Effects Of Self Research Articles

Effect of Self Curing Agents on Mechanical Properties of Concrete

Effect of Self Curing Agents on Mechanical Properties of Concrete

The Effect of Self and Peer Feedback: Learner Autonomy in High School Writing Classes

The Effect of Self and Peer Feedback: Learner Autonomy in High School Writing Classes

A moderated mediation model of CSR and organizational attractiveness among job applicants

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of perceived overall justice and the moderating effect of self- and other-centered motives in the relationship between organizational corporate social responsibility (CSR) and organizational attractiveness using a sample of job applicants.Design/methodology/approach– The hypotheses were tested using a 2-by-2 experimental design and a sample of 376 South Korean University students.Findings– The results showed that organizational CSR positively influenced job applicants’ perceived overall justice. Moreover, it was found that perceived overall justice mediated the influence of CSR on organizational attractiveness. However, contrary to the hypotheses, the indirect effect of CSR on organizational attractiveness through perceived overall justice was significant only for job applicants who attributed self-centered motives to CSR.Practical implications– As it was found that job applicants who attributed other-centered motives to organizational CSR had high levels of perceived overall justice regarding organizations, independent of the actual level of engagement in CSR, it is crucial that organizations show sincerity in executing CSR. In addition, small- and medium-sized organizations may not have sufficient resources for CSR, but it is especially crucial for them to focus on CSR activities that are aligned with their business, implement CSR programs consistently, and focus on CSR itself rather than on advertising in order to facilitate, among job applicants, the attribution of other-centered motives to their CSR.Originality/value– From the perspective of overall justice and attributed motives, this study intensively explores the internal mechanism by which organizational engagement in CSR influences organizational attractiveness among job applicants. In practical terms, this study shows that it is important for organizations to consistently invest in CSR with authenticity, even when CSR activities are insubstantial and doing so may be attributed to self-centered motives. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

Perceived similarity in emotional reaction profiles between the self and a close other as a predictor of emotional well-being

Individuals’ reaction tendencies in emotional situations may influence their social relationships. In two studies, we examined whether perceived similarity in emotional reaction tendencies between the self and a close other was associated with individuals’ emotional well-being. Participants rated how the self and a close other (mother in Study 1; a self-nominated close other in Study 2) would react in various situations. Individuals who perceived greater similarity between the self and the close other reported more positive affect, less negative affect, lower perceived stress, and higher life satisfaction than those who perceived less self–other similarity. Furthermore, stress exposure moderated the effects of self–other similarity on perceived stress. In summary, greater perceived similarity with one’s close others seems beneficial for social–emotional adaptation.

Negative mood disrupts self- and reward-biases in perceptual matching.

There are established effects of self- and reward-biases even on simple perceptual matching tasks [Sui, J., He, X., & Humphreys, G. W. (2012). Perceptual effects of social salience: Evidence from self-prioritization effects on perceptual matching. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Human Perception and Performance, 38, 1105-1117]; however we know little about whether these biases can be modulated by particular interventions, and whether the biases then change in the same way. Here we assessed how the biases alter under conditions designed to induce negative mood. We had participants read a list of self-related negative or neutral mood statements [Velten, E. (1968). A laboratory task for induction of mood states. Behavior Research and Therapy, 6, 473-482] and also listen for 10 min to a passage of negative or neutral music, prior to carrying out perceptual matching with shapes associated to personal labels (self or stranger) or reward (£12 or £1). Responses to the self- and high-reward-associated shapes were selectively slower and less sensitive (d') following the negative mood induction procedures, and the decrease in mood correlated with decreases in the reaction time bias across "high saliency" (self and high-reward) stimuli. We suggest that negative mood may decrease self- and reward-biases through reducing attention to salient external stimuli.

Differential effects of self- and situation-focused reappraisal.

In the present research, we investigated the effects of self- and situation-focused reappraisal, which are 2 distinct types of cognitive reappraisal, on emotion experiences, memory, and electrocortical responses to unpleasant pictures. In Study 1, situation-focused reappraisal was found to improve recall accuracy, whereas self-focused reappraisal had no effect. Both strategy types were associated with reductions in self-reported negative emotion, with larger reductions during situation-focused reappraisal. In Study 2, event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured while participants engaged in the 2 strategy types. Situation-focused, but not self-focused, reappraisal was associated with reductions in the late positive potential, an ERP that reflects facilitated attention to emotional stimuli. Taken together, these findings suggest that reappraisal is not a homogenous regulation strategy; on the contrary, subtypes of reappraisal elicit distinct consequence profiles. (PsycINFO Database Record

The Influence of Career Barriers on College Students Majoring in Culinary Arts on Career Preparation Behavior - The Moderating Effect of Self - efficacy -

The Influence of Career Barriers on College Students Majoring in Culinary Arts on Career Preparation Behavior - The Moderating Effect of Self - efficacy -

The Influence of Career Barriers on College Students Majoring in Culinary Arts on Career Preparation Behavior - The Moderating Effect of Self - efficacy -

The Influence of Career Barriers on College Students Majoring in Culinary Arts on Career Preparation Behavior - The Moderating Effect of Self - efficacy -

The Effects of Self- and Peer-assessment on Iranian EFL Learners' Argumentative Writing Performance

Alternative assessments have increasingly gained attention in L2 writing. One of the areas of research which has received much attention in the literature of ELT is the use of self- and peer-assessments and their effects on developing the writing ability of ESL/EFL learners. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of self- and peer-assessments on the argumentative writing performance of intermediate Iranian EFL learners. For this purpose, 36 intermediate EFL students were selected and homogenized based on the results of Oxford Quick Placement Test and an argumentative writing which served as the pre-test of this study. They were then randomly assigned into control and experimental groups to receive different treatments. The compositions of participants in the control group were assessed using traditional teacher-assessment while for the experimental group, self- and peer-assessments were used writing assessment. The results of post-test indicated that the use of self- and peer-assessments significantly affected the writing ability of the learners. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that using alternative assessments for Iranian EFL students could be helpful in overcoming some of their argumentative writing difficulties. The results of this study have clear implications for both learners and teachers and other stakeholders of ELT. They can use these alternative assessments as a learning opportunity to lower the anxiety and improve the argumentative writing skill of the students. s, but they were permanently different in illocutionary acts. Finally, in terms of perlocutionary acts, the candidates were mostly intended to get the hearers know by their assertion, explanation, clarification, argumentation, etc.

Differentiation between two self-compatible cytotypes of Herbertia lahue (Iridaceae): evidence from genotypic and phenotypic variation

The polyploid species Herbertia lahue (Molina) Goldblatt is widespread in the grassland areas of southern America. In this study, genotypic and phenotypic variations among hexaploids and octoploids from H. lahue were assessed based on quantitative floral traits and ISSR markers. Additionally, gynoecium and breeding systems were analysed through anatomical analysis and hand-pollination experiments. Cytotypes are self-compatible, and the anatomy of the embryo sac remains similar in hexaploids and octoploids. AMOVA indicates that hexaploid populations are less genetically variable than octoploids (respectively 4 and 22 %, P < 0.001), thus the largest source of genetic variation for H. lahue lies among populations (82 %, P < 0.001), probably a combined effect of selfing, changes in population size, and local adaptation. Genetic variation between cytotypes was significant (16 %, P < 0.001), though unclear segregation among cytotypes was discovered through PCoA. A Mantel test indicated no relationship between geographic and genetic distances (r = 0.04; P = 0.37), possibly as a result of the combined effect of the recurrent origin of polyploids, gene flow restricted by selfing, and poor capacity for seed dispersal. In terms of floral measurements, eight measures of perigonium, androecium, and gynoecium varied significantly between cytotypes, though no clear grouping was defined by PCA. Presumably, complex variation in floral characters across cytotypes may result in the absence of distinct grouping by PCA. The combined use of ISSR markers and morphological characters revealed a complex relationship between H. lahue cytotypes shaped by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

Effect of inbreeding on pollen tube growth in diploid and tetraploid Chamerion angustifolium: Do polyploids mask mutational load in pollen?

Deleterious recessive mutations are an important determinant of fitness (mutational load) in the sporophytic phase of plants and a major cause of inbreeding depression; however, their role in gametophyte function is less well documented but may account for variation in pollen tube growth and siring ability, especially between diploid and polyploid plants, which can mask the load. We investigated the role of mutational load in pollen performance using the perennial polyploid Chamerion angustifolium by comparing tube growth of pollen, in styles and in growth medium, from inbred (selfed) and outbred diploids to that of inbred and outbred tetraploids. Pollen from tetraploids is expected to mask deleterious mutations more effectively in the outbred condition but reveal them after inbreeding. In contrast, gametophytes from diploids should express the same genetic load in inbred or outbred plants. Pollen tube growth measured in growth medium was highest in outbred tetraploids and generally lower in inbred than outbred plants. The effect of selfing was significant in pollen from tetraploids but not diploids. The differential effect of selfing was also evident in the proportion of pollen reaching the base of styles, but the ploidy × pollination interaction was not significant. Selfing also had a negative effect on sporophyte fitness but was greater in diploids than tetraploids. Pollen performance is influenced by the expression of mutational load, which is masked in polyploids. This effect may partly explain strong siring success of tetraploids in this species.

The Effect of Self- Management Training on Performance of Elderly Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

The Effect of Self- Management Training on Performance of Elderly Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Mechanism of Light Chain Amyloid Fibril Formation: Seeding-Nucleation and Polymerization Amyloid Formation and the Cross-Seeding Phenomenon

Amyloid fibril formation has been described as a nucleation-polymerization reaction, whose sigmoidal kinetics is characteristic of an auto-catalytic reaction. Nascent fibrils or “nuclei” catalyze the formation of new fibrils via a positive feedback. In addition, fragments of preformed fibrils (self-seeding) can accelerate fibril formation; fibrils of proteins with different sequence (cross-seeding) are able to accelerate fibril formation, albeit with a lower efficiency. In this work, we have investigated the early events in the AL amyloid fibril formation pathway -the recruiting and addition of monomer to nascent fibrils- by dissecting the process into the nucleation and elongation process via self- and cross seeding experiments. We have tested the effect of self- and cross-seeding on the kinetics of fibril formation of five AL proteins, with a broad range of protein stabilities and amyloidogenic properties. Our data reveals that in the presence of seeds, the amyloid formation reactions become less stochastic compared to non-seeded reactions. Interestingly, the most amyloidogenic proteins showed little effects over the fibril formation kinetics. In contrast, the less amyloidogenic proteins presented a differential effect dependent of the seed used. Also, the non-amyloidogenic control has a poor efficiency in the elongation phase with homologous and heterologous seeds. Together, these results indicate that the fibril formation reaction is kinetically determined by the availability of amyloidogenic “nuclei”, and is modulated by the differential ability of proteins to elongate fibrils, while still following the same pathway and yielding the same fibril morphology.

Investigating the Effect of Self-, Peer-, and Teacher Assessment in Second Language Writing over Time: A Multifaceted Rasch Approach

This study investigated the accuracy of scores assigned by self-, peer-, and teacher assessors over time. Thirty-three English majors who were taking paragraph development course at Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan and two instructors who had been teaching essay writing for at least two years at university, participated in the study. After receiving instructions on paragraph development, participants were trained for a session on how to rate the paragraphs. For three sessions the students were given topics to write about and were asked to rate their own and one of their peers’ papers for mechanics, grammar and choice of words, content development, and organization. The teachers also rated the paragraphs according to the same criteria. Multifaceted Rasch measurement was employed to analyze the data. The results showed different patterns of performance for the subjects rated by different raters at the beginning of the experiment. However, rater bias showed significant decrease across time. The results of the study have useful implications for language teachers especially in portfolio assessment where self and peer assessment provide invaluable help.

The Differential Effects of Self and Other Comparisons on Price Fairness Perceptions Depending on Power States

The Differential Effects of Self and Other Comparisons on Price Fairness Perceptions Depending on Power States

The importance of autonomous selfing in preventing hybridization in three closely related plant species

Summary In plants that are able to self‐fertilize, autonomous selfing has been hypothesized to function as an effective mechanism that prevents heterospecific mating. However, there have only been few studies that have assessed the relative and absolute contribution of different modes of selfing to total reproductive isolation acting between species. Because selfing can be expected to increase fitness costs when offspring are sired from more outcrossing sister taxa, it can be hypothesized that the contribution of post‐zygotic barriers to total reproductive isolation becomes stronger in selfing than in more outcrossing relatives. To assess the efficiency of different modes of selfing against heterospecific mating, we conducted mixed‐pollination experiments in three Centaurium species showing strong differences in mating system (i.e. delayed selfing in Centaurium erythraea, competing selfing in C. littorale and prior selfing in C. pulchellum). The contribution of selfing to total reproductive isolation was further examined by quantifying the strength of three pre‐zygotic (flowering phenology, pollinator fidelity and pollen production) and four intrinsic post‐zygotic (seed set and germination, survival and flowering capacity) barriers for each of the six species pair combinations. Although autonomous selfing as a reproductive barrier was unable to completely impede gene flow, its efficiency as a mechanism to prevents heterospecific pollination strongly depended on the mode of selfing, with prior selfing being by far the most efficient mechanism and delayed selfing only offering a limited protection against hybrid fertilization at the end of a flower's lifetime. Apart from the prevention effect of selfing, differences in pollinator fidelity and pollen production also contributed substantially to total reproductive isolation. Post‐zygotic hybrid costs were high and most prevalent for seed production and germination success. Reductions in hybrid vigour were significantly associated with the mating system of the maternal species, with the highest reductions in the most selfing C. pulchellum and the lowest reductions in predominant outcrossing C. erythraea. Synthesis. Our findings indicate that selfing may prevent species from interspecific gene flow and hybridization. The association between the capacity to self‐autonomously and hybrid vigour further suggests that selfing may foster post‐zygotic costs following hybridization.

社会经济地位与群际威胁感—自尊的中介效应

探讨社会经济地位，个体自尊与群际威胁的关系，以及自尊对二者之间关系的中介效应。方法：本研究使用《罗森伯格自尊量表》(self-esteem scale, SES)、《社会经济地位调查问卷》和《现实威胁量表》，在重庆市西南大学回收有效问卷399份。结果：个体的社会经济地位与现实威胁正相关，且自尊在其中的中介作用显著。 To investigate the relationship between personal socio-economic status and perceived inter- group threat, and the mediating role of self-esteem between them, we surveyed 399 undergraduate students in Southwest University with Self-Esteem Scale, Socio-Economic Status Questionnaire and Realistic Group Threat Scale. The results showed that personal socio-economic status is positively related to perceived realistic group threat and the mediating effect of self- esteem between personal socio-economic status and perceived realsitic group threat is significant.

The contingences of the relationship between self-affirmation and unethical behavior

Self-affirmation has been shown to be an effective psychological intervention that reduces people’s defensive attitudes and motivation under identity threat. However, scholars have also found the “dark side” of self-affirmation recently. Drawing on social-cognitive theory and self-affirmation theory, we suggest the types of identity under threat determine whether affirming alternative identity resources would lead to more or less unethical behaviors. Specifically, we argue that self-affirmation would lead to more unethical behaviors when people’s competency identity was threatened, while self- affirmation would lead to less unethical behaviors when their impression identity was threatened. In addition, we also highlight people’s risk preference as one affirming resource that accelerates the effects of self- affirmation. Two experiments’ results support our arguments and show that the type of threatened identities and risk preference interactively moderate the relationship between self-affirmation and unet...

Nonlinear Dynamics of a Toxin-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton System with Self- and Cross-Diffusion

A nonlinear system describing the interaction between toxin-producing phytoplankton and zooplankton was investigated analytically and numerically, where the system was represented by a couple of reaction-diffusion equations. We analyzed the effect of self- and cross-diffusion on the system. Some conditions for the local and global stability of the equilibrium were obtained based on the theoretical analysis. Furthermore, we found that the equilibrium lost its stability via Turing instability and patterns formation then occurred. In particular, the analysis indicated that cross-diffusion can play an important role in pattern formation. Subsequently, we performed a series of numerical simulations to further study the dynamics of the system, which demonstrated the rich dynamics induced by diffusion in the system. In addition, the numerical simulations indicated that the direction of cross-diffusion can influence the spatial distribution of the population and the population density. The numerical results agreed with the theoretical analysis. We hope that these results will prove useful in the study of toxic plankton systems.

Second harmonic generation by self-focusing of intense hollow Gaussian laser beam in collisionless plasma

The effect of self focused hollow Gaussian laser beam (HGLB) (carrying null intensity in center) on the excitation of electron plasma wave (EPW) and second harmonic generation (SHG) has been investigated in collisionless plasma, where relativistic-ponderomotive and only relativistic nonlinearities are operative. The relativistic change of electron mass and the modification of the background electron density due to ponderomotive nonlinearity lead to self-focusing of HGLB in plasma. Paraxial ray theory has been used to derive coupled equations for the self focusing of HGLB in plasma, generation of EPW, and second harmonic. These coupled equations are solved analytically and numerically to study the laser intensity in the plasma, electric field associated with the excited EPW, and the power of SHG. Second harmonic emission is generated due to nonlinear coupling between incident HGLB and EPW satisfying the proper phase matching conditions. The results show that the effect of including the ponderomotive nonlinearity is significant on the generation of EPW and second harmonic. The electric field associated with EPW and the power of SHG are found to be highly sensitive to the order of the hollow Gaussian beam.