Effect Of Sand Addition Research Articles

Thermal Enhancement for Paraffinic Thermal Energy Storage by Adding Volcanic Ash

Thermal energy storage has a good opportunity to be applied in engineering field, especially for low temperature application like automotive thermal management system. Paraffinic is a better option and considered as a good phase change material with main advantages like economically feasible, non-corrosive and safe. The main drawbacks of paraffinic system are low thermal conductivity and supercooling effect. The effort to improve the performance for paraffinic system is by g sensible material. Considering the spread of volcano in Indonesia, it can be used as sensible material for paraffinic system. The aim of the research is to examine the volcanic ash characteristic and the effect of sand addition on the paraffinic system. a standardized approach for sand examination is done and the effect of the hybrid PCM (90% paraffin and 10% volcanic ash mass ratio) are studied. The overall performance of hybrid PCM is better than pure paraffin where the vapor point of hybrid PCM is increased and there is no supercooling phenomenon observed.

Effects of sand addition on turbulent flow over an immobile gravel bed

[1] The factors controlling the complex interaction of a coarse streambed with flow and sediment are difficult to measure. However, planning for reservoir flushing or dam removal requires knowledge of these interactions. In both cases, impounded sediments are introduced to channel beds that have had fine sediment particles removed without replacement. The channel bed pore space interacts with the flow and provides storage for particles. In order to address the need for information on such systems, an adjustable-slope, recirculating laboratory flume was used to study the changes in flow and turbulence caused by sand added to an immobile gravel bed. Detailed measurements were made using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter that collected three velocity components at a rate of 200 Hz. Because of the rough nature of the bed, individual velocity profiles varied significantly; therefore, in order to determine general trends, the data were spatially averaged over six 10 × 20 cm planes parallel to the bed with the lowest plane about 2 cm below the maximum gravel elevation. The increasing elevation of sand relative to the gravel layer resulted in decreased bed shear stress, decreased Reynolds stress, increased relative turbulence intensity, and a near-bed shift toward sweep-dominated turbulence.

Effects of sand addition on production of lightweight aggregates from Tunisian smectite-rich clayey rocks

Smectite-rich claystone–marlstone samples from 12 outcrops located in the Southern Atlas domain of Tunisia were investigated with regard to manufacture of lightweight aggregates (LWAs). The clayey materials mainly consist of smectite, kaolinite and illite, together with quartz, calcite, dolomite and feldspars as accessory components. 10–12 mm pellets were prepared from wet paste and initially heated to 600 °C, 700 °C or 800 °C (depending on the raw material) for at least 2 h in order to avoid any explosion of the aggregate. The pellets were then subjected to a quick firing process at 1180 °C. The addition of 15% of quartz sand (< 250 μm grain size) to the raw materials was found to improve some required pre-treatments and give better expansion properties to some of the aggregates. The addition of 1% used automobile oil to the clay and quartz sand mixtures caused the formation of more gas and a drop in bloating temperature. The obtained LWAs were characterized by physical properties such as apparent density, mechanical resistance, water absorption and expansion. The laboratory results were comparable to those of two commercial LWAs from France (Argidécor®) and Portugal (LECA®) and provide new openings for the utilization of Tunisian claystone in civil engineering work or in agricultural applications.

Effect of sand addition on the specific heat and thermal conductivity of cement

Sand addition was found to decrease the specific heat and increase the thermal conductivity of cement, in contrast to the opposite effects of silica fume addition. The thermal conductivity increase due to sand addition was much greater when silica fume was present. The thermal conductivity decrease due to silica fume addition was much smaller when sand was present.

Effect of Sand Addition on Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composites

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Effect of sand addition on the tensile properties of compression moulded sand/polyethylene composite system

Abstract The effect of sand particle size, shape and content on the solid-state deformation, flow and fracture behavior of sand-reinforced polyethylene (SRPE) composite samples was investigated. The overall response of the composite system is highlighted and analyzed in terms of the phenomena resulting from the mutual interaction between the constituent, sand filler and polymer matrix, phases. Sand of smaller particle size resulted in higher reinforcing ability. Below a sand particle size of 350 μm, a stiffening effect was observed as the sand content increased from 5 to 25 wt%. Larger particle size reduced the tensile modulus of the composite samples. The tensile strength was observed to be a decreasing linear function of the sand content, with a negative slope and depends on the sand particle size. The yield stress, ductility and energy absorbed to fracture were reduced with the sand addition.

The effect of sand addition on the properties of grc

The properties of spray-dewatered grc composites in which upto 50% by weight of the cement has been replaced by sand are described in terms of three storage conditions and age. The initial strength values of grc show a slight decrease with increasing proportions of sand due to the dilution of the cement matrix. Conversely, the Young's modulus and density show an increase. The addition of sand reduces the drying shrinkage of the composites and allows the LOP (in bending) values to be stable in a relatively dry environment. In wet environments LOP values increase with age. The weatherability of grc composites containing sand is significantly improved when the matrix is modified by a suitable polymer. The 10 year strength properties of grc containing varying amounts of sand are very similar to those of ordinary grc made from neat cement paste.