Effective Communication Research Articles

The lack of knowledge regarding the essential components of comprehensive chemsex services for men who have sex with men (MSM) in Thailand poses a substantial obstacle to the development of such services. We explored perspectives from various stakeholders on the necessary components of comprehensive chemsex services. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted in-person with 60 key informants: 40 MSM who use chemsex, 10 peers/family members and 10 service providers. A codebook was developed based on a priori themes of the interview guide and emergent themes from transcripts. We identified four components that should be incorporated into comprehensive chemsex services. First, promoting substance use literacy is the top priority. In particular, people who use chemsex value a reliable source of information on chemsex-related harms and mitigating strategies. Second, mental health counseling from specialists, such as psychologists or psychiatrists, due to relationships between mental health and chemsex use. Third, sexual health services, including routine sexually transmitted infections screening, and the provision of preventive measures, such as PrEP and condoms. Fourth, legal and stigma consultation are crucial in the context of the country's punitive laws and common abusive practices toward people who use substances. Some MSM prefer onsite services for a more professional feel and effective communication, whereas others prefer online services due to experienced/anticipated stigma and discrimination. Chemsex-specific literacy, mental health services, sexual health services, and legal and stigma consultation were identified as key chemsex service components, and their inclusion in comprehensive chemsex services for MSM in Thailand should be further explored.

Cities use 311 platforms for residents to report flooding, offering insight into flood-prone areas. The combined role of environmental and socioeconomic factors shaping these reports remains unexplored. This study analyzes five years of 311 flood reports in Norfolk, VA, using a logistic regression model to identify salient predictors and assess their influence on flood reporting. The model includes environmental variables (precipitation, tide level, and topographic wetness index) and socioeconomic indicators (race, income, and education). The model performed well with an area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.8. Permutation-based feature importance revealed precipitation as the most important predictor (AUC contribution: 0.27), followed by the percentage of Black residents (0.02); tide only contributed ~0.01. The influence of the percentage of Hispanics was also ~0.01. Increases in the percentage of Black residents were associated with increased reporting, while the converse was true for a higher percentage of Hispanic residents. Higher reporting in Norfolk from locations with more Black residents is distinct from findings in other cities, suggesting Norfolk may have more effective communication with these residents about 311 reporting. However, lower reporting in locations with more Hispanic residents suggests Norfolk could improve outreach to non-native speakers, for example, by adding Spanish language options to their 311 platform.

In the contemporary landscape of societal evolution, characterized by the swift and dynamic shifts within the economic, social, and legal spheres, the critical importance of the professional training of specialists specializing in the field of knowledge D Business, Administration, and Law, specifically within the specialty D3 Management, is brought to the forefront. This article undertakes a comprehensive examination of the theoretical underpinnings and methodological approaches associated with the implementation of project-based learning. It posits project-based learning as an efficacious and potent tool for the cultivation and development of essential key competencies in prospective professional junior bachelors. The study places a significant emphasis on the pivotal role of key competencies, encompassing a range of cognitive, interpersonal, and practical skills. These include, but are not limited to, critical thinking, creativity, effective communication, collaborative abilities, information and digital competence, a commitment to lifelong learning, the demonstration of initiative, and entrepreneurial acumen. These competencies are conceptualized as integral personal attributes that collectively ensure successful professional performance, facilitate seamless adaptation to evolving circumstances, and foster resilience in the face of change. Furthermore, the research delineates the specific key competencies that hold the utmost relevance for professional junior bachelors of management. These encompass organizational and managerial proficiencies, analytical and research capabilities, communicative and social skills, and a suite of competencies intricately linked to personal development and growth. The methodological approaches to the application of project-based learning, designed to foster the development of the aforementioned competencies, are thoroughly substantiated. These approaches incorporate a comprehensive project- based framework that integrates project activities across various disciplines, a problem-based learning strategy centered on addressing authentic, real-world challenges, targeted development of leadership and teamwork capabilities to enhance collaborative project outcomes, the cultivation of entrepreneurial skills to foster innovation and business acumen, and the promotion of independent work habits and self-assessment techniques to encourage reflective learning and personal accountability. Each of these approaches is examined in terms of its contribution to the holistic development of the student, preparing them not only for the immediate demands of their profession but also for the continuous learning and adaptation required in a dynamic global environment.

This study investigates the mediating role of crisis response strategy in the relationship between students’ preparedness and crisis communication competency among undergraduates in a Malaysian higher education. Grounded in Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), the research adapts three core constructs namely crisis type identification, responsibility attribution, and strategic response selection to an educational context. A total of 419 undergraduate students from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia has participated in a cross-sectional survey. Using Hayes’ PROCESS macro (Model 4), mediation analyses revealed that crisis response strategy significantly mediated all three hypothesised pathways: understanding of crisis types (H1), perceived preparedness (H2), and responsibility attribution (H3). Partial mediation was observed in H1 and H3, while H2 demonstrated full mediation. These findings highlight the central role of strategic application in transforming students’ cognitive, ethical, and experiential readiness into effective crisis communication performance. The study extends SCCT beyond organizational actors to pre-professional learners and emphasizes the influence of collectivist cultural norms on responsibility framing and strategy selection. Practical implications for curriculum reform include integrating simulation-based learning and culturally responsive pedagogy into communication education. The findings contribute to theory by repositioning SCCT as both a diagnostic and developmental framework within higher education.

The increasing demand for effective Arabic communication in Malaysian healthcare settings shows a significant challenge for public relations officers. As healthcare services are increasingly globally, the ability to communicate proficiently in Arabic is essential for attending Arab patients who are coming to Malaysia seeking for treatments. However, the scarcity of resources and technological tools tailored for this specific communication need has hindered effective public relations efforts. In this study, H-PRACOM platform, an integrated digital solution is introduced to bridge this gap by integrating multiple interactive platforms such as AI Chatbot, Padlet, Wordwall, and Google Sites with various multimedia elements including text, audio, and video animation into a unified resource for Arabic healthcare communication. By utilizing advanced digital tools, H-PRACOM empowers the efficiency and cultural aspects of public relations interactions, enhancing healthcare communicators to provide better support and engagement with Arab patients. This innovative digital solution not only addresses current communication challenges but also lays the essential works for future advancements for Arabic communication in healthcare public relations setting.

This study aims to analyze the strategies implemented by Hotel Abadi in Serang City to maintain its image and reputation amidst the increasingly competitive hotel industry and pressures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive qualitative approach was used with a SWOT analysis technique to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing the hotel. The results show that Hotel Abadi still relies on the strength of social relationships and loyalty of existing customers as reputation capital, but has not been able to manage its image comprehensively in accordance with the principles of image management theory. The communication strategies used are still conventional, such as banners and direct promotions, and have not yet touched on the realm of digital branding and professional management of customer feedback. On the other hand, the threat from new, more modern hotels that are more adaptive to technological developments is an urgent external challenge that requires a strategic response. Hotel Abadi must also pay more attention to service quality, not only from the physical side but also the overall customer experience. Given the rapid development of technology, management needs to formulate a more targeted and effective digital communication strategy to reach a wider audience through social media and websites. Hotel Abadi is advised to undertake a strategic transformation that is not only promotion-oriented, but also includes strengthening brand identity, improving service quality based on customer needs, and structured reputation management with an image management approach.

Drug abuse is one of the crucial problems faced by the Indonesian nation, not only as a legal issue, but also as a health and human rights issue. In Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, rehabilitation is regulated as a form of treatment for addicts. However, there is still ambiguity regarding the status of rehabilitation: whether it is a right that must be guaranteed by the state, or an obligation that must be carried out by addicts. This article aims to analyze the position of rehabilitation in the perspective of Indonesian positive law and examine the concept within the framework of human rights. The method used is normative juridical with a legislative and conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that rehabilitation should be positioned as a fundamental right guaranteed by the state in order to fulfill the right to health, as well as being a more humane alternative to criminal punishment. The results of this study indicate that interpersonal communication built between counselors and drug addict patients uses a humanistic approach, including (1) Approaching Drug Addict Patients to Foster an Open Attitude, which is very influential in fostering effective interpersonal communication between counselors and addicts. (2) Cultivating an Attitude of Empathy, Counselors towards patients or vice versa, as a willingness to understand others completely both what is visible and what is contained, both in the aspects of feelings, thoughts and desires, when empathy grows in the interpersonal communication process, then the atmosphere of the communication relationship will be able to develop and grow an attitude of mutual understanding and acceptance, (3) Cultivating Positive Feelings in patients/clients, the success of interpersonal communication depends a lot on the quality of one's views and feelings; positive or negative. Positive views and feelings about oneself, towards counselors to addicts or vice versa will give rise to positive interpersonal communication behavior patterns as well. (4) Providing Encouragement and Support, providing encouragement or kindling of enthusiasm from counselors to addicts, so that with support in this situation, interpersonal communication will last a long time because a supportive atmosphere is created.

Given the need to use Augmentative and Alternative Communication in different contexts, it is important to know about studies that promote and discuss the implementation and development of these systems. The aim of this article is to contextualize part of the scenario of scientific knowledge production about the applications, purposes and development of Augmentative and Alternative Communication. It is an integrative review of articles published in journals indexed in different databases in Brazil and Portugal. Based on the application of previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 studies, including articles and dissertations, were selected to constitute the corpus of analysis. The results show that the studies analyzed recognize and consider the potential of Augmentative and Alternative Communication in communicative acts and social interactions between people with communication difficulties and their interlocutors. The research also showed the benefits in the teaching-learning process, considering the use of these systems as facilitators for effective communication in learning moments. Furthermore, there is a growing number of studies aimed at developing applications and technological devices to support communication. Therefore, it can be concluded that the studies support the understanding of Augmentative and Alternative Communication, as they present theoretical and practical knowledge, strategies, methodologies and resources. It should be noted that these systems are increasingly studied and have made progress in communication and inclusion of their users.

This study analyzes the role of principal leadership on teacher discipline in Public Elementary Schools. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to describe and analyze the dynamics of interaction between principal leadership and teacher discipline levels in the environment. The results of the study indicate that the principal's leadership style has a significant effect on teacher motivation, commitment, and discipline levels. Inclusive, supportive, and coaching-oriented leadership contributes positively to the creation of a conducive school environment. Conversely, ineffective principal leadership can result in low teacher morale and uncertainty in the application of disciplinary actions. Clear and open communication from the principal has also been shown to be a key factor in establishing a shared understanding of rules and disciplinary actions. Principals who are able to provide clear direction and support effective communication can create an environment where discipline is consistently upheld and applied fairly. This study emphasizes the importance of the principal's role in providing guidance and support to teachers who have difficulty in maintaining discipline levels. A proactive coaching and learning approach from leadership can help teachers overcome challenges and improve discipline skills. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of how principal leadership can shape teacher discipline culture. The implications of these findings suggest the need for quality leadership development, the formulation of clear discipline policies, and coaching programs that support teachers in maintaining the desired level of discipline. This study also provides a basis for the development of more effective leadership management strategies in improving discipline and the quality of education at the elementary level.

Deprescribing, the process of stopping unnecessary medications, is essential for optimizing pharmacotherapy in older adults but is hindered by systemic, knowledge and patient-related barriers. This study explored physicians' perspectives on barriers and facilitators to deprescribing in older adults using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), in an LMIC setting with limited evidence. A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews with physicians (n = 52) to explore barriers, facilitators and potential improvements in deprescribing practices. Thematic analysis was applied to identify key insights and patterns from the collected data. This study identified several barriers to deprescribing, including limited healthcare access in rural areas and knowledge gaps in geriatric pharmacology among resident doctors. Patient-specific challenges, such as advanced age and multiple comorbidities, further complicated the process. The chronic use of medications like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and benzodiazepines was also a prominent barrier. Systemic and logistical issues, such as inefficient workflows and poor interdisciplinary coordination, were noted as critical impediments. Key facilitators included patient acceptance, which was pivotal for adherence and outcomes, and the active participation of educated patients in shared decision-making processes. A growing acceptance of deprescribing among doctors, especially in government healthcare, was observed, with effective communication key to overcoming patient resistance and building trust. Overcoming systemic barriers, enhancing patient education and implementing structured guidelines are key to improving deprescribing. Interdisciplinary collaboration and digital tools like electronic health records can further ensure safe medication discontinuation. Targeted interventions are essential to optimizing deprescribing and improving older adult's health outcomes.

This study aims to describe and analyze the communication strategy of the General Affairs (GA) Division of PT The UNV Serang in managing work relationships with outsourced workers from PT Tri Karya Cemerlang (TKC). Using a qualitative approach and in-depth interview methods, this study found that the GA Division implemented a structured and effective communication strategy, reflecting a deep understanding of Communication Strategy Theory, Organizational Communication, and Communication Management. The strategy involved thorough planning, flexible implementation, and continuous evaluation. The GA Division used various communication channels such as WhatsApp groups, weekly face-to-face meetings, and the use of visual media (photos/videos) to ensure clear and directed communication. This multi-channel approach facilitated timely and accurate information flow between departments and outsourced workers. Additionally, the GA Division positioned itself as a "communication bridge," centralizing coordination for all departments and ensuring smooth operational processes. The communication pattern employed was an effective combination of formal, hierarchical communication and informal, personal communication. This combination served to strengthen relationships, foster mutual understanding, and promote a collaborative work environment. The study highlights the importance of a strategic and adaptable communication framework that ensures seamless coordination, promotes positive work relationships, and contributes to organizational success. This research can serve as a reference for improving communication strategies in similar organizational settings.

The rapid spread of fake news, misinformation, and defamation in the digital age has emerged as a major concern for Malaysia, endangering public trust, social stability, and national security. Fake news, as opposed to accurate information, spreads faster due to its sensational and shareable nature. This article examines the interaction between effective communication strategies and Malaysia's legal system in addressing fake news and defamation. Utilizing a qualitative method via documentary content analysis, the research analyzed primary legal documents and scholarly articles. The study was conducted thematically, resulting in three core dimensions: (i) the importance of effective communication, (ii) the role of law, and (iii) challenges and ramifications. The findings indicate that while legal provisions under the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998, the Penal Code, the Defamation Act 1957, and the Sedition Act 1948 provide deterrence and remedial functions, effective communication, which emphasizes transparency, credible official channels, and media literacy, serves as a preventive measure. The repeal of the Anti-Fake News Act (2020) highlights the tension between restrictions and freedom of speech, requiring careful judicial interpretation to avoid overly stringent regulations. The study emphasizes that depending on either legal or communicative frameworks is inadequate; rather, a harmonious combination of both is necessary. Strategic recommendations include regional ASEAN cooperation, public-private partnerships for rapid response mechanisms, rigorous media literacy education, and ongoing legislative changes to address new digital threats such as deepfakes. This dual approach provides a comprehensive framework for protecting Malaysian society against misinformation while upholding democratic values and freedom of expression.

This paper introduces a MOOC that has been designed and is currently being developed for lifelong learning and sustainable skills development, focusing on building effective communication skills for university students, working adults, and anyone, be they homemakers or industry players, who requires a flexible and self-paced, yet structured and professionally guided learning environment for personal development. Communicate with Confidence: From Campus to Career comes with seven modules, each targets a specific aspect of effective communication, while supporting the other modules by providing the fundamental knowledge to enable learners for a more cohesive understanding of the content. To achieve this, the MOOC team subscribes to a strict guideline of Gagne’s 9 Events of Instruction in content development and task design, while adhering to ADDIE model to ensure this MOOC deliver the desired outcomes. This MOOC adopts a three-pronged approach to contribute to the attainment of the global goals – providing Quality Education (SDG4) through its pedagogically guided content and delivery, promoting Reduced Inequalities (SDG10) via its open accessibility to the global citizens, while building skilled communicators for Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG11). This MOOC presents substantial potential for commercialization through strategic collaborations with partner universities in Thailand, Japan, India, and Indonesia. Efforts are also underway to engage local corporations in integrating the course into both academic programs and corporate training, at national and international levels.

Effective communication is critical for equitable healthcare delivery. In situations where there is language discordance between patients and providers, with one person speaking a shared language more proficiently, communication challenges may exacerbate disparities, particularly for racially or ethnically minoritized patients. Even when patients and providers are both fluent enough in English to not need interpretation, communication challenges intensify when patients are required to use their second language (L2) to interact with a native English (L1) speaking healthcare provider. Communication accommodation encompasses speech adjustments used to mitigate these barriers. Because communication accommodation strategies are not explicitly taught in healthcare training, it is unknown how healthcare providers adjust and the role a patient's English proficiency plays in guiding provider language choices. This experimental study tested how L1 physician assistant students modify their communication during intake interviews with Latine L2 avatar patients of varying English proficiency, using the mixed-reality simulation platform Mursion. Data from 41 physician assistant students in 2023-2024 were analyzed for acoustic (i.e., speech rate, pitch modulation) and lexical adjustments (i.e., word frequency, contextual diversity). Results revealed significant accommodations: students reduced their speech rate, narrowed their pitch range, and used higher-frequency vocabulary when interacting with lower-proficiency L2 avatars. The results demonstrate that communication accommodation occurs and could be a potential mechanism for the widening or narrowing of healthcare disparities in patient outcomes. Future work should consider identifying which accommodations improve patients' comprehension of medical advice and their relationships with healthcare providers.

<p><em>Drug abuse is a complex problem that impacts health, social, and economic aspects. Rehabilitation efforts are crucial in addressing it, particularly through an effective and humanistic communication approach. This study aims to explore the role of participatory communication in the Motivational Interviewing (MI) method in the rehabilitation process for mild and moderate drug abusers at the Pratama Clinic of the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) in South Kalimantan Province. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation with six clients and one counselor. The results indicate that participatory communication plays a crucial role in building an equal, empathetic, and inclusive counseling relationship. Clients feel more valued, heard, and encouraged to be active in the recovery process. However, challenges remain, such as differences in socio-cultural backgrounds and client passivity. In conclusion, participatory communication supports the effectiveness of MI in increasing client motivation and engagement, and is an important strategy in creating a more humane and sustainable rehabilitation process.</em></p>

The significance of psychological resilience as a protective element has been brought to light in recent years by growing worries about teenage mental health, increased academic pressure, and the effects of digital surroundings. Psychological resilience is defined as a dynamic adaptation process resulting from the interaction of internal capabilities and external resources, which is crucial for adolescents to cope with challenges and thrive. This article systematically reviews the main factors influencing the development of psychological resilience among teenagers, with a focus on discussing them from two main dimensions: educational methods and intimate relationships. Through the synthesis of existing literature, this paper finds that both family education and school education play a crucial role in educational methods. At the same time, intimate relationships, including secure attachment, effective parent-child communication, supportive peer relationships, and positive teacher-student relationships, provide the necessary emotional foundation for psychological resilience. At the same time, although these two core factors are fundamental, the psychological resilience of teenagers must also recognize the influence of genetic, biological, community and social factors.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of outsourcing on cleaning service quality at Harta Maintenance Sdn Bhd by analyzing stakeholder perceptions across five key areas: communication, quality, technology, operations and maintenance and business continuity planning. The authors identified the factors that most significantly influence customer satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach The authors distributed a structured survey to 70 stakeholders and analyzed 56 responses. The authors used correlation analysis to assess the relationships between specific tasks within the five categories and customer satisfaction. Findings The authors found that regular meetings and performance reports significantly enhance customer satisfaction, whereas standard communication plans have less direct impact. The correlation analysis shows that developing key performance indicators (KPIs) and maintaining clear specifications are crucial for improving satisfaction. Conversely, customer service agreements and monitoring satisfaction had minimal influence. Stakeholders did not link their satisfaction to technological innovations, highlighting the need to focus on visible service quality aspects. Regular safety inspections showed a strong positive correlation with satisfaction, while risk management and emergency plans were often undervalued. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on a single organization, limiting the generalizability of the findings. Future research should investigate similar analyses across various industries or service sectors to provide broader insights. Practical implications The authors emphasize the importance of effective communication, visible safety measures and robust quality assurance for improving satisfaction in outsourced cleaning services. Organizations can enhance service quality by prioritizing stakeholder engagement and implementing clear performance metrics. Originality/value This study offers a unique contribution by identifying how specific operational factors in outsourced cleaning services influence customer satisfaction. The findings provide actionable recommendations for improving service quality in similar contexts.

Abstract Drawing on corpus linguistic approaches and Fairclough’s three-dimensional model, the study analysed “ageing population” discourse in 303 English Hansard records from Hong Kong’s Sixth Legislative Council (2016–2021) containing 15.7 million tokens. Collocation analysis showed that “ageing” and “population” appeared in contexts of urgency and negative framing, reinforcing demographic change as inherently problematic. Concordance analysis identified healthcare system challenges and economic and fiscal burden as two dominant themes concerning ageing population. The findings demonstrate that Hong Kong’s legislative discourse actively constructs demographic ageing as a deficit. The findings highlight the need for policy development, effective communication strategies, and asset-based approaches to policy formulation. The study demonstrates the “added value” of corpus linguistics for revealing discursive patterns in institutional discourse.

Understanding how cognition develops as a result of collaboration is a continuing educational endeavour along with identifying effective strategies and understandings related to collaborative learning. With this endeavour in mind, this paper reports on findings from a research project that examined the mechanisms and processes utilised by teachers to enhance collaboration in a problem-based learning approach to school-based STEM education. The research involved purposive sampling of 35 teachers from 15 schools in two states within Australia. The study followed a longitudinal qualitative research design (2021–2024) and drew information from teacher round-table discussions that were then thematically analysed to reveal five key themes about collaboration as part of classroom learning: (1) collaboration requires active learning, (2) collaboration involves effective communication, (3) collaboration is purposeful and driven by shared goals, (4) collaboration is fluid and dynamic, and (5) collaboration values diversity. The findings of this research primarily contribute to the field through theoretical insights that propose a new framework for understanding the cognitive nature of effective collaboration, which when translated into an actionable assessment matrix can assist teachers as they work to implement effective learning through collaboration in the classroom.

With the rapid development of science and technology, online learning software has become an important tool for English learning as it provides a large number of learning resources together with interactive functions. But how to help students effectively build a systematic English knowledge framework is still a key issue to be solved. Another major obstacle is making sure that students can translate this disjointed knowledge into effective communication skills. This study aims to explore how online learning software can help students integrate various knowledge points in English learning and improve learning efficiency through knowledge construction. Based on the theories of constructivism, cognitive load and self-regulated learning, this study explores how online learning software can achieve knowledge construction and improve learning efficiency by stimulating students' intrinsic motivation, reducing cognitive load, and promoting self-regulation. By doing this, it aims to offer both theoretical understanding and useful tactics for enhancing online English learning environments. The study's goal is to aid in the creation of learner-centered and more efficient online platforms. The key findings from the study illustrate that online learning tools improve English language proficiency by including fundamental skills, providing individualized learning plans, and giving immediate feedback. Also, these platforms enhance efficiency, develop communicative competence, and build systematic knowledge based on the constructivist, cognitive load, and self-regulated learning theories and ultimately contribute to quality education as per United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4.