ABSTRACT Deep peak-shaving operation of thermal power units significantly alters the combustion environment in the furnace. However, the patterns and mechanisms of the influence of deep peak-shaving conditions on ash deposition and NOx emission characteristics during high-alkali coal combustion remain insufficiently understood. Hence, this study conducted experimental research on Zhundong high-alkali coal under air-staged combustion conditions using a vertical two-stage furnace system, systematically investigating the effects of combustion temperature, excess air ratio, and air-staged degree on ash deposition propensity and NOx emission characteristics under deep peak-shaving conditions. The findings reveal that an increase in combustion temperature promotes ash melting and fuel nitrogen release, exacerbating both ash deposition and NOx emissions. While an increase in the excess air ratio can suppress albite formation and alter ash deposition propensity, it simultaneously elevates the NOx conversion rate. Further analysis demonstrates that increasing the over-fire air (OFA) ratio significantly reduces the nitrogen conversion rate. However, under deep air-staged conditions, low load operation tends to promote the formation of albite in ash, potentially aggravating deposition issues. This study systematically clarifies the mechanisms through which key operational parameters in deep peak-shaving processes, a previously underexplored area, govern ash deposition and NOx emissions during high-alkali coal combustion. It thereby provides essential experimental evidence and theoretical guidance for achieving safe, clean, and flexible operation of high-alkali coal-fired units under deep peak-shaving conditions.

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the dynamic hysteresis properties of a sandwiched trilayer system with square lattices in a mixed-spin ( 1 / 2 , 1 , 1 / 2 ) configuration using the dynamic mean-field approach. We have analyzed the effects of temperature, magnetic field amplitude, intralayer couplings ( J 1 , J 2 ) and interlayer bilinear coupling ( J 3 ) on the remanent magnetization and coercive field. The results reveal that high positive interlayer bilinear interaction parameter values lead to high coercivity, indicating stronger magnetic coupling between layers, whereas negative J 3 or low J 2 values decrease the coercivity and exhibit complex remanent magnetization behavior. Double and triple hysteresis loops were observed in this system. These results shed light on how to adjust the magnetic characteristics for possible use in magnetic sensors and data storage technologies.

We theoretically investigate the spin-Hall and valley-Hall transport properties of monolayer jacutingaite (Pt2HgSe3) under an off-resonant circularly polarized light field and a perpendicular electric field. Using a low-energy massive Dirac model combined with linear resp Alipourzadeh onse theory, we analyze how spin-orbit coupling, inversion-symmetry breaking, optical driving, and finite temperature jointly influence the Hall conductivities. At zero temperature, the spin-Hall and valley-Hall conductivities exhibit step-like plateau features, reflecting the underlying topological character of the massive Dirac bands. The off-resonant circularly polarized light effectively renormalizes the Dirac mass and modifies the band structure, enabling controllable transitions between distinct Hall response regimes. While the spin-Hall effect arises intrinsically from strong spin-orbit coupling, the valley-Hall effect appears only when inversion symmetry is broken by a staggered sublattice potential, with characteristic critical points associated with gap closing. At finite temperatures, thermal broadening smooths these plateau-like features into continuous Fermi energy dependent responses and reduces the magnitude of both Hall effects. Nevertheless, the corresponding topological signatures remain robust at low and moderate temperatures, particularly near charge neutrality. We further show that circularly polarized light alone cannot generate a finite valley-Hall response at finite temperatures without inversion symmetry breaking. These results demonstrate that the combined action of optical driving, electric field control, and thermal effects provides an effective route to manipulate spin and valley transport in jacutingaite, highlighting its potential for tunable spintronic and valleytronic applications.

A primary bottleneck in deploying Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors lies in their inherent dual sensitivity to thermal and mechanical variations, which mandates robust decoupling mechanisms for precise parameter extraction. To address this persistent cross-sensitivity issue, this study introduces a novel interrogation scheme that integrates a Convolutional Neural Network with a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-BiLSTM) architecture. Instead of relying on conventional peak-tracking algorithms or isolated central wavelengths, our proposed data-driven strategy directly mines structural features from the full reflection spectra, thereby substantially mitigating cross-interference errors. The experimental results reveal that the coefficients of determination (R2) for strain and temperature prediction reach 99.37% and 99.75% each, while the root mean square errors (RMSEs) are 13.51 µε and 1.42 °C, respectively. The proposed method requires only a single FBG sensor, which reduces the sensor requirements, showing great potential in sensing applications requiring low costs and high adaptability. In addition, in some special environments, temperature information cannot be obtained, so we utilize another reference FBG to realize the temperature compensation. Meanwhile, we proposed a spectral differencing method (SDM) by differencing the spectra of the two FBGs to obtain the spectra containing only strain information and sent them as a dataset for model training, with a 4-times improvement in accuracy over traditional compensation methods. Finally, we also explored the application of the system for distributed FBGs, achieving an absolute peak wavelength interrogation precision of approximately ±0.02 nm. The system is expected to be applied in the field of structural health monitoring, which is promising even in harsh environments.

Cement stabilisation efficacy in tropical coastal regions is critically compromised by high soil salinity and temperatures, yet the underlying synergistic mechanisms remain insufficiently characterised. This study quantitatively investigated the evolution of unconfined compressive strength (qu) and microstructural alterations in cement-stabilised silt under varying pore-water salinities (S0 = 0%–4%) and curing temperatures (5°C, 25°C, 45°C). Mercury intrusion porosimetry revealed that increasing salinity from 0% to 4% reduced micropore porosity by 17.8%–19.4% and increased macropore porosity by 44.9%–46.2% under elevated temperatures, reducing water-retention capacity. Scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis indicated that elevated salinity and temperature synergistically enhanced ettringite (AFt) formation and drove a morphological transition, inducing microcracking and pore expansion. Consequently, qu exhibited linear degradation with increasing salinity and temperature. Crucially, high-salinity samples (S0 ≥ 3%) cured at 45°C suffered structural disintegration on immersion, causing a complete loss of strength. This study reveals that the expansive behaviour of AFt crystals induced by salinity–temperature synergy, combined with their physical deterioration of the microstructure driven by osmotic pressure upon water immersion, constitutes the primary mechanism for strength degradation in cement-stabilised silt. These findings reveal appreciable engineering implications for coastal cement stabilisation projects, necessitating durability assessments explicitly accounting for coupled salinity-thermal-wetting conditions.

This study aimed to obtain antioxidant and antidiabetic peptides from fennel seed protein through ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis, by examining the effects of pH (6.0-9.0), temperature (40-60°C), enzyme-to-substrate ratio (1-10%), and hydrolysis time (0.5-24 h) using Alcalase and Flavourzyme. Sequential hydrolysis with Pepsin was also conducted to enhance peptide release. Ultrasound pretreatment increased degree of hydrolysis (DH) by 40.2% and enhanced DPPH inhibition by 96.9%. The highest DH (74.19%) and DPPH inhibition (62.14%) were obtained using Alcalase and Flavourzyme (1:1), further increased to 81.29% and 75.12% with subsequent Pepsin hydrolysis. After hydrolysis, ultrafiltration yielded <10 kDa peptide fractions, which exhibited stronger antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 15.19 μg/mL (DPPH), 29.45 μg/mL (ABTS), and 15.28 μg/mL (hydroxyl radicals), and higher ferric reducing power (1.71 mg Trolox/mL). Moreover, peptides demonstrated enhanced metal chelating activity (IC50: 42.29 mg/mL), α-amylase inhibition (IC50: 10.50 mg/mL), and α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50: 10.42 mg/mL).

Permeability is a critical parameter for evaluating the production potential of natural gas hydrate reservoirs, and its accurate prediction is essential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However, existing permeability models often assume a uniform particle distribution, neglecting the inherent heterogeneity of natural sediments, and rarely fully couple the effects of effective stress and temperature variations induced by EOR operations. To address that gap, this study develops a novel non-empirical fractal permeability model that incorporates particle heterogeneity through an offset angle (θ) and an aspect ratio (m), and couples these with thermoelastic theory to describe the evolution of the pore structure under coupled thermo-mechanical conditions. The model accounts for two hydrate growth habits (grain-coating and pore-filling) and allows for their coexistence via weighting coefficients. Using this model, we systematically investigate the individual and combined effects of effective stress, temperature, particle heterogeneity, and hydrate saturation on permeability. Model predictions are validated against independent experimental data from multiple sources, showing good agreement. The results reveal that permeability decreases with increasing effective stress and temperature, with stress playing a more dominant role; moreover, the transition between hydrate growth habits under stress is captured. The proposed model provides a theoretical tool to understand permeability evolution in heterogeneous hydrate reservoirs under varying thermo-mechanical conditions, thereby supporting EOR strategy optimization.

Nickel-supported catalysts over SiO2-CeO2 mixed oxides were investigated as catalysts for syngas production via dry reforming of methane. SiO2-CeO2 supports were optimized by varying the preparation method and ceria loading with the aim of stabilizing nickel nanoparticles, enhancing the catalytic performance, and improving the resistance to coke formation under high-temperature reforming conditions. To investigate the effect of support composition, SiO2-CeO2 mixed oxides with ceria contents ranging from 5 to 30 wt% were prepared using two synthesis routes: sol–gel and wetness impregnation methods. A nickel loading of 5 wt% was deposited on the resulting supports. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and Raman spectroscopy. Catalytic activity tests were carried out over reduced catalysts in an H2-He stream at 750 °C, using a feed mixture containing 15 vol% CH4 and 15 vol% CO2 in He. The effect of temperature on catalytic performance was evaluated in the range of 450–750 °C. Thermogravimetric, XRD and Raman analyses of spent catalysts were used to assess carbon deposition and the nature of crystalline phases. The results highlight the role of CeO2 content and preparation method in determining nickel dispersion, reducibility, catalytic performance in DRM, and coke resistance.

Background Research on special climatic regions, such as dry-hot valleys and high-altitude areas, is gradually emerging. Taking the dry-hot valley climate of Panzhihua as an example, this study explores the potential relationship between the risk of hospitalization due to metabolic syndrome (MetS) combined with cerebral infarction in the local older population and meteorological factors, specifically temperature and humidity. Methods Daily meteorological data, air pollution data, and records of hospital admissions for MetS complicated with cerebral infarction at Panzhihua Central Hospital were collected from 2016 to 2020. A distributed lag nonlinear model was applied to analyze the impact of daily mean temperature and relative humidity on admission risk among adults aged over 60. Results High temperature was associated with a reduced risk of hospital admission for MetS with cerebral infarction among older adults. The relative risk (RR) reached its minimum at lag day 17 (RR = 0.940, 95% CI: 0.887–0.996). Similarly, relatively high humidity and high humidity also reduced admission risk, with the lowest RR values observed at lag days 19 and 18, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that men experienced reduced admission risk when exposed to high temperature and high humidity, whereas women showed reduced risk under low temperature conditions. In the 60–75 age group, protective effects were observed with exposure to relatively high temperature, low humidity, relatively high humidity, and high humidity. However, no statistically significant effects of temperature or humidity exposure were found among individuals over 75 years of age. Conclusion High temperature and high humidity may reduce the overall risk of hospital admission for MetS with cerebral infarction among older adults. However, these effects vary across different subgroups. Therefore, public health policies should be tailored to specific demographic groups.

In this study, molecular dynamics was used to investigate the adhesion properties between polyurethane and aggregate and to reveal the adhesion mechanism between polyurethane and aggregate. The influence of the aggregate type and temperature on the polyurethane-aggregate adhesion properties was investigated. The polyurethane-aggregate adhesion properties were evaluated using interaction energy, interaction energy fraction, adhesion work, radial distribution function, fractional free volume and relative concentration distribution. The adhesion properties between polyurethane-SiO 2 aggregate have temperature sensitivity, while temperature hardly affects the adhesion between polyurethane-CaCO 3 aggregate. Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding are the dominant factors affecting the adhesion properties of polyurethane-SiO 2 aggregates, while electrostatic energy is the main contributor to the adhesion properties of polyurethane-CaCO 3 aggregates. The temperature increased reduced the molecular gap between the polyurethane and SiO 2 and increased the interaction force between the polyurethane molecules and SiO 2 .

Stabilization of converter steel slag through ferronickel-slag-Induced f-CaO mineralization: calcination temperature and added dosage optimization

Rhynocoris fuscipes (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)is an important predatory insect that targets Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in tobacco fields. Here, laboratory tests were conducted to identify the optimal temperature, duration, and developmental stage for the low-temperature storage of R. fuscipes. This study examined the effects of storage temperatures (7°C°C, 9°C, 11°C, 13°C, 15°C) and durations (5d, 10d, 15d, 20d, 25d, 30d) on the hatching rate, lifespansr and survival rates of fifth-instar nymphs and adult females, egg production, adult female median lethal time, and the predation capacity of adult female R. fuscipes on S. litura. The results showed that under various low-temperature conditions, storing adult R. fuscipes was more effective than storing nymphs or eggs, and the optimal storage temperature ranged from 13 to 15°C. At 15°C, the average lifespan of adult female R. fuscipes was 25.47days, with a median lethal time of 36.53days. The eclosion rate for R. fuscipes eggs stored at 15°C for 12days exceeded 78%. Storage temperature and duration significantly influenced the predation capacity of adult female R. fuscipes on S. litura. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale storage and transportation of R. fuscipes.

The assessment of climate variability impacts on crop production and price varies by what factors studies consider, including annuals and perennials. Unlike annual crops, climate impacts on perennial crops like coconuts require a multiple-year assessment. Although previous studies have examined climate effects on coconut production, there is a critical gap in understanding multiple-year impacts of climate variability on coconut production and price. Therefore, this paper aims to fill this gap by assessing the extent to which climate variability affects coconut production and prices in Sri Lanka, the fourth largest coconut producer in the world. For this purpose, we analyzed rainfall, temperature, average drought months, coconut production, coconut cultivation area, and coconut retail price from 2010 to 2022. We then created and administered five regression models to illustrate the impact of climate variables for a single year and multiple years on coconut production, yield, and price. The results indicate that rainfall in the previous year is the most critical determinant for production (p = 0.014) and yield (p = 0.032), while drought intensity and temperature shocks show delayed negative effects on production. Lagged temperature shocks and supply shortages significantly increased nominal coconut retail prices. A temperature increase by 1 °C in the previous year raised prices by approximately LKR 36 per nut. After adjusting for inflation, only temperature (p = 0.002) effects was found significant, indicating that climate-induced supply constraints dominate real price changes. Our three-year analysis showed that drought conditions, together with rainfall and temperature variability, reduced production with a delayed effect (p = 0.026). These findings highlight the importance of incorporating multiple-year climate impacts into adaptation and price stabilization policies for coconut and other perennial crops.

Climate change is a major challenge for agriculture, affecting the production and quality of fruit crops, including dates from the date palm. This study aims to evaluate the effects of temperature and exposure to solar radiation on the quality of ‘Ghars’ dates in the Hassi El Garra region of Southern Algeria. The methodology adopted includes a morphological, physicochemical, and phytochemical characterization of dates from branchs oriented towards the East and the West. The morphological parameters studied include fruit and pit length and width, total mass, and pulp proportion. Physicochemical analyses focus on pH, water content, ash content, and total and reducing sugar levels. Phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. The results show that morphological parameters do not differ significantly between the East and West-facing bunches. However, dates exposed to the West, having undergone more intense heat, exhibit lower moisture content, higher ash and total sugar content, and a greater concentration of polyphenols and superior antioxidant activity. These observations suggest that solar exposure influences fruit dehydration and concentrating of bioactive compounds. This preliminary study highlights the significant impact of climatic conditions on date quality.

Polymer powder bed fusion (PBF) is strongly influenced by powder chemistry and powder state, yet many studies discuss the materials and processing conditions in isolation. This review synthesises the literature using a powder-centred framework that connects polymer chemistry and powder production history to measurable powder descriptors, and then links these descriptors to processing windows, defect mechanisms, and application outcomes. Key descriptors include crystallinity and thermal transitions, additive packages, particle size distribution, morphology, and surface texture. Environmental sensitivities are also considered, including moisture uptake, temperature effects, and optical response. These factors are related to powder spreading, energy absorption, and melt solidification or sintering to explain how flowability, packing density, and melt dynamics govern porosity, lack of fusion, distortion, and degradation. Powder qualification is discussed together with lot-to-lot variability and lifecycle effects, including ageing, reuse, and refresh, using the indicators commonly reported in laboratory and production settings and supported by emerging in situ monitoring. Application case studies are consolidated to illustrate how powder state and process control translate into repeatable qualification targets as polymer PBF moves toward a predictable and transferable manufacturing practice.

Responses of a harmful algal bloom-causing dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi to elevated temperature and high N:P ratio.

Effect of temperature on CO2 corrosion inhibition by black tea extract: A combined experimental and molecular modelling study

Effects of temperature and NaBH4 concentration on synthesis of Cu2O nanoparticles by polyol method

Effect of temperature on CO2-modified slag and regulation of setting and hardening of slag modified by alkali activation

Mitochondrial responses to thermal stress: ROS dynamics and metabolic shifts in Drosophila.