Effective Health Promotion Programs Research Articles

Encuentro: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Outcomes of a Culturally Tailored Teen-Parent Health Promotion Program.

The growth of the Latino youth population, combined with the reality that many Latino adolescents live in environments characterized by social disparities, reveals a compelling need to address health inequalities affecting Latinos through effective health promotion programs designed by and for this population. This article presents findings from a pilot study of Encuentro, a health promotion program for young Latino teens and their parents. Developed by a community-university partnership, Encuentro aims to bolster internal assets, familial and cultural supports for young teens' positive development, and healthy sexual decision making and behaviors. Encuentro was pilot tested with 49 Latino families at 3 community sites in Minneapolis/St. Paul. Families were assigned to a program group or a control group. Pilot study findings confirm program feasibility and acceptability. Compared to the control group, program group youth reported substantially more involvement in activities celebrating Latino culture, and greater communication with their parents about sexual health topics. Parents in the program group reported greater ethnic pride, engaging in more activities to share Latino values and traditions with their teens, greater communication with their teens about sexual health topics, and increased parental monitoring than did parents in the control group. Findings demonstrate the potential of the Encuentro program.

Applying Psychological Theories to Promote Long-Term Maintenance of Health Behaviors.

Behavioral health theory provides a framework for researchers to design, implement, and evaluate the effects of health promotion programs. However, limited research has examined theories used in interventions to promote long-term maintenance of health behaviors. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the available literature and identify prominent behavioral health theories used in intervention research to promote maintenance of health behaviors. We reviewed theories used in intervention research assessing long-term maintenance (≥ 6 months post-intervention) of physical activity, weight loss, and smoking cessation. Five prominent behavioral theories were referenced by the 34 studies included in the review: Self-Determination Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, Transtheoretical Model, and Social Ecological Model. Descriptions and examples of applications of these theories are provided. Implications for future research are discussed.

Abstract 170: Weight Changes 1 Year beyond Completion of a 12 month Workplace-Based Intensive Lifestyle Modification Program: The My Unlimited Potential

Introduction: To date, there is paucity of evidence describing the long-term effects of health promotion programs in the workplace. In the current study, we present weight changes over 2 years of follow-up after participation in a 12-month lifestyle improvement program (My Unlimited Potential, [MyUP]) among high metabolic risk employees of Baptist Heath South Florida. Methods: The MyUP program is a 1 year lifestyle improvement program with an initial intensive phase of 12 weeks, and subsequent monthly checks up to 12 months from commencement of the program. To assess weight changes beyond one year, data from participants who began the program in 2011 and 2012 and subsequently participated in a voluntary health risk assessment (HRA) in 2013 and 2014 was analyzed. We excluded follow-up data less than 18 months or more than 3 years, as well as participants who did not complete the 12-week intensive phase. Baseline weight was measured at the beginning of the MyUP in each participant and follow-up weight was obtained via the HRA. Results: There were 138 participants with follow-up data, with a median follow-up of 25 months (range 22-27months). At baseline, the mean weight was 212.4 ± 45.1 lbs. At follow-up, mean weight change (in lbs) from baseline was -1.9 (95%CI: -4.1, 0.4). By contrast, there was a mean weight reduction from baseline to 1 yr prior to the end of follow-up was 9.8 lbs, with an average weight increase of 8 lbs in the 12 month period prior to the end of follow-up. At the end of follow-up, 18% achieved ≥ 5% weight loss from baseline, compared to 46% a year preceding the follow-up date. Completing the 12 month period of program was not associated with achieving ≥5% weight loss at 2 years. Conclusion: An intensive workplace lifestyle program remains effective at maintaining significant weight loss in a nearly 20% individuals even after 2 years. More studies are needed to understand factors that determine how to achieve and maintain long term gains achieved in lifestyle intervention wellness programs.

보건관리자가 인지한 근로자 건강증진 프로그램 수행 실태에 관한 업종별 비교: 요구도, 필요도, 수행도, 장애도 및 운영효과를 중심으로

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine the differences in need, necessity, performance, barriers, and effectiveness of workers' health promotion program and to determine the influencing factors in effectiveness of workers' health promotion program by business types. Methods: Subjects were participants of an education held by Korean association of occupational health nurses and a survey was self-reported. Survey items were developed by researchers through literature review. It included general characteristics of occupational health providers and worksites, need, necessity, performance, barriers and effectiveness of workers' health promotion (WHP) program. The total number of worksites was 168, manufacturing/construction was 76 (45.2%), other services were 52 (31.0%), and healthcare services were 40 (23.8%). We used <TEX>${\chi}^2test$</TEX>, ANOVA test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: There were differences in need, necessity and performance of WHP by business types. In healthcare services, WHP had statistically significant effectiveness to reduce turnover rates. And the influencing factors of WHP's effectiveness were workers' need in manufacturing/construction, health provider's career in other services, and perceived necessity in healthcare services. Conclusion: Based on this result, we propose differentiated strategies depending on the business types for effective workers' health promotion program.

Occupational factors associated with obesity and leisure-time physical activity among nurses: A cross sectional study

Background and objectiveAdverse working conditions contribute to obesity and physical inactivity. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of occupational factors with obesity and leisure-time physical activity among nurses. MethodsThis study used cross-sectional data of 394 nurses (mean age 48 years, 91% females, 61% white) randomly selected from the California Board of Registered Nursing list. Data on demographic and employment characteristics, musculoskeletal symptom comorbidity, physical and psychosocial occupational factors, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity were collected using postal and on-line surveys from January to July in 2013. ResultsOf the participants, 31% were overweight and 18% were obese; 41% engaged in regular aerobic physical activity (≥150min/week) and 57% performed regular muscle-strengthening activity (≥2days/week). In multivariable logistic regression models, overweight/obesity (BMI≥25kg/m2) was significantly more common among nurse managers/supervisors (OR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.16–5.59) and nurses who worked full-time (OR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.29–3.70) or worked ≥40h per week (OR=2.53, 95% CI: 1.58–4.05). Regular aerobic physical activity was significantly associated with high job demand (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.06–2.51). Nurses with passive jobs (low job demand combined with low job control) were significantly less likely to perform aerobic physical activity (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.26–0.93). Regular muscle-strengthening physical activity was significantly less common among nurses working on non-day shifts (OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.34–0.89). Physical workload was not associated with obesity and physical activity. ConclusionsOur study findings suggest that occupational factors significantly contribute to obesity and physical inactivity among nurses. Occupational characteristics in the work environment should be considered in designing effective workplace health promotion programs targeting physical activity and obesity among nurses.

The Impact of Health Promotion Program on Quality of Life to Overcome Elderly and Middle-aged Woman’s Crisis

이 연구는 보건소의 통합건강증진 프로그램이 노인과 중장년 여성의 삶의 질에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 함이었다. 기존의 선행연구들과 달리, 이 연구에서는 보다 세분화 된 즉, 건강증진사업의 운영을 시설적 측면, 행정(운영)적 측면, 인력 측면, 프로그램 측면으로 구분하여 각 요인들이 건강증진사업 효과(신체적, 정신적, 대인관계적, 일상생활적)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 구체적으로 살펴보고자 하였으며, 또한 건강증진사업의 효과가 삶의 질(신체적 활동 향상, 자기효능감상승, 자아존중감 상승, 전반적 삶의 질 향상)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 아울러, 통합건강증진사업을 실시함에 따라서 운영의 주체가 보건소와 민간기관으로 이원화되어 있기 때문에 공공기관과 민간기관에서 운영하는 건강증진프로그램이 삶의 질에 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 이 연구에서는 밝혀내고자 하였다. 이를 통하여 궁극적으로 농촌지역 건강증진 프로그램의 발전에 학문적 및 정책적 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 결과적으로, 민간기관 이용자보다 보건소 프로그램 이용자들이 자아존중감, 신체적 활력, 삶의 질 만족을 더 높게 인식하고 있었다.The purpose of this study was to examine how integrated health promotion programs at public health centers affected the quality of life of elderly and middle-aged women in Jeungpyeong-gun in Korea. Unlike the existing studies, this study classified the operational aspects of health promotion programs into the four factors (facility, administration/operation, manpower and program), and analyzed how each of these factors influenced the outcomes of health promotion programs. In addition, this study explored the effects of health promotion programs on the quality of life and compared them between the public and private institutions. The eventual goal of this study was to provide the basic information which would be needed for the theoretical and practical development of health promotion programs in rural areas.

Health Education Research and Practice Literature on Hispanic Health Issues

Hispanics constitute the largest racial/ethnic minority population in the United States and are the fastest growing segment of the population. Knowledge about health needs and practices, effective health promotion programs, and health policy making for Hispanics has the potential to improve population health outcomes for this group. Continued research and practice literature will aid in accomplishing these objectives. However, little is known about the extent of health education-related literature available on Hispanic health issues. In this review, we analyzed research and practice publications in all health education-related journals to assess the volume of articles published on Hispanic health issues. We found that the portion of journal articles devoted to Hispanic health issues varied widely among the journals and that there was a very limited emphasis on Hispanic health-related issues. Journal editors and editorial board members may need to be more proactive in soliciting manuscripts on Hispanic health, and our practitioners may have to improve their professional skills and cultural competence in order to work with Hispanic populations to produce research and practice literature that is of adequate quantity and quality to help improve Hispanics' health.

The Effect of a Supportive Health Promotion Program on the Quality of Life of Mothers of Premature Newborns

Background: Studies have shown that mothers of premature newborns have lower physical and psychological quality of life compared to mothers of healthy neonates. Therefore, applying a health promotion program for supporting them is necessary. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of a health promotion program on the quality of the life of mothers of premature newborns. Methods: In this quasi- experimental study, mothers of premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit of Milad hospital in 2014 were non-randomly divided into case (45 patients) and control groups (45 patients). Demographic information and Short Form Health Survey (SF36) quality of life questionnaire were collected. The supportive program of the case group was performed in four phases of assessment and recognition, support and the evaluation. Data were collected in three steps: pre-intervention, one and three months after intervention in both groups. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS version 14 using chi-square, independent t and ANOVA statistical tests. Results: Demographic data were similar in both groups (P>0.05). The mean and SD of overall score of quality of life before the intervention was 46.3±9.5 and 48.9±9.5 in the control and case groups, respectively (p=0.1). One month after the intervention, this score was 47.5±6.3 in the control and 57.9±7.05 in the case group (p<0.001). The score of quality of life one and three months, after the intervention, in all aspects, were significantly different between two groups (p<0.05), excluding physical limitations aspect (p=0.4). Conclusion: Thehealth promotion programs are supportive on improving the quality of life of mothers of premature newborns. Therefore, it is recommended that these programs be considered as effective methods for promoting quality life of mothers of premature neonates.

Prevalence and Severity of Oral Diseases in the Africa and Middle East Region.

This review aims to determine the prevalence and severity of oral health diseases in the Africa and Middle East region (AMER). The profile of oral diseases is not homogeneous across the AMER. There are large disparities between groups. Reliable data are scarce. The prevalence and severity of oral diseases appear to be increasing in the African region, as does associated morbidity. There are substantial differences in inequalities in oral health. Dental caries prevalence is less severe in most African countries than in developed countries, but the high rate of untreated caries reflects the limited resources available and difficulties of access and affordability to essential oral health care services. The prevalence of gingival inflammation is very high in all age groups in several African countries. The prevalence of maxillofacial trauma has increased in many countries, with a wide variation of the incidence and high prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in primary and permanent teeth. Orofacial clefts are among the most common birth defects. Annual incidence of oral cancer is estimated as 25 cases per 100,000 people in Africa. Noma is a major public health problem for the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. Data about human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS are limited, particularly in the MENA region. According to the World Health Organization Regional Committee for Africa report, some fundamental key basic knowledge gaps need to be underlined. They include inequalities in oral health, low priority for oral health, lack of adequate funding, inadequate dental student training, obstacles to medical and dental research, and poor databases. There are very few effective public prevention and oral health promotion programs in the AMER. Universal health coverage is not achievable without scientific research on the effectiveness of health promotion interventions.

Assessment of physical activity in older Belgian adults: validity and reliability of an adapted interview version of the long International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-L).

BackgroundAdequate monitoring of older adults’ physical activity (PA) is essential to develop effective health promotion programs. The present study examined criterion validity and test-retest reliability of the long International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-L), adapted for Belgian, community-dwelling older adults (65y and older).MethodsParticipants (n = 434) completed the last seven days version of IPAQ-L, modified for the Belgian population of community-dwelling older adults. This elderly-adapted version of IPAQ-L combined vigorous and moderate activities, and questions on gait speed and recreational cycling were added. Furthermore, participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X(+) accelerometer for at least five days. Criterion validity was determined by comparing self-reported weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and weekly minutes of total PA with accelerometer data, defined by two different cut points (Freedson vs. Copeland). To examine test-retest reliability, a subsample of 29 participants completed IPAQ-L for a second time within a ten day interval.ResultsIPAQ-L showed moderate criterion validity for measuring weekly minutes of MVPA and total PA (Spearman’s ρ range 0.33–0.40). However, plots on agreement between self-reported and accelerometer PA showed a systematic over-reporting of IPAQ-L for MVPA. In contrast, plots indicated that IPAQ-L under-estimated levels of total PA, however, this under-estimation of total PA was substantially lower than the observed over-reporting of MVPA. Test-retest reliability was moderate-to-good for work-related PA, domestic PA, MVPA and total PA (ICC range 0.52–0.81), but poorer for transportation and recreational PA (ICC 0.44 and 0.43, respectively).ConclusionsCriterion validity results suggest that IPAQ-L is more valid to measure older adults’ weekly minutes of total PA than weekly MVPA minutes. Moreover, results might imply that content validity of IPAQ-L can be improved if specific light-intensity PA items are incorporated into IPAQ-L. Test-retest reliability of IPAQ-L was moderate to good, except for weekly minutes of transportation and recreational PA, probably due to week-to-week variability of these behaviors.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1785-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The role of teleconferences in global public health education.

This paper presents a global health education program using a 'Teleconference' approach. It provides examples of how technology can be used to deliver health education at the international level. Two international teleconferences about public health issues were conducted in 2013 and 2014 involving universities and public health institutions in Colombia, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Uganda, and the United States. More than 400 students, faculty, and community members attended these educational events. These teleconferences served as the medium to unite countries despite the geographical distances and to facilitate collaborations and networking across nations. Teleconferences are an example of effective technology-based health education and health promotion programs.

Assessing Organizational Readiness for a Participatory Occupational Health/Health Promotion Intervention in Skilled Nursing Facilities.

The long-term care sector is characterized by high morbidity and employee turnover, along with associated costs. Effective health protection and health promotion are important to improve physical and psychosocial well-being of caregivers. Assessment of organizational readiness for change is an essential precursor to the successful implementation of workplace programs addressing work climate, structure of tasks and relationships, and other issues that may be perceived as challenging by some within the institution. This study qualitatively assessed readiness of five skilled nursing facilities for a participatory occupational health/health promotion intervention. Selection criteria were developed to screen for program feasibility and ability to conduct prospective evaluations, and information was collected from managers and employees (interviews and focus groups). Three centers were selected for the program, and the first year of formative evaluation and intervention experience was then reviewed to evaluate and modify our selection criteria after the fact. Lessons learned include adding assessment of communication and the structure of problem solving to our selection criteria, improving methods to assess management support in a concrete (potentially nonverbal) form, and obtaining a stated financial commitment and resources to enable the team to function. Assessment of organizational readiness for change is challenging, although necessary to implement effective and sustainable health promotion programs in specific organizations.

Effects of a Health Promotion Program on Elementary Students’ Physical and Mental Health

Many health promotion programs have been implemented to prevent obesity and mental health problems among school-aged children. However, only a few programs included both physical and psychological measures to assess the effects of the program. The present study was designed to test the effects of a 6-week health promotion program on physical and mental health among school-aged children using physiological and psychological measures. A total of 74 elementary school students (4th and 5th grade) recruited from urban (n = 51) and rural areas (n = 23) participated in the study. We used the Korean version of the Kovacs’ Children’s Depression Inventory and the Conners-Wells’ Adolescent Self-Report Scale-Short Form (CASS-S) to measure levels of depression and hyperactivity, respectively. To assess children’s physical health, we measured body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and heart rate variability. In addition, children’s health-related behaviors (e.g., eating and exercise habits) were assessed using the health promotion behavior scale. A total of 63 students (13 in the experimental and 50 in the control group) who completed both physiological and psychological measures were included in the final analysis. Compared to children in the control group, children in the experimental group showed a significant decrease in their level of hyperactivity (t = -2.01, p = 0.049) and increase in heart rate variability (t = -2.35, p = 0.022). No significant group differences were noted for depression, BMI, body fat percentage, and health promotion behaviors between the two groups. Findings of this study provided preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of a 6-week school-based health promotion program for improving emotional health among school-aged children living in a rural area. Future studies testing the effects of health promotion programs with longer sessions and programs focusing on social-emotional skill development are needed.

Effects of a Health Promotion Program on Healthy Aging Preparation for Late Middle Aged Women

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of health promotion program on healthy aging preparation for late middle aged women. Methods: The research design was a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental study. Participants were recruited from K and Y cities in Gyeong-nam Province from October, 2013 to January, 2014. They were 26 for the experimental group and 31 for the control group. The experimental group participated in a health promotion program for healthy aging preparation. The program consisted of education, exercise, and small group discussion over 8 weeks. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, t-test and ANCOVA, using the PASW 18.0 program. Results: There were significant improvements in aging anxiety and general self-efficacy, health promoting behaviors in the experimental group compared to those of the control group. However, there was no significant differences in attitude toward older adults between the two groups. Conclusion: The health promotion program on healthy aging preparation for late middle aged women was found to be effective in enhancing aging anxiety and self-efficacy, and health promoting behavior. Thus, the developed program is recommended for use in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for late middle aged women in order to keep up with their health in later life.

Exercise and Smoking: A Literature Overview

The purpose of this review is to summarize the more recent research findings regarding the relationship between exercise and smoking behavior. Reviewed studies have been presented according to themes and research design types. Initially cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies have been reviewed in order to map findings regarding the correlations between those two behaviors. Moreover, studies exploring variables that function as mediators or moderators between smoking and exercise relationship have been included. Then studies examining the possible preventive effects of exercise on smoking behavior for adolescents are reviewed and implications for developing effective preventive intervention programs are provided. Finally, experimental studies examining the acute and long term effects of exercise on smokers are reviewed in order to conclude if exercise can act as a treatment for smokers to manage withdrawal symptoms and help them quit smoking. Overall, exercise seems to have a protective effect against smoking as well as a supportive effect on smoking cessation treatments. The investigation of the underlying mechanisms behind this relationship and the systematic synthesis of new knowledge on this topic can improve our understanding and inform the development of more effective health promotion programs.

Community Oral Health Promotion

JKAOH is available at http://www.jkaoh.org pISSN 1225-388X / eISSN 2093-7784 According to the 2012 National Oral Health Status Survey, the decayed-missing-filled-teeth (DMFT) index was 1.84, which confirms the constant decreasing trend in dental caries over the past 10 years. This improvement in the national oral health status may be attributed to the socioeconomic development of our country, technological advances in dentistry, various effective oral health promotion programs, and increase in awareness of and interest in oral health care among people. Of these factors, oral health programs, which play a key role for community oral health promotion, have been expanding their services through various activities such as community oral health status surveys, problem identification, and project goal setting, implementation, and evaluation. For continuous progress of these oral health programs, it is important to focus on community oral health promotion, accurately identify problems by analyzing the community-wide oral health status, and evaluate the effects of the programs already carried out by systematically analyzing their outcomes. In this regard, a paradigm shift has recently occurred from the sector-dependent separate community health programs to the inter-sector joint operation of integrated health promotion programs. As a result, an increasingly large number of beneficiaries of oral health projects are profiting simultaneously from nutritional health projects or exercise interventions, thereby increasing the number of factors influencing community oral health promotion. However, there is a lack of research examining such integrated community oral health programs or evaluating the impact of the associated changes. For community oral health promotion, it is necessary to continuously support integrated oral health programs by analyzing their results, evaluating their effects, conducting opinions polls among the local program participants and professional staff, and incorporating the results of these polls in future programs. Such continuous support and research efforts toward various community-based oral health programs will contribute to the continuous improvement of oral health index.

The association between dental health locus of control and sociodemographic factors among urban and rural people in Davangere, India

Introduction:Oral diseases have underlying socio-behavioral determinants. Oral health promotion programs aimed at behavior modification will be effective if the factors that motivate health behaviors are known. One of the constructs widely used to predict and analyze health behaviors is the health locus of control scale (HLOC). Aim: To determine the association between sociodemographic factors and dental HLOC among a selected sample of urban and rural people in Davangere district, Karnataka state, India. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 300 people, 150 each from urban and rural area, aged 18 years and above. Sociodemographic data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Dental HLOC was assessed by a questionnaire prepared by the author in local language. The association between sociodemographic variables and dental HLOC was analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: Significantly more number of people in urban area had internal LOC when compared to rural people (P = 0.00). There was significant association between gender in rural areas (P < 0.001), education level (P < 0.001) and socioeconomic status (P < 0.001) with dental HLOC. There was no significant association between age, gender in urban areas and marital status with dental HLOC. Conclusions: Gender, education level and socioeconomic status were associated with dental HLOC beliefs. The findings can be useful in planning effective oral health promotion programs aimed at positive oral health behavior modification for people from varying sociodemographic backgrounds by modifying their health control beliefs.

Pattern of Pediatric Toxicity in Saudi Arabia-Eastern Province (Incidence, Demographics and Predisposing Factors)

Childhood poisoning is a major cause of morbidity in both developing and developed countries. In spite of the success of some interventions to prevent accidental poisoning in the pediatric population, toxic ingestions continue to be a common occurrence. The purpose of this study was to shed light on the problem of accidental poisoning among children, to determine the factors related to accidental poisoning by the most common medications and household agents in poisoned patients who were visited a pediatric ER department. A prospective study was conducted in the period from January 2011 until December 2013 at the Dammam Maternal and Child Hospital. The studied children were a mix of boys and girls, did not suffer from any mental disabilities, were aged below 15 years old, and were of variable nationalities. The findings of the study demonstrated that the most common toxic presentation in the reported cases were medications toxicity exposure (63.2%) followed by pesticides toxic exposures (16.3%). Acetaminophen exposure represents the most common toxic forum of medication exposures (27.6%). Age from 1-7 year is the most common vulnerable age of toxicity (74.8%). The most common pharmaceutical preparation involved in the toxic presentation was tablets and syrup forum 41.7% and 20.7% respectively. From the studied cases 64.5% of the reported cases were asymptomatic toxic presentation, and on the opposite site 6% were suffered from acute severe consciousness disturbance “Glasgow Coma Scale was less than 8”. Effective health promotion programs for parents and careers regarding poisoning hazards are needed to increase awareness and reduce the incidence of poisoning among children.

Effects of Health Promotion Program of an Diabetes Elder in Senior Citizen Halls

This study was conducted to identify the effects of the health promotion program of an diabetes elder in senior citizen halls. 2 groups were classified and analysed in 1１４ participants data. Program was implemented from May to Oct. 2013. Physiological, physical and psycho·social index were analyzed for the effect of program. Changes of Physical index were most effective but the changes of physiological and psycho·social index were not effective. Number of possessed disease and health behavior influenced on the level of blood glucose level after program. The influence factors on quality of life in pre- and diabetes elderly was depression, health behavior and age. This results indicate community health promotion program for diabetes aged should be focused at depression, health behavior. Aged with diabetes have to be evaluated frequently and managed individually in the program.

Effect of health promotion program with collaborative approach on physical activity of overweight school-age girls

Background: Nowadays, due to ineffectiveness of interventions in the prevention of obesity in school-age children, collaborative approach in order to prevent and control the obesity seems necessary. Aim: to assess the impact of health promotion programs with collaborative approach on physical activity levels of overweight school-age girls. Methods: This quasi-experimental and pretest/post-test study was conducted among 80 overweight female students which were randomly selected. Data were collected via activity checklist. In the test groups, health promotion programs were administered in 3 stages of assessment, supportive planning and evaluation in 6 to 8 one-hour sessions for four consecutive weeks (2 sessions per week for students, parents and teachers), activities suitable with children’s condition 3 sessions per week, and evaluation for 3 months. Level of children's activity in both groups were evaluated by the child and parents before and 3 months after intervention and analyzed by SPSS software version 16, independent and paired t-tests, and chi-square. Results: Before the intervention, the two groups were similar in terms of age, place of birth, history of disease, nutrition, parental age, education, occupation and income, and duration of exercise. After the intervention, both groups had significant differences in duration of exercise (P<0.001). Conclusion: Health promotion programs with collaboration of children, parents and teachers could increase exercise duration in overweight children.