate on social capital by showing that diversified social capital has a prevailing individual nature rather than a collective one.

Research on the Evaluation of Industrial Poverty Alleviation under the Background of the Internet

With the advent of the information age in the 21st century, Internet technology has developed rapidly. With the development of agriculture, industry, and service industry, Internet technology has also achieved further innovation and cross-border integration. The rapid development of Internet technology has provided new ideas for poverty alleviation in poor areas of China and accelerated the speed of poverty alleviation in poor areas. Based on the assumption of China’s industrial poverty alleviation and the analysis of the implementation center, this paper puts forward an evaluation method of industrial poverty alleviation effect based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, which is evaluated from three aspects: income structure, expenditure structure, and labor resources. Taking Wuxi County as an example, this paper discusses the combination of human capital theory and multidimensional poverty theory. The evaluation of poverty alleviation effectiveness includes four indicators (comprehensive analysis, evaluation system, policy implementation, poverty alleviation funds) and 21 secondary indicators. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is an objective, fair, and comprehensive evaluation of the overall level of poverty alleviation and development in Wuxi. The expert scoring method is used to calculate the weight of each index and determine the level of members and the industrial situation of China’s industrial poverty alleviation. According to the scores of each evaluation index, the poor households in Wuxi County are very satisfied with the person in charge of help, the villager group, the way of helping, and the effect of helping.

Using Improved BPNN to Predict the Time of Social Poverty Reduction under the Background of Internet

The world has been overturned by the power of the Internet, and all walks of life are constantly changing with the trend of the times. Therefore, with the help of the effective technology and means of the Internet, people can start from a more complex perspective. Analyze the social environment and economic situation, and focus on poverty. By actively monitoring the number of poor people in society, we can grasp the actual situation of poverty. Starting from the depths of the problem, aiming at the characteristics of poor groups, this paper excavates the scale data of poor people. Finally, the improved BP neural network model is used to predict the time when the society gets rid of poverty and reduces poverty. The results show the following: (1) After P value judgment and T value test, the experiment determined 12 indicators and proportion of poverty. The most prominent indicators of contribution rate are T2, T4, and T5. The most significant changes in T test results were T8 and T12. (2) The reformed BP network has less iteration times, shorter training time, and higher prediction accuracy. The network converges 30 times, and the fitting accuracy reaches the best, and the ideal state is 0.000936578. Training the poverty alleviation data from 2016 to 2020 with the model, the final poverty alleviation work has achieved remarkable results. (3) According to the hidden layer nodes of neural network structure, the final number of hidden layer nodes is determined to be 11. (4) Comparing the absolute error and APE error of the prediction results. The predicted value is very close to the actual value, which can correctly reflect the mapping relationship of poverty reduction and the result is reliable. (5) Compare the predicted values of BPNN model before and after modification; it is found that the new BPNN model is more accurate in prediction. The predicted population is close to the actual population, and the error level curve approaches 0%. After empirical test, the improved BPNN model is accurate and effective. Through the poverty reduction prediction of the model, people can observe the actual situation more intuitively. By evaluating the effectiveness of social poverty alleviation, we can optimize the next poverty alleviation strategy and adjust the strategic policy.

The Poverty Alleviation Effect of Public Services and Social Development Opportunities

After 2020, the strategic focus of rural poverty reduction will shift from absolute poverty to relative poverty. How to accurately identify the root causes of rural relative poverty and alleviate the problem of rural relative poverty has become the key factor to realize rural revitalization. Using the binary logistic regression model and the comprehensive survey data of Chinese society, it is found that the lack of feasible ability of farmers has an obvious poverty effect. Among them, the lack of basic feasible ability such as physical health and mental health and feasible development ability such as education are important factors leading to farmers’ relative poverty; however, the poverty causing effect of farmers’ willingness to work is not obvious, and the state of relative poverty will stimulate farmers’ willingness to work to a certain extent; increasing the supply of basic public services in rural areas is an important way to alleviate rural relative poverty; increasing rural social development opportunities also has an important effect on poverty alleviation, which can significantly reduce the probability of farmers’ relative poverty.

Anti-Poverty Performance Assessment and Forecasting

In order to further help each unit that mitigates the poverty of impoverished regions to improve the efficiency of poverty alleviation, this paper establishes a poverty alleviation performance evaluation index system. Firstly, we analyze the correlation among poverty alleviation indicators through a matrix density diagram. Second, the questions are divided into target layer (poverty alleviation performance), criterion layer (poverty alleviation efficiency, poverty alleviation effect, and poverty alleviation rate), and indicator layer, and the fuzzy hierarchical integrated evaluation method is used to calculate the performance score of each poverty alleviation unit. In addition, based on the historical data, support vector machines were used to calculate the grading rules and predict whether the village could be awarded the title of "advanced village in poverty alleviation". Finally, based on the study, recommendations were made to the National Poverty Alleviation Office for the differences in the individuality of the villages and the distribution of the work content of the poverty alleviation units.

What Are the Key Issues in the Development of Effective Poverty Alleviation Policies and Their Implementation in China’s South West Regions?

In this paper we examine, against the background of the government’s poverty alleviation agenda, issues that influence (negatively or positively) the widespread adoption of entrepreneurial initiatives by farmers, foresters, fisherman and others that could contribute to defeating poverty. We summarize trends in poverty levels, the inequality ‘gap’ and touch on government-led initiatives. These include inputs to modernize farm equipment, to provide start-up capital to returning entrepreneurial migrant workers and to foster digital marketing of locally produced (but in demand) commodities.

Impacts of poverty alleviation on national and global carbon emissions

Wealth and income are disproportionately distributed among the global population. This has direct consequences on consumption patterns and consumption-based carbon footprints, resulting in carbon inequality. Due to persistent inequality, millions of people still live in poverty today. On the basis of global expenditure data, we compute country- and expenditure-specific per capita carbon footprints with unprecedented details. We show that they can reach several hundred tons of CO2 per year, while the majority of people living below poverty lines have yearly carbon footprints of less than 1 tCO2. Reaching targets under United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 1, lifting more than one billion people out of poverty, leads to only small relative increases in global carbon emissions of 1.6–2.1% or less. Nevertheless, carbon emissions in low- and lower-middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa can more than double as an effect of poverty alleviation. To ensure global progress on poverty alleviation without overshooting climate targets, high-emitting countries need to reduce their emissions substantially.

Social benefit evaluation of China's photovoltaic poverty alleviation project

Poverty alleviation is an important work of the Chinese government in recent years. According to the international poverty standards of the world bank, China's poverty reduction population accounts for more than 70% of the world. Photovoltaic poverty alleviation is a significant way for regions rich in solar energy resources to transform the advantages of renewable energy resources into the driving force of social and economic development. It is also an effective means for China to implement power poverty alleviation. While promoting emission reduction in these regions, it accelerates economic development and implements targeted poverty alleviation. This paper analyzes the comprehensive benefits of typical market entities of photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects, and establishes the environment, economic and social benefit evaluation models for poor households, the state and government, photovoltaic enterprises and grid corporation. In the model, we creatively put forward an index system to characterize the poverty alleviation effect, and consider the additional industrial benefits brought by photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects. Finally, a typical photovoltaic poverty alleviation project in Haiyuan County, Northwest China is selected to verify the feasibility of this model.

Tourism and poverty alleviation in Tibet, China: the role of government in enhancing local linkages

ABSTRACT This study analyses the formation mechanism, poverty alleviation effects of local linkages, and examines the different agencies involved in shaping linkages in the Tibet Autonomous Region to understand local linkages in pro-poor tourism. A local linkage analysis framework composed of forward and backward linkages is developed from a value chain perspective. Research findings revealed the key role of governmental intervention in promoting diverse linkages, primarily forward local linkages. These linkages enable residents to occupy an active position in the tourism value chain, with improved participation and income in the tourism industry with the eventual outcome of poverty alleviation.

乡村振兴背景下红色旅游发展、扶贫效应与经济增长关系研究

乡村振兴背景下红色旅游发展、扶贫效应与经济增长关系研究

Policy effect of solar photovoltaic poverty alleviation on promoting rural revitalization

Policy effect of solar photovoltaic poverty alleviation on promoting rural revitalization