Effect Of Therapeutic Horseback Riding Research Articles

The Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Communication and Socialization Abilities of the Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

The Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Communication and Socialization Abilities of the Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

재활승마가 지적장애 성인의 평형성에 미치는 영향

The main purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of therapeutic horseback riding on the balance of adults with intellectual disability by appling the biomechanics equipment of sole pressure measurement. This study was conducted on 20 adults with intellectual disabilities who can communicate and not restricted of physical activity.<BR> The followings are the major findings of the analysis. The measurement of stance and gait by biomechanics factors to find out the transition of physical balance changes of the samples, before and after the therapeutic horseback riding program intervention, resulted can not enhanced static and kinetic balance of adults with intellectual disabilities.<BR> Therapeutic horseback riding increases the amount of physical activity of people with intellectual disabilities and improves the health and quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities. Unfortunately, however, this study targeted adults with intellectual disabilities in their mid-40s who had no prior experience in participation, lack of time, and physical activity, making it difficult to draw positive and distinct effects of therapeutic horseback riding. However, the 24-week therapeutic horseback riding program was not statistically significant, but a positive range of changes is considered necessary to establish a better therapeutic horseback riding program for adults with intellectual disabilities by setting various research methods.

Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Children with Developmental Disabilities and Neural Patients

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the evidence that therapeutic horseback riding can improve balance, muscle, ADL, equivalenc, GMFM, gait, emotion with developmental disabilities and neural patients. Methods: To conduct meta-analysis, the search focused on studies that employed therapeutic horseback riding for developmental dis abilities and neural patients for which eight databases (KIS, RISS, DBpia, National Assembly Library, Pubmed, Embase, Google scholar and Cochrane Library) were used to extract literature published from 2002 to September 2019. The data were analyzed the RevMan 3.5.3 program. Results: As a result of meta-analysis, therapeutic horseback riding total effect size is 0.552 for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients. And effect size result of according to assessment type variable first, balance effect size is 0.594. Second, muscle ac tivities effect size is 0.425. Third, ADL effect size is 0.430. Fourth, equivalance effect size is 0.640. Fifth, GMFM effect size is 0.482. Sixth, gait effect size is 0.400 and seventh emotion effect size is 0.876. Conclusion: These findings is horseback riding is effective The effect size by outcome was observed to be the effective for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients. and also the horseback riding provided the positive effects of balance, muscle activities, ADL, equivalance, GMFM, gait, emotion for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the development of effective treatments for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients therapeutic horse back riding and the development of study.

Effects of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Cognition and Language in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder or Intellectual Disability: A Preliminary Study.

ObjectiveTo investigate if therapeutic horseback riding (THR) can improve language and cognitive function in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability (ID).MethodsWe conducted a prospective case-control study on children diagnosed with ASD or ID. Eighteen and 11 children were enrolled for THR and control groups, respectively. For 8 weeks, those in the THR group underwent conventional therapy plus 30 minutes of THR per week while controls only received conventional therapy. Participants’ language (using Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test [REVT] and Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale [PRES]) and cognitive abilities (using Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children [K-ABC] and the cognitive domain of Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II [BSID-II]) were assessed at baseline and at 8 weeks after treatment.ResultsThere was no baseline difference between the two groups. In the THR group, there were statistically significant improvements in most domains after THR including receptive and expressive language and cognition compared to those before THR. In the control group, however, only receptive vocabulary ability assessed by REVT and cognitive function assessed by BSID-II showed improvements after conventional therapy. However, there were no statistically significant differences in language or cognitive abilities between the two groups at 8 weeks after treatment.ConclusionThese results suggest that THR might improve language and cognitive abilities. Although the mechanisms and pathways involved in such improvements are currently unclear based on our findings, THR might have potential to optimize language and cognitive abilities of children with ASD and ID.

The Effects of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Balance

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of therapeutic horseback riding (THR) as an interven-tion to improve the balance of 30 individuals who par-ticipated in a Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International (PATH INTL) therapeutic riding member program. The study lasted 10 weeks, with each participant receiving the intervention once a week for thirty minutes. The therapeutic riding program in-cluded several standard components in each session to challenge the balance of riders with disabilities. A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design was used to examine the effects of THR for a single session, short-term 10-week period, and sustained effects after the program ended. The Multi-Directional Reach Test (MDRT; Newton, 2001) was used to quantify balance during the study. Paired t-tests were conducted to exam-ine a relationship between THR and balance outcomes. Recreational therapy applications and research implica-tions are also discussed. Subscribe to TRJ

장애학생 재활승마운동의 효과성에 대한 메타분석

장애학생 재활승마운동의 효과성에 대한 메타분석

Long-Term Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Trial.

This paper presents 6-month follow-up data of 44% (N = 64/116) of participants (ages 6–16 years) with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, who participated in a previously-published randomized controlled trial of therapeutic horseback riding (THR) compared to a no-horse contact active control. The objective of this study was to examine whether significant improvements of irritability, hyperactivity, social, and communication behaviors observed in participants randomized to receive a 10-week manual-based THR intervention were sustained 6 months after the intervention conclusion. Participants' caregivers from both the THR (n = 36) and active control (n = 28) groups completed a measure of irritability and hyperactivity behaviors (primary outcome variables). Additionally, only the THR group participants completed the full battery of study outcomes assessments. Between group comparisons examining the extended interval from baseline (1-month pre-intervention assessment) to 6-months after the intervention revealed that the THR group maintained reductions in irritability behavior at a 0.1 level (effect size = 0.32, p = 0.07). (Effect size = 0.32, p = 0.07), which was 73% of efficacy preserved from the primary post-intervention endpoint (within 1-month post-intervention). Hyperactivity behaviors did not sustain this same trend. Comparisons from baseline and 6-months after the intervention revealed that the THR group sustained significant initial improvements made in social and communication behaviors, along with number of words and different words spoken during a standard language sample. This is the first known study to examine and demonstrate the longer-term effects of THR for individuals with ASD and warrants a more thorough evaluation of whether the effects of THR are maintained for at least 6-months after the intervention compared to a control.Clinical Trial Registration Information: Trial of Therapeutic Horseback Riding in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder; http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02301195.

The Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Sensory Processing of Children with Autism

Cross-sectional quasi- experimental research design was carried out to examine whether the delivering series of therapeutic horseback riding intervention resulted in an enhancement of sensory characteristics required for effective sensory possessing in children with autism for the experimental group compared to the control group. The participants of this study were 16 children with autism recruited from Al-Wafaa Center for Autism Related Disabilities in Bhrain. It was hypothesized that children with autism provided with Therapeutic Horseback riding in a natural setting (n= 8) would exhibit improvement in sensory processing compared to children who did not get the treatment (n= 8) following an 8- consecutive weeks of therapeutic horseback riding activity. The result of this study indicated that therapeutic horseback riding has a positive impact on sensory profile of children with autism across all sensory dimensions; visual, auditory, smell, tolerance, dehlez, and movement. Further research is needed to allow the use of larger experimental and control samples, and to allow longitudinal studies in order to evaluate the duration of intervention benefits.

Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Posture in Children with Cerebral Palsy

The purpose of this study was to measure postural changes in children with spastic cerebral palsy after participation in a therapeutic horseback riding program. Eleven children with moderate to severe spastic cerebral palsy, aged 2 years 4 months to 9 years 6 months, were selected for this study and underwent postural assessments according to a repeated-measures design. Assessment of posture was performed by a panel of three pediatric physical therapists, using a postural assessment scale designed by the author. A composite score for each test interval was calculated for each child, and a median score was calculated for the entire group at each test interval. Data were analyzed using a Friedman test, assuming an alpha level of .05. A statistically significant difference was found between the three test intervals with significant improvement occurring during the period of therapeutic riding. Clinical improvements were also noted in muscle tone and balance as evidenced by improved functional skills. These results constitute the first objective measure supporting the efficacy of therapeutic horseback riding on posture in children with cerebral palsy.

The effect of therapeutic horseback riding on heart rate variability of children with disabilities.

BackgroundHeart rate variability (HRV) is the oscillation in the interval between consecutive heart beats, resulting from dynamic interplay between multiple physiologic mechanisms that regulate instantaneous heart rate. Short-term heart rate regulation is governed by sympathetic and parasympathetic neural activity and therefore HRV examination can be used as a non-invasive estimate of the functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).AimTo determine the effects of therapeutic horseback riding (THR) intervention on the HRV of children with disabilities. The objective was to examine if THR intervention improves the HRV of children, hence improving the parasympathetic activity that is associated with a calm and relaxed state.MethodsThis is a quasi-experimental design. Heart rate variability components were measured over six intervention sessions of THR. Heart rate variability measures were recorded from 29 participants with various disabilities, and was assessed in both time and frequency domains.ResultsOver the six THR sessions, the time domain showed an increase in HRV for pre-THR indicating improved vagal activation, whereas frequency domain showed both increased sympathetic activity and increased parasympathetic activation during THR based on different components of frequency domain.ConclusionTherapeutic horseback riding intervention of six sessions demonstrated a change in HRV of children with disabilities. However, the changes obtained were not significant to make conclusive measures as to whether sympathetic or parasympathetic activity is predominantly increased after the six sessions. Further research involving more than six sessions of THR is required to yield more significant changes.

Effects of Therapeutic Riding in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

This study examined the effect of therapeutic horseback riding in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Participants were placed in a therapeutic riding (TR) group (n=7) or physical therapy (PT) group (n=7). This study was then conducted for 30 minutes, twice a week, for 8 weeks. The gross motor function measure (GMFM), range of motion (ROM), and spasticity test (ST) were analyzed pre-test (TR0 and PT0), mid-test (TR1 and PT1), and post-test (TR2 and PT2). We used the SPSS 12.0 statistical software for data analysis. We observed significant changes in GMFM Dimension C (crawling and kneeling), D (standing), and E (walking, running, and jumping) between TR2 and TR0 (P < 0.05). In the control group, GMFM Dimension B (sitting) and E showed significant changes between PT2 compared to PT0 (P < 0.05). In future studies we will consider using a therapeutic riding program for the treatment of children with disorders.

The Effects of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Equilibrium for Children with Disabilities

This study was performed on 26 disabled adolescent participants (16 male, 10 female) with the objective of testing changes in equilibrium after engagement in horseback riding. Participants of total 26 persons were divided into three groups as follows: 6 children with Cerebral Palsy (CP), 14 children with Intellectual Disability (ID) and 6 children with Autism (AT). Participants engaged in therapeutic horseback riding (TR) two times per week for 30 minutes per session. The 26 participants demonstrated a considerable increase in equilibrium ability, with an average increase in equilibrium time of 44.22 ± 50.70 see after TR. Equilibrium also increased according to disability group: CP (p<0.05), ID (p<0.001), and AT (p<0.05). TR should be considered as a possible method for improving functionality in the physically disabled. This data may also be usefully applied to the development of a horseback riding program for the improvement of equilibrium in the disabled.

Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Balance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Balance Deficits

Falls are an important cause of morbidity in older adults. Equine-assisted activities including therapeutic riding (TR) benefit balance and neuromuscular control in patients with neurological disabilities but have not been systematically studied in older adults at greater risk for falls due to balance deficits. The effect of an 8-week TR program on measures of balance and quality of life in community-dwelling older adults with established balance deficits was evaluated. This was a pretest-post-test single-group trial of a TR program on measures of balance and quality of life. The study was conducted at a Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship (PATH) International Premier riding center. The subjects comprised 9 adults (5 female, 4 males) with a mean age 76.4 years (range 71-83 years). This included an 8-week observation period followed by an 8-week TR program consisting of 1 hour per week of supervised horseback riding and an 8-week follow-up period. SUBJECTS received balance testing at weeks 0, 8, 16, and 24 using the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (FABS), and quality of life was measured at weeks 8 and 16 using the Rand SF (short form) 36 quality-of-life measure. OUTCOME MEASURES were change in the FABS and Rand SF 36. There was no significant difference in balance scores between the start and end of the observation period. There was a significant improvement in the balance score and perception of general health from the start to the end of the intervention period, and no significant difference between the end of the intervention and the end of study, suggesting that improvements may have been sustained. TR is a safe activity for older adults with mild to moderate balance deficits and leads to both improvements in balance and quality of life. Longer and larger studies to assess the benefit of equine-assisted activities on improvements in balance and reduction in fall risk are needed.

The Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Balance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Equine assisted activities (hippotherapy and therapeutic riding) improve balance in patients with disabilities such as cerebral palsy, but have not been systematically studied in older adults, at risk of falls due to balance deficits. We conducted a 10-week, single blind, controlled trial of the effect of a therapeutic horseback riding course on measures of balance in community-dwelling adults 65 years and older. Nine riders and six controls completed the trial. Controls were age matched to riders and all participants were recruited from the local community. Both groups showed improvements in balance during the trial, but did not reach statistical significance. Sample size was small, participants had relatively high initial balance scores, and controls tended to increase their physical activities, likely influencing outcomes. No adverse events occurred and the supervised therapeutic riding program appeared to be a safe and effective form of exercise to improve balance in older adults. A power analysis was performed to estimate numbers of participants needed for a larger study.

The Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on 5 Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study

The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of therapeutic horseback riding on behavior, health-related quality of life, and motor performance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study employed a time series quasi-experimental design with two pretests and two post-tests conducted 8 weeks apart. The study was conducted at a riding school in Levanger, Norway. The subjects comprised a convenience sample of 5 children aged 10-11 years with ADHD. Subjects received a 1-hour therapeutic horseback riding twice a week for 8 weeks as intervention. Behavior and health-related quality of life was assessed using Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and The KINDL(R)-Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire, respectively. The Modified Function-Neurological Assessment and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children assessed the subject's motor performance. The pre- and post-tests scores were compared with the Wilcoxon paired sample tests and the Friedman test for nonparametric multiple test samples. Positive differences (p≤0.05) between the test results at pretest 2 and post-test 1 were noted for the behavior SDQ subscore "Total difficulties" reported by children (12.8±5.8), by parents (16.6±8.2), and by teachers (15.0±5.2). A significant difference (p<0.05) for the "Total difficulties" in SDQ was found between all 4 tests. In relation to quality of life, significant differences in the "Total score" (67.2±14.7) were reported by the children themselves. The motor performance improved after the intervention. The effect sizes and power were established. The results of the present study indicate that therapeutic horseback riding had a positive effect on 5 children with ADHD in several domains of the social role behavior, quality of life, and motor performance. This pilot study constitutes a good scientific prospect for future studies.

The Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Social Functioning in Children with Autism

This study evaluated the effects of therapeutic horseback riding on social functioning in children with autism. We hypothesized that participants in the experimental condition (n = 19), compared to those on the wait-list control (n = 15), would demonstrate significant improvement in social functioning following a 12-weeks horseback riding intervention. Autistic children exposed to therapeutic horseback riding exhibited greater sensory seeking, sensory sensitivity, social motivation, and less inattention, distractibility, and sedentary behaviors. The results provide evidence that therapeutic horseback riding may be a viable therapeutic option in treating children with autism spectrum disorders.

The Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Gross Motor Function and Gait Speed in Children Who Are Developmentally Delayed

The Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Gross Motor Function and Gait Speed in Children Who Are Developmentally Delayed

The Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Gross Motor Function and Gait Speed in Children Who Are Developmentally Delayed

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of a seven-week therapeutic horseback riding program and to determine if changes were retained after therapeutic riding was discontinued. A repeated-measures within-participants design was used to assess performance on the Gross Motor Function Measure and timed 10-meter walk in seven developmentally delayed children. A statistically significant improvement in gross motor function was found in post-intervention measures. Improvements were maintained seven weeks after therapeutic riding had ended. No considerable difference in gait speed was noted. This study indicates that therapeutic riding may lead to improvement in gross motor function in developmentally delayed children and that these improvements remain once therapeutic riding ceases.

Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Extremity Weightbearing in a Child with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy

Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Extremity Weightbearing in a Child with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy

The Effects of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Balance

This study sought to determine the effects of therapeutic horseback riding on the balance of eight individuals with mental retardation. The subjects were initially tested on four standing balance items and six quadruped balance items. Next, 6 months passed with no intervention. The intention of this time lapse was to use the subjects as their own control. After this delay, the subjects were tested again using the same procedure as in the initial testing. They were then involved in a 6-month therapeutic riding program designed to provide vestibular stimulation in a variety of ways, with the horse’s movement as a base. A third identical testing session occurred at the end of the therapeutic riding program. The results of the study showed that significant improvement was seen on standing and quadruped balance after the therapeutic riding program. It is concluded that if programming goals for individuals with mental retardation include improved balance, then therapeutic riding may be beneficial to those goals.