Abstract Background Opera choir training, as a collective artistic activity, has the potential to play a positive role in enhancing participants' sense of belonging and mental health. However, its specific effects and mechanisms of action still lack systematic evaluation. Research has shown that group music activities can enhance social connections and alleviate emotional stress. However, further empirical exploration is needed regarding the quantitative impact of long-term opera choir training on mental health indicators, particularly in promoting a sense of belonging, emotional regulation, and life satisfaction. The study quantitatively evaluated the intervention effect of long-term opera choir training on participants' sense of belonging, depression anxiety stress emotional state, and life satisfaction through a 12-month practical analysis. To explore the promoting effect of opera choir training on the sense of belonging and mental health of the adult population. Methods Recruit 260 adult volunteers in the community, including 130 in the experimental group (participating in opera choir training) and 130 in the control group (not participating in systematic collective art activities). All participants completed baseline psychological assessments, including the Group Belonging Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Life Satisfaction Scale. The experimental group received 90 minute opera choir training twice a week, including vocal techniques, multi voice choir rehearsals, and stage performance integration. At the 12th month of intervention, both groups completed the same psychological assessment again. Compare the changing trends of two groups on various indicators through repeated measures analysis of variance, and use regression models to test the mediating effect of sense of belonging. Results As shown in Fig. 1, after 12 months of intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvements in group belonging (p<.001, t = 6.62) and life satisfaction (p<.001, t = 7.23) compared to baseline, and depression scores significantly decreased (p<.001, t = 8.96); This indicates that structured choir training has a positive effect on alleviating depression related emotional distress. The control group that did not participate in any collective art intervention showed no statistically significant changes in group belonging, life satisfaction, and depression scores during the 12-month follow-up period (p-values>0.05), further verifying the specific intervention effect of opera choir training in improving the target outcome indicators. Discussion Long term and structured opera choir training can not only significantly enhance participants' sense of belonging to the group, but also effectively promote positive improvements in multiple core psychological health indicators such as emotional regulation ability optimization, relief of depression and anxiety symptoms, and improvement of life satisfaction. Its effect is comparable to previous research reports on the impact of collective music intervention on social function and emotional health. Further mechanism analysis indicates that group belonging is a potential key mediating pathway for the psychological promotion effect of opera choir training, which can effectively predict the improvement of participants' emotional regulation and life satisfaction. Based on existing findings, future research will further explore the optimal duration and frequency of training courses, and extend follow-up periods to assess long-term sustainability.

To investigate the effect of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) on lower limb motor function recovery in stroke patients with hemiplegia. In this parallel-group, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 80 patients with first-ever stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) were enrolled. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either routine rehabilitation (RR group, n = 40) or routine rehabilitation plus BFRT (RR + BFRT group, n = 40) for 8 weeks (5 days/week). Assessments performed before and after the intervention included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Lower Extremity (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) for key lower limb muscles. Baseline characteristics and all outcome measures were comparable between the two groups (all P > 0.05). After the intervention, both groups showed significant within-group improvements in FMA-LE, BBS, MBI, 6MWT, and MMT scores (all P < 0.05). The RR + BFRT group demonstrated significantly greater improvement than the RR group in FMA-LE, BBS, MBI, 6MWT, and MMT scores for the iliopsoas, quadriceps, and hamstrings (all P < 0.05). No between-group difference was found for tibialis anterior muscle strength (P > 0.05). Adjunctive BFRT can effectively enhance lower limb motor function, balance, walking capacity, and muscle strength in stroke patients with hemiplegia, leading to greater functional independence. BFRT appears to be a beneficial adjunct to routine stroke rehabilitation.

This study investigates the effectiveness of AI-powered mobile education in Russian corporate universities by identifying key factors that influence learning engagement and training success. A quantitative methodology was employed, utilising a structured questionnaire administered to 280 employees from leading Russian companies. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) to evaluate a model comprising perceived usefulness, system quality, AI personalisation, learning engagement and training outcomes. Findings indicate that artificial intelligence (AI) personalisation is the most significant determinant of learning engagement, fully mediating its impact on training effectiveness. While perceived usefulness and system quality also contribute, their influence is comparatively limited. The results suggest that successful digital transformation in corporate training requires not only advanced technology but also the development of engaging and personalised learning experiences. These insights are particularly relevant for human resources professionals and educational technology developers, emphasising the importance of adaptive learning algorithms and robust system architecture. This study is distinctive in its examination of an integrated model within the Russian corporate sector, offering a benchmark for the application of AI in workforce development.

Complement clauses, such as Mary says that Santa exists , are complex linguistic structures that have been argued to help children grasp others’ beliefs when those beliefs do not align with reality. This study investigates whether using children's books containing false-complement clauses can improve false-belief reasoning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children. The question is whether structured dialogic reading at home, led by parents, improves children's understanding of complex syntax and also false beliefs. The study involved 26 native French-speaking children, 14 with TD and 12 with ASD, aged between 34 and 121 months. Screening ensured that they had not mastered complement clauses or false-belief reasoning. The children's parents participated in a dyadic reading program over 8 weeks, with specially designed books targeting either complement or relative clause structures. A cross-over design was used so that all children were read both of the books but in two orders. Children were tested before, at the change-over point, and after all the training. It was hypothesized that improvement in false-belief tasks would occur only after exposure to the book containing false-complement clauses. Results showed that both ASD and TD children showed significant progress in false-belief tasks after reading the target book, but no improvement after reading the control book. Importantly, this improvement was consistent regardless of the child's clinical status. The relative clause training did not produce similar effects, indicating a specific advantage of complement training for theory of mind development. Statistical analyses confirmed these findings, with significant improvements seen in false complements ( P &lt; 0.001) and false beliefs ( P &lt; 0.01) across the intervention. In conclusion, the findings align with previous studies that suggest false-complement training boosts performance in false-belief tasks, and highlight the benefits of parent-led, home-based, ecological training of language.

Abstract Background With social aging deepening, the number of empty-nest elderly in cities is rising. Due to long-term loneliness, limited social interaction, chronic diseases, economic pressure, or the loss of a spouse and friends, this group faces a higher risk of depression. Traditional interventions mainly include psychological counseling, group guidance, or drug treatment, but many elderly have limited acceptance of these methods. Research shows that dancing has unique therapeutic effects on psychological disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and anxiety. Thus, using dance as psychotherapy is an effective way to release emotions, enhance self-perception, and improve social interaction. Based on this, the study explores the effect of folk dance training on depressive symptoms in urban empty-nest elderly, aiming to provide a scientific and practical reference for non-pharmacological psychological interventions for the elderly. Methods A total of 100 urban empty-nest elderly people were included in the study. All participants were screened through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Meets the criteria for mild to moderate depression risk. Participants were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 50 cases in each group. Both groups maintained their daily living activities. On this basis, the experimental group received folk dance intervention for 12 weeks, three times a week, for 60 minutes each time. The intervention content includes basic folk dance step training, rhythm and movement coordination practice, as well as group collaborative dance performances. Before and after the intervention, the GDS Scale, MMSE scale and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were used respectively to evaluate depressive symptoms, cognitive status and social support level. Data analysis was conducted using paired t-tests and intergroup comparisons. A p&amp;lt;.05 was considered statistically significant. Results After the intervention, the GDS score of the experimental group decreased from 18.5 ± 4.7 to 10.2 ± 3.8, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (p&amp;lt;.01). The MMSE score of the experimental group increased from 26.1 ± 2.9 to 27.8 ± 2.5, while the change in the control group was not significant (p&amp;gt;.05). The total score of SSRS in the experimental group increased from 31.2 ± 5.3 to 37.6 ± 4.9, and the level of social support significantly improved. The results show that folk dance training can effectively alleviate the depressive symptoms of empty-nest elderly people in cities, while improving their cognitive state and sense of social support. Discussion Folk dance training, as a non-pharmaceutical intervention method integrating exercise, music and social interaction, can significantly improve the depressive symptoms of empty-nest elderly people in cities, enhance their cognitive function and increase their sense of social support. This intervention method is safe, operable and easy to promote, providing an effective approach for mental health intervention in the elderly. In the future, Coco will further explore the differentiated roles of different dance elements (such as rhythm and movement complexity) on the improvement paths of mental health, providing theoretical support for the formation of standardized and individualized intervention plans.

Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. There is good evidence that brief interventions by health professionals can increase smoking cessation attempts. However, as new studies become available, the effectiveness of these training programmes needs to be re-assessed to inform public policy, clinical care, and guideline recommendations. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2000, and previously updated in 2012. To assess the effectiveness of training healthcare professionals to deliver smoking cessation interventions to their patients, and to assess the effects of training characteristics (such as content, setting, delivery, and intensity). We searched the following databases from inception to August 2024: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE; Embase; PsycINFO; ClinicalTrials.gov (through CENTRAL); and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (through CENTRAL). We also searched the references of eligible studies. We included randomised trials in which the intervention was training of healthcare professionals in smoking cessation. We considered trials for inclusion if they reported outcomes for patient smoking at least six months after the intervention. Process outcomes needed to be reported. However, we excluded trials that reported effects only on process outcomes and not smoking behaviour. The critical outcome measure was abstinence from smoking six months or more after baseline, using the strictest measure of abstinence available at the longest follow-up. Prolonged or continuous abstinence was preferred over point prevalence. Our important outcome was the number of participants who made a quit attempt. Working independently, two review authors evaluated the risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 1 tool, following guidance from the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group. Working independently, two review authors extracted information about the characteristics of each included study (i.e. interventions, participants, outcomes, and methods). We pooled studies using random-effects meta-analysis where possible and otherwise summarised findings using narrative synthesis in text and tables. We used the GRADE framework to assess the certainty of the evidence. We included 29 studies in the review, published between 1989 and 2024. Together, the studies provided training for over 4030 health professionals, and data for 38,178 participants. We assessed 10 studies to have an overall low risk of bias, 17 an unclear risk, and two to have an overall high risk of bias. Sixteen studies compared training of healthcare professionals in smoking cessation to no training, and assessed the effect on the number of participants abstinent at longest follow-up. High-certainty evidence indicates that smoking cessation training for healthcare professionals increases patient smoking cessation compared with no training (risk ratio (RR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 to 1.67; I2 = 48%; 16 studies, 16,513 participants). We conducted three subgroup analyses to test the effect of specific potential sources of heterogeneity: training intensity, type of healthcare professional trained, and treatment recommended in the training; none found evidence of between-group heterogeneity. Four studies assessed the effect of high-intensity training for healthcare professionals on the number of participants abstinent at longest follow-up compared with lower-intensity training. The evidence suggests that higher-intensity training may increase smoking cessation compared with lower-intensity training, though confidence intervals were wide and included the potential for no benefit (RR 1.64, 95% CI 0.86 to 3.12; I2 = 54%; 4 studies, 1151 participants; low-certainty evidence). Three studies assessed the impact of adjuncts to training on the number of participants abstinent at longest follow-up. We found low-certainty evidence that when the healthcare professionals treating them are trained in smoking cessation, more people may quit when also provided with nicotine replacement therapy (RR 1.64, 95% CI 0.72 to 3.71; I2 = 69%; 2 studies, 1892 participants), and very low-certainty evidence that providing prompts to healthcare professionals in addition to smoking cessation training may help more people to quit (RR 1.37, 95% CI 0.69 to 2.70; I2 = 66%; 3 studies, 2429 participants). However, in both cases, confidence intervals were wide and included the potential for no benefit. High-certainty evidence supports the effectiveness of training health professionals in smoking cessation when compared with no training. Multi-component investigations incorporating new pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation (such as varenicline and bupropion) or other cessation aids alongside physician training should be considered to determine if any additional benefit in long-term abstinence can be obtained. Production of this review was supported by PhD scholarship funding from the University of Adelaide and co-funded by Houd Research Group, awarded to KS. This review was first published outside of Cochrane in 1994 and subsequently updated as a Cochrane review in 2000 (DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000214) and 2012 (DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000214.pub2). No protocol was published or registered.

Persistent post-stroke ankle impairment hinders functional recovery. Brain-computer interface (BCI)-controlled ankle robot show rehabilitation potential, but their efficacy and underlying neuroplasticity remain unclear. To assess BCI-controlled ankle robot training on post-stroke lower-limb motor recovery and neuroplasticity using quantitative EEG (qEEG). Thirty-two stroke patients were randomized to BCI (n = 16, 40-minute BCI-robot training) or control (n = 16, 40-minute ankle-robot training) groups, receiving 5 sessions/week for 2 weeks. Outcomes included Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremity (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulatory Category (FAC), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), active range of motion (AROM), and muscle strength. QEEG assessed the relative power of the delta (rδ), theta (rθ), alpha (rα), beta (rβ) bands, spectral power ratios, pairwise-derived Brain Symmetry Index (pdBSI), and functional connectivity. Both groups showed significant within-group improvements in dorsiflexion AROM, dorsiflexor strength, FMA-LE, BBS, and FAC (P < .05). The BCI group demonstrated significantly greater FMA-LE improvement than controls (∆FMA-LE, P = .007) and reduced calf spasticity (MAS; P = .038). QEEG analysis in the BCI group revealed decreased rδ (P = .005), increased rα (P = .017), reduced DAR and DTABR (P < .05), reduced interhemispheric asymmetry (pdBSI-δ; P = .018), and enhanced Cz-parietal connectivity in α and β bands (P < .05). BCI-controlled ankle robot training significantly improved lower-limb motor function and reduced spasticity post-stroke. Associated neurophysiological changes, characterized by reduced slow-wave power and asymmetry, increased alpha power, and functional connectivity, indicated beneficial neuroplastic reorganization.Clinical trial registration number: China Clinical Trail Registry (ChiCTR2300074381; URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn).

Objective: To analyze the improvement effect of early postoperative rehabilitation training on balance ability and quality of life in elderly patients with hip fracture. Methods: A total of 50 elderly patients with hip fracture admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected and divided into the observation group (25 cases) and the control group (25 cases) by random number table method. The control group received routine nursing, while the observation group received early rehabilitation training on the basis of routine nursing. The balance ability (Berg Balance Scale, BBS) and quality of life (SF-36) of the two groups were compared. Results: The BBS scores of the observation group at all postoperative time points were significantly higher than those of the control group (p &lt; 0.05), and the quality-of-life scores of the observation group were also significantly higher than those of the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Early postoperative rehabilitation training for elderly patients with hip fracture can improve their balance ability, enhance their quality of life, and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective Whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is more effective than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among patients after stroke remains unclear. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of HIIT versus MICT on CRF. Methods We performed a literature search in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from their earliest publication record to February 2025. Randomized trials comparing the outcomes of HIIT and MICT in patients after stroke were included. The mean difference (MD) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were determined by pooling the means and standard deviations of pretreatment–posttreatment changes for the CRF outcomes [i.e., oxygen consumption at peak (V̇O 2-peak ) and at ventilation threshold (VO 2-VT )], mobility outcomes (i.e., walk endurance, speed, and postural balance) and training fidelity parameters (i.e., peak and mean heart rate during training sessions). Results Nine articles, encompassing eight trials and a total of 371 patients, were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that HIIT was more effective in improving V̇O 2-peak (MD = 1.88 mL/kg/min, 95% CI: 1.20 to 2.55, p &amp;lt; 0.05) and VO 2-VT (MD = 2.20 mL/kg/min, 95% CI: 0.46 to 3.95, p &amp;lt; 0.05). However, HIIT did not show greater effectiveness in improving the 6-min walk test, 10-meter gait speed, or Berg Balance Score. Regarding training fidelity, a significantly higher mean heart rate [measured as a percentage of heart rate reserve (HRR, %)] was observed in HIIT sessions (MD = 19.36% HRR, 95% CI: 13.83 to 24.90, p &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusion HIIT is more effective than MICT in improving V̇O 2-peak and VO 2-VT in patients after stroke, supporting HIIT may serve as an alternative for aerobic training in this population. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42025645342 , CRD42025645342.

ABSTRACT The commercial sexual exploitation of youth (CSEY) is a critical public health crisis, with survivors often experiencing profound trauma, distrust of formal support systems, and ambivalence toward care. Given these challenges, professionals working with CSEY require specialized training to engage and support survivors effectively. This study aimed to develop, pilot, and evaluate a Motivational Interviewing (MI) training program tailored for professionals assisting CSEY. The goals of this study were to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the MI-CSEY training in enhancing professional knowledge, attitudes, and skills in using MI techniques. The objectives included: (1) developing an MI training program specific to professionals working with CSEY, (2) piloting the program across seven geographical sites in Texas, and (3) evaluating its feasibility and impact on participant knowledge and self-efficacy. The MI-CSEY training was developed using formative evaluation methods, including focus groups with 11 service providers. A structured 14-hour training was implemented for 325 professionals, with knowledge and self-efficacy assessed using pre- and post-training surveys (MIKAT and MISSA). Results indicated that 75% of participants completed at least 80% of the training, with statistically significant improvements in MI knowledge (p = .026) and self-efficacy (p < .001). Participants reported high satisfaction, reinforcing the program’s feasibility and potential for broader application. Future research should explore the long-term impact of MI-CSEY training on professional practice and survivor outcomes. Additionally, developing a fully remote training option would enhance accessibility, ensuring more professionals nationwide receive the skills needed to support this vulnerable population.

To investigate the factors affecting the utilization of retired Thoroughbred racehorses in equestrian disciplines, Bayesian linear mixed models were separately fitted using rank, round time, and obstacle faults from show-jumping competitions restricted to retired Thoroughbred racehorses as dependent variables, with the interaction between horse sex and the interval from race retirement to competition (as a proxy for transition training to show-jumping) as a fixed effect. When the interval was short (≤1 year), the estimated marginal mean of rank was statistically significantly lower in stallions (0.26) than in mares (0.41) and geldings (0.39). However, ranking improved with longer intervals in all sexes, with the greatest improvement observed in stallions, and the significant sex-related differences disappeared at the 3-year interval, suggesting an effect of transition training on ranking. Round time improved significantly with longer intervals in all sexes, consistent with the ranking pattern; significant improvement in obstacle faults was observed only in stallions and geldings. The explanatory power of the models, including major random effects, rider, horse ability, sire and affiliation after retirement, was moderate (conditional R2: 0.40–0.65), whereas that of the fixed effects was small (marginal R2: 0.02–0.07), indicating the multifactorial nature of success in competition.

Hypertension is a major non-communicable disease, particularly challenging in regions with extensive service areas. Community health volunteers are essential for prevention and management through blood pressure measurement. Existing training programs focus primarily on knowledge, highlighting the need to integrate cognitive learning with small-group skills practice to enhance practical competencies and community-based hypertension control. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest design was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of combined lecture and small-group training. Knowledge was assessed before and after training, while skills were evaluated post-intervention. Thirty volunteers from the Public Health Center Selakau participated. The results showed that knowledge of blood pressure measurement improved significantly, with pretest scores of 74.67 ± 16.34 rising to posttest scores of 90.00 ± 10.50 (p &lt; 0.005). Posttest evaluation of practical skills showed a mean score of 80.93 ± 13.35, indicating proficient performance in most assessed items. Combined lecture and small-group training effectively enhanced both knowledge and practical skills of community health volunteers in blood pressure measurement. Integrating cognitive learning with hands-on practice strengthens theoretical understanding and field competencies, supporting more effective community-based hypertension control programs.

Electromyographic evaluation of effectiveness of passive stretch training in patients with temporomandibular disorders and limited mouth opening.

Purpose This study investigates the impact of managerial training on firms' innovation outcomes, focusing on how the “breadth” and “intensity” of training influence the likelihood of patent filings. Design/methodology/approach The analysis relies on a unique dataset that merges administrative training records from Fondirigenti – Italy's largest inter-professional fund for managerial training – with patent data from REGPAT and firm-level financial data from AIDA (the Italian section of Bureau van Dijk). To estimate the causal effects of training on innovation the study employs the Lewbel estimator using both endogenous and exogenous instruments. Additional analyses are conducted using probit models and Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW). Findings Results reveal a differentiated effect of training characteristics: the number of training programs attended by managers (“breadth”) has a significant positive impact on the likelihood of patent filings, while the total hours of training (“intensity”) does not. The positive association between training breadth and innovation is especially strong among smaller, less productive firms and those operating in supplier-dominated sectors. Practical implications Policymakers and firms should promote managers' training as a mean to igniting innovation, prioritizing the breadth of the scope of training opportunities over simply increasing training hours, especially when targeting innovation outcomes in smaller or less productive firms. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to causally link managerial training characteristics to firm-level innovation using a large-scale administrative dataset combined with patent and financial data, offering new insights into the nuanced effects of training “breadth” versus “intensity”.

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of sensory integration training combined with cognitive training in the rehabilitation treatment of children with mental retardation. Methods: A total of 120 children with mental retardation who received rehabilitation intervention in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2025 were selected and divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 60 children in each group. The control group adopted a conventional rehabilitation training program; the experimental group adopted a combined sensory integration training and cognitive training program. The sensory integration ability, cognitive function, and daily living skills of children in the two groups were compared. Results: The sensory integration ability score of the experimental group (85.3 ± 6.2) was significantly higher than that of the control group (72.1 ± 7.5) (p &lt; 0.05); the cognitive function score (88.7 ± 5.8) was significantly improved compared with that of the control group (76.4 ± 6.9) (p &lt; 0.05); the daily living skills score (90.2 ± 4.7) was significantly higher than that of the control group (80.5 ± 5.3) (p &lt; 0.05). The social interaction ability of the experimental group reached 92.5%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (81.3%) (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Sensory integration training combined with cognitive training demonstrates favorable outcomes in the rehabilitation treatment of children with mental retardation, exhibiting a notable neurofunctional remodeling effect. It can optimize the multidimensional rehabilitation process, effectively enhance the comprehensive developmental potential of children, and hold significant clinical application value.

Purpose This study evaluated combined restorative and compensatory rehabilitation on executive functions in acute stroke patients with mild cognitive impairment. Materials and Methods A randomized controlled trial with 36 acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke patients compared combined restorative and compensatory rehabilitation (n = 18) to conventional therapy (n = 18). Outcomes were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), Cognitive Assessment Scale (CASP), and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SSQOL) at baseline, 3rd, 6th, and 9th weeks, analyzed with ANOVA methods. Results By week 9, the experimental group showed clear gains. MOCA rose from 20.5 ± 2.3 to 27.1 ± 1.8 (95% CI 26.3–28.0, p0.05). CASP from 45.2 ± 4.8 to 50.3 ± 4.0 (95% CI 48.0–52.6, p0.05) and MRS improved more than controls (3.5 ± 0.7 → 2.7 ± 0.5, p<0.05). SSQOL declined in controls 140.2 ± 12.1 to 128.0 ± 10.2 (p0.05) Conclusions Combined restorative and compensatory rehabilitation proved more effective than conventional cognitive training, enhancing executive functioning, independence, and quality of life in stroke survivors with mild cognitive impairment.

Dementia contributes to the disease burden worldwide, and people with hypertension or type 2 diabetes are at an elevated risk of developing dementia. It is essential to prevent or delay cognitive decline in people at high risk within the community. Our trials aim to evaluate the effects of adaptive cognitive training on community-dwelling older adults with hypertension or type 2 diabetes but no dementia. Two multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trials, named COgNitive Training in community-dwelling older adults at high risk for demENTia and with Hypertension (CONTENT-Hypertension) and COgNitive Training in community-dwelling older adults at high risk for demENTia and with Diabetes (CONTENT-Diabetes), will be conducted to investigate the effects of adaptive cognitive training on participants aged 60 years or above who have been diagnosed with hypertension or type 2 diabetes but no dementia. Each trial will enrol 120 participants. Participants will be recruited from the local community in Shijingshan and Haidian Districts, Beijing, and allocated to either the intervention or control group using a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group will engage in 12 weeks of adaptive cognitive training, while the control group will receive 12 weeks of placebo cognitive training. A 24-week follow-up assessment will be conducted for all participants to evaluate the persistence of the effects. The primary outcome is the 12-week change in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Basic scores from baseline to the end of the intervention (12 weeks). Secondary outcomes include 6-week and 24-week changes in the MoCA from baseline; 6-week, 12-week and 24-week changes in Trail Making Test-A&B (TMT-A, TMT-B), Digit Symbol Substitution Test, the WHO/University of California at Los Angeles Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Boston Naming Test scores of cognitive functions; 6-week and 12-week changes in Geriatric Depression Scale, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and 12-week change in blood pressure (CONTENT-Hypertension) or fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin (CONTENT-Diabetes) from baseline. This study will adhere to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and comply with international standards for Good Clinical Practice. All participants will sign the informed consent at baseline. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (approval numbers: 2023-139 and 2024-162). The findings of the trials will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals and presented at academic conferences. NCT06512922 and NCT06524388.

Generation Z nursing students, accustomed to text and video communication, face challenges in direct interaction, relationship building, and clinical adaptation. This study aims to investigate the effects of handover training using video-based debriefings on nursing students' teamwork attitudes. This mixed-methods study employed a sequential exploratory design. The study was conducted from March to October 2024. Handover training using video-based debriefings was administered to 37 fourth-year nursing students. Pre-test and post-test surveys assessing teamwork attitudes were conducted, and 15 participants engaged in individual interviews. Teamwork attitudes were analyzed using a paired t-test, and the qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Teamwork attitudes significantly improved from 4.28 to 4.58 out of 5. Three themes emerged: (1) recognizing handover-related challenges that hinder patient care provision; (2) learning the power of collaboration to support continuity of care; and (3) achieving patient-centered care through effective teamwork. Handover training using video-based debriefings effectively enhances communication, collaboration, and nursing students' understanding of teamwork by fostering both self-reflection and peer reflection. These improvements are anticipated to ultimately support the delivery of safer, high-quality, and patient-centered care.

INTRODUCTIONThe very long‐term effect of cognitive training on the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) is unknown.METHODSThis study links data from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study (a four‐arm randomized controlled trial of cognitive training in a large, diverse sample) to Medicare claims (1999 to 2019). Inclusion in the analyses required being enrolled in traditional Medicare at baseline (n = 2021). ADRD was measured with the Chronic Conditions Warehouse algorithm.RESULTSParticipants randomized to the speed‐training arm who completed one or more booster sessions had a significantly lower risk of diagnosed ADRD (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59, 0.95), while speed‐trained participants with no booster training did not have a lower risk of diagnosed ADRD (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.27). There was no main effect of memory or reasoning training on risk of ADRD.CONCLUSIONSCognitive training involving speed of cognitive processing has the potential to delay the diagnosis of ADRD.HighlightsThe ACTIVE study (a four‐arm randomized controlled trial of cognitive training in a large, representative sample) reports that the speed intervention arm of the study showed a reduced likelihood of being diagnosed with ADRD over a 20‐year follow‐up period.No prior cognitive training intervention has been shown to reduce risk of ADRD over a 20‐year period.Cognitive training involving speeded, dual attention, adaptive tasks has the potential to delay the diagnosis of ADRD.

The article examines the role of digital knowledge management tools in ensuring the innovative development of modern organisations in the context of digital transformation and the knowledge economy. Theoretical approaches to knowledge management are substantiated, the classification of digital tools and mechanisms of their impact on the innovation process are revealed. It has been determined that knowledge is a strategic resource, and effective management of knowledge is a necessary prerequisite for increasing the competitiveness and adaptability of an organisation to today's realities. The essence and functional capabilities of modern digital knowledge management tools are analysed, in particular corporate databases, document management systems (DMS), learning management systems (LMS), learning experience platforms (LXP), team collaboration platforms, analytical systems and artificial intelligence-based solutions. Their impact on the processes of creation, accumulation, dissemination and use of knowledge, as well as on the formation of organisational experience and support for innovative activities, is considered. Attention is paid to the role of artificial intelligence and knowledge analytics in improving the effectiveness of management decision-making, personalising training and stimulating innovative activity among staff. It has been proven that integrating AI solutions into knowledge management systems helps accelerate knowledge sharing, reduce the risk of losing important information, and increase the digital maturity of organisations. Emphasis was placed on organisational and cultural factors for the effective use of digital tools, in particular the development of a culture of open knowledge sharing, interdisciplinary interaction and continuous learning. It has been proven that digital knowledge management tools not only optimise internal processes, but also shape the organisation's innovative ecosystem focused on creating and commercialising new ideas. They are a key driver of the organisation's innovative development, as they provide an effective combination of technologies, processes and human capital, and enable the organisation to quickly adapt to changes, increase the effectiveness of collective intelligence and introduce innovations into all aspects of its activities.