Effect Of Different Levels Research Articles

Effect of different levels of fertilizer and plant spacing on yield of taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) under Marathwada conditions

Effect of different levels of fertilizer and plant spacing on yield of taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) under Marathwada conditions

Effect of different levels of fertilizer and plant spacing on growth of taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) genotype under Marathwada conditions

Effect of different levels of fertilizer and plant spacing on growth of taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) genotype under Marathwada conditions

Pear twig biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer regulates morpho-physiological growth, copper uptake and tuber quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown in polluted soil

Application of pear twig derived biochar and nitrogen fertilizer is strategic for addressing the challenges posed by copper pollution in soils. Their combined use aims to improve plant health and promote sustainable agricultural practices, which leads to better potato growth and quality. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of different levels of pear twig biochar (B0:0, B1:3, B2:5, B3:7% w/w) combined with nitrogen fertilizer (N0:0, N1:150, N2:200, N3:250, N4:300 mg kg-1) on morpho-physiological growth and copper uptake of potato cultivated in Cu polluted soil. Results showed that combined approach of pear twig biochar and nitrogen significantly influenced morpho-physiology, antioxidant enzyme activity, mineral content and tuber quality of potato. B2N3 significantly increased the plant height and chlorophyll in plants as compared to B0N0 (control). Malondialdehyde and proline contents were highest in control; however, maximum reductions in MDA and proline contents were recorded at B2N4 (70.32% and 92.12% at budding stage, respectively) and at B2N3 (82.44% and 91.93% at flowering stage, respectively). Likewise, B2N3 showed maximum reduction in activities of peroxidase (7343.47 and 11077.27 U g-1), catalase (1184.98 and 165.64 U g-1) and superoxide dismutase (14.84 and 19.94 U g-1) at budding and flowering stages, respectively. However, lowest contents of soil available Cu (2.03 ± 0.5 μg g-1) and tuber flesh Cu (4.44 ± 0.3 μg g-1) were recorded at B2N3 as compared to control. Interestingly, 7% biochar at all levels of nitrogen exhibited a significant decrease in soil available Cu and tuber flesh Cu. Tuber quality traits were also significantly improved at B2N3 as compared to control. However, future research and field trials can help refine the best practices for integrating these elements in different agricultural systems.

Influence of Maternal Dietary Protein during Late Gestation on Performance of Black Bengal Does and Their Kids.

The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of different levels of dietary protein during late pregnancy on the performance of Black Bengal does and their kids. Twelve does were divided into three groups, with four in each, and three diets, i.e., high protein (18% CP), medium protein (14% CP), and low protein (10% CP) were supplied for 50 days, commencing from 100 days post-coitum to parturition. During the first 100 days of pregnancy, uniform rations with similar ingredients were provided to fulfill the nutrient requirements depending on the live weight of does. All three diets were isocaloric (10.0 MJ/kg DM). Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA, and the significance of the difference among means was determined by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The main effects of diet and sex, as well as their interaction, were analyzed by two-way ANOVA by using the GLM procedure. The relative expression values of qPCR were calculated by using the 2-ΔΔCt analysis method. Live weight gain was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in high-protein-fed dams than other groups during the experimental period. The milk yield of does was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in high-protein-fed goats than in the low-protein group. The lactation length of does was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the high- and medium-protein-fed does than in the low-protein-fed does. The duration of post-partum anestrus of does was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the low-protein-fed dams than in the high-protein group. The birth weight of kids tended to be higher in the high-protein group but did not differ significantly among the treatment groups. In male kids, weaning weight, final weight, live weight gain, and average daily gain were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in female kids. Weaning weight was higher (p < 0.05) in kids of the high-protein-fed does than the low-protein group. Final weight and live weight gain were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in kids of the high-protein-fed does than in the low-protein-fed group. On the other hand, average daily gain was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in kids of the high- and medium-protein-fed does than the low-protein group. The average body length and wither height of kids at the 32nd week was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in kids of high-protein-fed does than those of the low-protein-fed group. The average heart girth of kids at the 32nd week was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in kids of high-protein-fed does than the medium- and low-protein groups. The survival rate of kids was higher in the medium- and high-protein-fed does than in low-protein group. Hot carcass weight and ether extract content of meat were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the high-protein group than in the other groups. The dressing percentage was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the kids of high-protein-fed does than low-protein-fed goats. The expression of the H-FABP gene was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in kids of high-protein-fed does than those of the medium- and low-protein groups. In conclusion, maternal dietary protein levels positively influences the production performance of Black Bengal does and their kids.

Effect of Physical Activity Behaviors, Team Sports, and Sitting Time on Body Image and Exercise Dependence.

This study aimed to evaluate whether the type and degree of physical activity commitment (i.e., team sport athletes, highly active individuals, sedentary behavior) influence body image and exercise behavior. A total of 96 participants (46 women and 50 men; age: 22.7 ± 2.7 years; height: 170 ± 8.6 cm; weight: 67.6 ± 10.8 kg) were divided in six groups: female volleyball and male football players (student athletes classified as Tier 2), highly physically active women and men, with high sitting time completed the Body Image Dimensional Assessment and the 21-item Exercise Dependence Scale to evaluate body dissatisfaction and level of dependency on exercise. The Body Image Dimensional Assessment is a silhouette-based scale, where three direct indices are derived from the participants' responses: body dissatisfaction, sexual body dissatisfaction, and comparative body dissatisfaction. The Exercise Dependence Scale is a six-point Likert scale that evaluates seven dimensions of exercise dependence (tolerance, withdrawal, intention effects, lack of control, time, reductions in other activities, and continuance) and provides an overall score. A multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of different levels of physical activity, team sport participation (volleyball and football), and sedentary behavior (i.e., high sitting time) on participants' body image indices and dimensions of exercise dependence according to sex. Volleyball players showed significantly higher body dissatisfaction than football players (d = 0.99) and the physically active men group (d = 2.31), who had lower values than sedentary women group (d = 1.68). Football players had lower comparative body dissatisfaction values than volleyball players (d = 1.70) and sedentary women (d = 1.69), who had higher values than sedentary men (d = 1.04). Sedentary women had a significantly lower exercise dependence scale score than volleyball players (d = 1.71), football players (d = 1.12), and physically active men (d = 1.21). The findings highlight the impact of regular physical activity on body dissatisfaction and the variance in body image perceptions between the sexes. Moreover, the high exercise dependence values found in volleyball and football players and physically active men suggest an effect of intense training and maladaptive exercise behaviors, underlining the need for comprehensive strategies to address exercise dependence.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots on Growth Performance and Gut Health in Broilers.

This study aims to investigate the effect of different levels of zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO-QDs) on the growth performance and gut health in broilers. A total of 1125 1-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into five groups with 15 replicates of 15 chicks each. The broilers were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 40, 80, 120, or 160mg Zn/kg as ZnO-QDs for 6weeks. The results showed that dietary 80 and 120mg Zn/kg ZnO-QD supplementation increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (1.4-1.7%) and reduced feed conversion ratio (1.3%) compared to the basal diet group during various experimental periods. Meanwhile, 80mg Zn/kg ZnO-QD supplementation increased (P < 0.05) trypsin activity (25.4%), villus height, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum. Moreover, 80mg Zn/kg ZnO-QD supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the activities of glutathione reductase (47.7%) and superoxide dismutase (30.9%), while 120mg Zn/kg ZnO-QD supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase activity (27.1%) in the jejunum. Furthermore, 40mg Zn/kg ZnO-QD supplementation down-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes; interleukin-2, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), Cathelicidin-1, Cathelicidin-2, Cathelicidin-3, and Occludin, while 80-160mg Zn/kg ZnO-QD supplementation up-regulated (P < 0.05) Claudin-2 expression in the jejunum. In conclusion, dietary ZnO-QD supplementation improved growth performance of broilers potentially by enhancing their intestinal health status. Based on nonlinear regression analysis, the appropriate level of ZnO-QD supplementation would be from 98.2 to 102.5mg Zn/kg.

Comparison of Three Tracheal Intubation Procedures Using Personal Protective Equipment, Direct and Video Laryngoscopes: An Open, Randomized, Parallel Clinical Trial

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, severe respiratory failure is a life-threatening condition, and life-saving tracheal intubation is a high-risk aerosol- and droplet-generating procedure. It is crucial to protect healthcare workers without compromising patient safety during intubation. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and different types of laryngoscopes are measures to reduce the risk of infectious transmission that might impact the intubation process. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of PPE and types of laryngoscopes on the duration of the intubation process and its success rate. Methods: We conducted an open, randomized, parallel clinical trial on non-COVID-19 adult patients scheduled for elective and emergency surgeries under general anesthesia from November 2021 to May 2022. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 was intubated using a video-guided laryngoscope with operators wearing level three PPE; group 2 was intubated using a direct laryngoscope with operators wearing level three PPE; and group 3 was intubated using a direct laryngoscope with operators wearing level two PPE. Intubation was performed by 2nd- and 3rd-year anesthesia residents. Results: The duration of intubation varied significantly among the groups, with Group 1 taking the longest time (P = 0.046). Group 3 had a higher success rate for first-attempt intubation (P = 0.056). Conclusions: The use of PPE and video-guided laryngoscopy had varying effects on the intubation procedure, with the most notable impact being on the overall length of intubation. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to validate these findings.

Effect of fortified pine needle biochar on green fodder yield, nutrient uptake of oat and soil properties

In the Himalayan region, the low green fodder supply to livestock necessitates agronomic interventions, including the use of fortified pine needle biochar, a viable option for slow-release nutrients, to enhance fodder oat production, improve soil health, and safely manage the abundant pine needles that pose a fire risk. In a greenhouse study, the effect of different levels of pine needle biochar (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.11 and 0.22 % of soil weight) fortified with 0, 75 and 100 % of the recommended dose of fertiliser (RDF, 80 kg N: 60 kg P2O5: 40 kg K2O ha−1) was examined on the green fodder yield, nutrient concentration and uptake of oat, and general soil properties and extractable nutrients. Application of 0.02 % biochar fortified with 75 % RDF gave a fodder yield (56.9 g pot−1) which was 46.6 percent higher than the control (38.8 g pot−1) but statistically similar to the yield with 100 % RDF alone (54.9 g pot−1). The highest fodder yield (72.0 g pot−1) was recorded with 0.22 % biochar fortified with 100 % RDF. Higher doses of biochar without fortification decreased the N concentration but increased the K concentration and brought no significant change in P concentration in the fodder oat. Biochar fortified with 75 and 100 % RDF enhanced the uptake of N, P, and K by fodder oat. The moderate levels of biochar (0.02 and 0.04 %) fortified with 75 % RDF and all levels of biochar fortified with 100 % RDF decreased soil pH while higher levels of biochar fortified with 100 % RDF increased soil EC and organic C. The treatments receiving the highest level of biochar addition (0.22 %) with 0 % RDF, 0.11 and 0.22 % biochar fortified with 75 % RDF and all levels of biochar fortified with 100 % RDF significantly increased soil extractable N, P and K after crop harvest except for K under 0.22 % biochar fortified with 100 % RDF. Pine needle biochar fortified with RDF helped to achieve higher oat fodder production and maintain soil fertility than solo application of biochar or chemical fertilisers.

Effects of Sophora flavescens dietary supplementation on the growth performance, haematological indices, and intestinal bacterial community of Oreochromis niloticus.

Sophora flavescens is considered to be of various medicinal and economic importance. Previous studies have shown that it has antibacterial, antioxidant, and immune-enhancing functions. To explore the full potential of S. flavescens in fish feed development, we investigated the effects of different levels of S. flavescens added to the diet on the growth performance, haematological indices, and the intestinal bacterial community of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feeding trial lasted for 56 days, and the initial weight of the fish was 40.00 ± 5.00 g. Nile tilapia were randomly divided into six groups: a control group (CN) and five S. flavescens supplementation groups (0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, 0.16%, and 0.3% [w/w] of S. flavescens in diet). The growth performance of fish increased first and then decreased with the increase of S. flavescens supplemental level. Compared with other experimental groups, the growth performance of fish supplemented with 0.08% S. flavescens was significantly improved (p < 0.05). Haematological indices exhibited that erythrocyte (RBC), along with leucocyte (WBC) indices, exhibited a secondary trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of S. flavescens, reaching the highest level at 0.08% (p < 0.05). However, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) exhibited a secondary trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of S. flavescens and reached the lowest value at 0.08% (p < 0.05). Compared with the CN, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) significantly decreased and changed when the additional amount of S. flavescens was 0.04% in each treatment group (p < 0.05). In another way, the gut microbial profiles revealed that Bacteroides dominated the gut communities, and compared with the control group, two uncultured bacteria were suppressed. In addition, when the supplemental level of S. flavescens was more significant than 0.04%, the proliferation of Arcobacter cryaerophilus, Solibacillus silvestris, and Escherichia sp. in the gut of Nile tilapia was promoted. The results revealed that S. flavescens, as an additive to the Nile tilapia diet with levels ranging from 0.04% to 0.08%, can enhance the growth performance and immunity and promote the proliferation of intestinal beneficial bacteria of Nile tilapia.

Risk level and removal performance of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial pathogens in static composting with different temperatures

The effect of different levels of temperature on resistance genes is not clear in mesophilic static composting (<50 °C). This study conducted livestock manure composting with different temperature gradients from 20 to 50 °C, it was found that the reduction rates of risk rank-I antibiotic resistance genes (from 3 % to 66 %), metal resistance genes (from −50 % to 76 %) and bacterial pathogens (from 72 % to 91 %) all increased significantly with increasing temperature from 20 to 50°C. The vulnerability of bacterial communities increased significantly, and the assembly process of bacterial communities changed from deterministic to stochastic with the increase of composting temperature. Higher temperature could accelerate the removal of thermolabile resistance genes hosts or pathogenic hosts carrying mobile genetic elements by directly or indirectly affecting organic acids content. Therefore, for soil safety, the temperature of the manure recycling process should be increased as much as possible.

PSXI-15 Effect of different levels of dry distillers bran plus solubles on performance of Nellore bulls finished on pasture receiving high supplementation

PSXI-15 Effect of different levels of dry distillers bran plus solubles on performance of Nellore bulls finished on pasture receiving high supplementation

The effect of different levels of systolic blood pressure control on new-onset chronic kidney disease in hypertension multimorbidity

To explore the effect of different levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) control on new-onset chronic kidney disease in hypertension multimorbidity. The hypertensive patients with multimorbidity information were enrolled from the Kailuan Study. The isolated hypertension patients undergoing physical examination during the same period were selected in a 1:1 ratio as control. Finally, 12,897 participants were divided into six groups: Group SBP < 110 mmHg, Group 110 ≤ SBP < 120 mmHg, Group 120 ≤ SBP < 130 mmHg, Group 130 ≤ SBP < 140 mmHg, Group 140 ≤ SBP < 160 mmHg and Group SBP ≥ 160 mmHg. The outcomes were new-onset CKD, new onset proteinuria, decline in eGFR and high or very high risk of CKD. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the hazard ratios (HRs) of the outcomes among SBP levels. When 110 ≤ SBP < 120 mmHg, the incidence density of new-onset CKD, new onset proteinuria and decline in eGFR were 59.54, 20.23 and 29.96 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Compared to this group, the HR (95% CI) values for the risk of new-onset CKD from Group SBP < 110 mmHg to Group SBP ≥ 160 mmHg were 1.03 (0.81–1.32), 1.04 (0.91–1.19), 1.09 (0.95–1.16), 1.16 (1.02–1.21) and 1.18 (1.04–1.24), respectively. For patients over 65 years old, the risks of outcomes were increased when SBP < 120 mmHg. The lowest HR of high or very high risk of CKD for participants with or without multimorbidity occurred when 120 ≤ SBP < 130 mmHg. The HR of new-onset CKD in hypertension multimorbidity was lowest at 110–120 mmHg. The optimal SBP level was between 120 and 130 mmHg for individuals with high or very high risk of CKD. For patients over 65 years old, the low limit of target BP is advised to be not lower than 120 mmHg.

Alteration of growth performance, glycolipid metabolism, and bone characteristics of broiler chickens in response to different inclusion levels of dietary wheat.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of wheat inclusion on growth performance, glycolipid metabolism, and tibial properties of broiler chickens. A total of 480 1-d-old male broiler chickens were initially fed identical starter diets until d 10. Subsequently, they were divided into 3 treatments consisting of 8 replicates with 20 birds per replicate, i.e., 1) low-level wheat addition group, with wheat ratios of 15% and 25% during the grower and finisher periods, respectively; 2) medium-level wheat inclusion group, incorporating 30% and 40% wheat in the grower and finisher diets, respectively; and 3) high-level wheat addition group, containing 55.8% and 62.4% wheat in the grower and finisher diets, until d 39. When compared to the low- and medium-level wheat diet, the high-level wheat inclusion in the diet increased feed intake and reduced the feed conversion ratio (both p<0.01), which was accompanied by a longer jejunum (p=0.031). Meanwhile, the high-level addition of wheat displayed a decreased abundance of Ruminococcin, Bacteroidetes, and Lactobacillus than the low-wheat group. With the increase of the proportion of wheat treatment, the contents of cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were elevated in serum, whereas the concentration of serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen, a bone resorption marker, was decreased. In addition, the diet with medium and high levels of wheat improved the yield load of tibia, along with comparable bone dimension and weight. The medium- and high-level wheat additions increased serum glycolipid deposition and enhanced tibial mechanical properties, whereas the high-level wheat diet compromised the growth performance of broiler chickens, which might be associated with the alteration of gut microbiota.

Increasing participation in resistance training using outdoor gyms: A study protocol for the ecofit type III hybrid effectiveness implementation trial

BackgroundIn this paper we outline the protocol for an implementation-effectiveness trial of ecofit, a multi-component mHealth intervention aimed at increasing participation in resistance and aerobic physical activity using the outdoor built environment (i.e., outdoor gyms) and social support. We have previously demonstrated the efficacy and effectiveness of the ecofit program in insufficiently active people with (or at risk of) type 2 diabetes and community-dwelling adults, respectively. The objective of this trial is to compare the effects of two implementation support models (i.e., ‘Low’ versus ‘Moderate’) on the reach (primary outcome), uptake, dose received, impact and fidelity of the ecofit program. Research design and methodsThis hybrid type III implementation-effectiveness study will be evaluated using a two-arm randomized controlled trial, including 16 outdoor gym locations in two large regional municipalities in New South Wales, Australia. Outdoor gym locations will be pair-matched, based on an established socio-economic status consensus-based index (high versus low), and randomized to the ‘Low’ (i.e., ecofit app only) or ‘Moderate’ (i.e., ecofit app, face-to-face workout sessions and QR codes) implementation support group. The primary outcome of ‘reach’ will be measured using a modified version of the ‘System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities’, capturing outdoor gym use amongst community members. ConclusionThis implementation-effectiveness trial will evaluate the effects of different levels of implementation support on participation in resistance-focused physical activity using mHealth and outdoor gyms across the broader community. This may guide widespread dissemination for councils (municipalities) nation-wide wanting to promote outdoor gym usage. Trial registryThis trial was preregistered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12624000261516).

DIETARY EFFECTS OF TULSI LEAVES AND BLACK PEPPER EXTRACT ON BROILER GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of the dietary effect of different levels of Tulsi leaves (Ocimum sanctum) and Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) Extract (TBE) on growth performance and carcass traits of commercial broiler. The study was conducted at the Poultry farm of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the period from 11 April to 08 May, 2019. A total of 96 day old broiler chicks (Lohman Meat) were randomly and equally distributed to 4 groups having 3 replicates of 8 birds each. The birds were grouped as T0, T1, T2 and T3 group with normal water (control group), 1% TBE 1ml /L of drinking water, 2% TBE 2 ml/L of drinking water and 3% TBE 3ml /L of drinking water, respectively. Body weight gains, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), mortality (%) and meat yield traits were recorded. The collected data were analyzed by using ANOVA with SPSS version 22. Feed intake (g/bird) was almost similar (P&gt;0.05) among the dietary treatment groups. Body weight gain (g) and FCR were significantly (P&lt;0.05) differed among the dietary treatment groups. The highest body weight gain (g) was significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in T2 (1659.35g±2.19), followed by T1 (1631.05g±2.52), T3 (1590.67g±2.73) and T0 (1472.01g±4.58), respectively. The lowest FCR was found in T2 (1.41±0.00) and the highest FCR in T0 (1.52±0.01), the intermediate in T1 (1.45±0.01) and T3 (1.46±0.01), respectively. It was found that there was significant (P&lt;0.05) difference among the dietary treatment groups in case of live weight (g), carcass weight (g),dressing percentage (%), breast weight (g), liver weight(g), but there was almost similar (P&gt;0.05) among the dietary treatment groups in case of heart weight (g), spleen weight (g), gizzard weight (g), thigh weight (%), head weight (g), intestine weight (g) and shank weight (g). The carcass meat weight, Carcass yield (%), breast weight and breast meat weight (%) was significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in treatment T2 group compared to control group T0. Liver weight was significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in control group T0 compared to treatment group T2. No mortality was found among the dietary treatment groups during experimental period. Based on the result it could be concluded that 2% Tulsi leaves and Black Pepper Extract (TBE) 2 ml/L of drinking water may be used in broiler diet as growth promoter and it may also serve as an antioxidant.

Effects of supplementing a feedlot diet with microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality of lambs

This study evaluated the effect of different levels of fresh microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) in a feedlot diet on the performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of lambs. Forty-five, four-month-old wether lambs were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: 1) CONTROL, without algae; 2) MEDIUM, with 0.5 % dry matter (DM) algae; or 3) HIGH, with 1 % DM algae added to a basal diet consisting of barley hay and commercial feedlot pellets in a 41:59 ratio. The lambs were fed for 98 days and then slaughtered. Microalgae supplementation did not affect (P ≥ 0.09) growth performance, wool quality, rumen fermentation parameters, carcass weight, dressing percentage, or subcutaneous fat thickness of the lambs. However, microalgae supplementation at 0.5 % DM increased (P ≤ 0.05) the concentration of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; C18:3n-3), arachidic acid (C20:0), and total omega-3 long-chain (n-3 LC) fatty acids in the longissimus lumborum et thoracis (LTL) muscle of lambs, compared to the CONTROL. Intramuscular fat (%) was similar between the CONTROL and the MEDIUM group (av. 3.65 %), but was lower (P = 0.044) in the HIGH group (3.1 %). Therefore, our results indicate that adding 0.5 % DM microalgae to lamb diets can increase the levels of alpha-linolenic acid and total n-3 LC PUFA in fresh lamb meat without affecting lamb performance or carcass characteristics.

Effects of allicin supplementation on the growth performance, biochemical composition and immune responses of ivory shell (Babylonia areolata)

In the present study, the effects of different levels of allicin supplementation (0.00 % as control, 0.30 %, 0.45 %, 0.60 %, 0.75 %, and 0.90 %) on the growth performance, biochemical composition and immune capacity of ivory shells (Babylonia areolata) were investigated. Allicin supplementation in the daily diet significantly enhanced growth performance, with the highest specific growth rates observed at concentrations ranging from 0.75 % to 0.90 % (2.18–2.20 %/d), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.39) recorded at 0.60 %. Correspondingly, mRNA expression levels of two appetite-related genes, Orexin and Neuropeptide Y (NPY), in the hepatopancreas significantly increased, while the expression of the appetite-suppressing gene Leptin significantly decreased with increasing allicin supplementation. The amounts of almost all detected fatty acids significantly increased when ivory shells were fed diets supplemented with allicin, while their profiles varied, showing increases in C20:1n9 and C22:6n3 (DHA), and decreases in C16:0, C18:2n6, and C20:4n6 (ARA). Lipase activities in both the intestine and hepatopancreas significantly increased in the allicin-supplemented groups, with peak values observed at 0.90 % and 0.75 % allicin supplementation, respectively (3.64 U/g prot in the intestine and 9.52 U/g prot in the hepatopancreas). Allicin supplementation improved the antioxidant and antimicrobial abilities of ivory shells, leading to increased activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lysozyme in the hepatopancreas, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Similar trends were observed in mRNA levels of SOD, CAT and lysozyme genes. In conclusion, moderate allicin supplementation in artificial diets (approximately 0.75 %-0.90 %) can significantly enhance growth performance, increase muscle lipid content, and boost immune capabilities of ivory shells.

Effect of Feeding Processed Soybean Meal on Broiler’s Performance, Immune response, carcass characteristics, Intestinal Morphology and Blood Parameters

This study aimed to assess the effect of different levels of processed soybean meal (PSBM) on growth performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology, cecal bacterial count, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters of broilers. A total of 560 Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned into seven groups. The control group received a basal diet containing a standard soybean meal. The groups S1, G1, and F1 received diets containing 2.5% of PSBM at the starter, growing, and finishing periods, while S2, G2, and F2 groups have received diets containing 5% of PSBM. The results showed that the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly better in the groups fed the diet containing 5% PSBM than in others. A significant decrease was observed in the pancreatic parameters of the G2 and F2 groups compared to the control. Additionally, PSBM replacement did not affect the villus length of all intestinal regions (p&gt;0.05). Nevertheless, increasing dietary PSBM content has reduced intestinal goblet cell number (p

Effect of Different Levels of Farmyard Manure (FYM) Integrated with Organic Modules on Yield, Quality and Pest Incidence of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

The study was conducted during late Kharif season during 2021-22 and 2022-23 at administrative office (PGIHS), Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Mulugu, Telangana, India. The experiment was laid out in contrast factorial randomized block design (CFRBD) with two factors i.e., factor-1 consists of three levels of FYM and factor-2 consists of three organic modules and separate control (100% RDF) plot was grown and replicated thrice. The pooled results indicated that, control treatment (100 % RDF-100:50:50 kg NPK/ha) reported highest number of fruits per plant (19.05), highest fruit weight (14.72 g), maximum fruit yield per plant (0.28 kg), maximum fruit yield per hectare (9.52 t/ha) over the other treatments. L1M1 (FYM equivalent to 100 % RDN + organic module-1) registered minimum crude fibre content (7.10%), and maximum chlorophyll content in fresh fruit (1.19 mg/100g). While, minimum mean percent of fruit infestation (6.28%) was reported with control (100% RDF-100:50:50kg NPK/ha + emamectin benzoate 5%SG @ 70 g/200 lit) and lowest mean population of jassid per leaf (1.08/leaf), was recorded with control (100 % RDF-100:50:50 kg NPK/ha + imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 100 ml/acre).

Effect of different levels of irrigation and NPK and S fertigation on NPK and S Content (%) and Uptake (kg ha-1) of onion

Effect of different levels of irrigation and NPK and S fertigation on NPK and S Content (%) and Uptake (kg ha-1) of onion