Effects Of Resistance Exercise Research Articles

Training the Vessels: Molecular and Clinical Effects of Exercise on Vascular Health-A Narrative Review.

Accelerated biological vascular ageing is still a major driver of the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Exercise training delays this process, known as early vascular ageing, but often lacks effectiveness due to a lack of understanding of molecular and clinical adaptations to specific stimuli. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular and clinical vascular adaptations to acute and chronic exercise. It further addresses how training characteristics (frequency, intensity, volume, and type) may influence these processes. Finally, practical recommendations are given for exercise training to maintain and improve vascular health. Exercise increases shear stress on the vascular wall and stimulates the endothelial release of circulating growth factors and of exerkines from the skeletal muscle and other organs. As a result, remodeling within the vascular walls leads to a better vasodilator and -constrictor responsiveness, reduced arterial stiffness, arterio- and angiogenesis, higher antioxidative capacities, and reduced oxidative stress. Although current evidence about specific aspects of exercise training, such as F-I-T-T, is limited, and exact training recommendations cannot be given, some practical implications can be extracted. As such, repeated stimuli 5-7 days per week might be necessary to use the full potential of these favorable physiological alterations, and the cumulative volume of mechanical shear stress seems more important than peak shear stress. Because of distinct short- and long-term effects of resistance and aerobic exercise, including higher and moderate intensities, both types of exercise should be implemented in a comprehensive training regimen. As vascular adaptability towards exercise remains high at any age in both healthy individuals and patients with cardiovascular diseases, individualized exercise-based vascular health prevention should be implemented in any age group from children to centenarians.

A single bout of prior resistance exercise attenuates muscle atrophy and declines in myofibrillar protein synthesis during bed-rest in older men.

Impairments in myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) during bed rest accelerate skeletal muscle loss in older adults, increasing the risk of adverse secondary health outcomes. We investigated the effect of prior resistance exercise (RE) on MyoPS and muscle morphology during a disuse event in 10 healthy older men (65-80years). Participants completed a single bout of unilateral leg RE the evening prior to 5days of in-patient bed-rest. Quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) was determined prior to and following bed-rest. Serial muscle biopsies and dual stable isotope tracers were used to determine rates of integrated MyoPS (iMyoPS) over a 7day habitual 'free-living' phase and the bed-rest phase, and rates of acute postabsorptive and postprandial MyoPS (aMyoPS) at the end of bed rest. Quadriceps CSA at 40%, 60% and 80% of muscle length significantly decreased in exercised (EX) and non-exercised control (CTL) legs with bed-rest. The decline in quadriceps CSA at 40% and 60% of muscle length was attenuated in EX compared with CTL. During bed-rest, iMyoPS rates decreased from habitual values in CTL, but not EX, and were significantly different between legs. Postprandial aMyoPS rates increased above postabsorptive values in EX only. The change in iMyoPS over bed-rest correlated with the change in quadriceps CSA in CTL, but not EX. A single bout of RE attenuated the decline in iMyoPS rates and quadriceps atrophy with 5days of bed-rest in older men. Further work is required to understand the functional and clinical implications of prior RE in older patient populations. KEY POINTS: Age-related skeletal muscle deterioration, linked to numerous adverse health outcomes, is driven by impairments in muscle protein synthesis that are accelerated during periods of disuse. Resistance exercise can stimulate muscle protein synthesis over several days of recovery and therefore could counteract impairments in this process that occur in the early phase of disuse. In the present study, we demonstrate that the decline in myofibrillar protein synthesis and muscle atrophy over 5days of bed-rest in older men was attenuated by a single bout of unilateral resistance exercise performed the evening prior to bed-rest. These findings suggest that concise resistance exercise intervention holds the potential to support muscle mass retention in older individuals during short-term disuse, with implications for delaying sarcopenia progression in ageing populations.

Comparable effects of interval and traditional resistance exercise on lipolysis and insulin concentration in healthy young men

Comparable effects of interval and traditional resistance exercise on lipolysis and insulin concentration in healthy young men

Comparison of the effects of resistance, aerobic and mixed exercise on athlete's heart.

There are various changes in cardiac physiology in athletes compared to the normal population. These physiological changes may differ according to the exercise content. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different exercise methods on the heart. A total of 122 male athletes from various sports were evaluated. Depending on the sorts of sports, these participants were split into aerobic, mixed, and resistance groups. Each athlete had to meet the inclusion criteria of having participated in the present sport for at least a year and having trained for at least 600 minutes per week over the previous three months. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to investigate the effects of different exercise types. The aerobic group's heart rate and ejection fraction were found to be lower than those of the resistance and mixed groups (F<inf>(2.105)</inf>=23.487, P=0.001). The end-diastolic thicknesses of the interventricular septum (8.7 SD 0.8 vs. 10.0 SD 0.7), interventricular septum (11.3 SD 0.9 vs. 13.0 SD 0.9), left ventricular posterior wall (8.6 SD 0.7 vs. 9.9 SD 0.8), and interventricular septum (11.1 SD 0.9 vs. 13.3 SD 0.9) were all found to be lower in the aerobic group than in the resistance group (P=0.0001). The effect of resistance exercise on heart rate was not observed as clearly as other groups. Resistance exercise has a more dominant effect on ventricular thickness than aerobic exercise. In mixed exercise groups, this increase in thickness is similar to resistance exercise. The content of the training should be considered in the evaluation of the athlete's heart. Identifying the subgroups of the athlete's heart will be useful in the differentiation of pathologies and also in the follow-up of the athletes.

The Impact of Resistance and Aerobic Training on the Insulin Synthesis Genes Expression in Diabetic Rats

Objective: In the last two decades, genetic studies have strongly supported the effective role of genetic factors on the synthesis of insulin from the pancreas. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of aerobic and resistance exercises on the expression of NeruoD1 and PDX1 in pancreatic tissue, as well as serum insulin and glucose levels in type 2 diabetic rats.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: 21 male wistar rats (220±10 g) were included. Then diabetic rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups: 1) control (no-training), 2) resistance training and 3) aerobic training. Exercise training lasted 10 weeks and 5 times weekly for training groups. After intervention, NeruoD1 and PDX1 expression in pancreas, insulin and glucose were compared between groups. Data compared by one way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test between groups (P &lt; 0.05).&#x0D; Results: Compared to control rats, resistance and aerobic training led to significant increase in serum insulin (P: 0.001, P: 0.013 respectively), PDX1 expression (P: 0.001, P: 0.001 respectively) and decrease glucose (P: 0.001, P: 0.001 respectively). Significant difference was not observed between control and aerobic groups with regard to NeruoD1 expression (P: 0.077). In addition, NeruoD1 expression in resistance group was significantly higher than aerobic and control groups (P: 0.018, P: 0.001, respectively).&#x0D; Conclusion: Despite the improvement of insulin and glucose in response to both aerobic and resistance training, it seems that resistance training affects genes affecting insulin synthesis and transcription more than aerobic training

Resistance exercise alleviates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy via Sestrin2/MSTN pathway in C57BL/6J mice

AimIt has long been recognized that resistance exercise can substantially increase skeletal muscle mass and strength, but whether it can protect against glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy and its potential mechanism is yet to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of resistance exercise in dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and elucidate the possible function of exercise-induced protein Sestrin2 in this process. MethodsEight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice carried out the incremental mouse ladder exercise for 11 weeks. Two weeks before the end of the intervention, mice were daily intraperitoneally injected with dexamethasone. Body composition, muscle mass, and exercise performance were examined to evaluate muscle atrophy. In vitro, C2C12 cells were used for RT-qPCR, Western Blot, and immunofluorescence experiments to elucidate the potential mechanism. ResultsOur results showed that long-term resistance exercise is an effective intervention for dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. We also found that Sestrin2 plays a vital role in dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. In both animal (P = .0006) and cell models (P = .0266), dexamethasone intervention significantly reduced the protein expression of Sestrin2, which was increased (P = .0112) by resistance exercise. Inversely, overexpression of Sestrin2 improved (P < .0001) dexamethasone-induced myotube cell atrophy by reducing the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway via inhibiting Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a) and myostatin (MSTN)/small mother against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling pathways. ConclusionTaken together, our results indicated that Sestrin2 may serve as an effective molecule that mimics the protective effect of resistance exercise on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy.

Effects of Aerobic vs. Resistance Exercise on Vascular Function and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Older Women.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different types of exercise (aerobic vs. resistance) on vascular function and vascular endothelial growth factor in older women. Forty-three older women, aged 65-75 years old, voluntarily participated in this study. All participants were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: aerobic exercise (AE; n = 14), resistance exercise (RE; n = 15), and control (CG; n = 14) groups. All participants in the exercise groups performed their respective exercises for 60 min/day, three days/week, for 16 weeks. The intensity of aerobic and resistance exercises was determined using the individual heart rate reserve (40-60%) and RPE (12-13), respectively. The vascular function test included the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), carotid artery blood flow volume, and velocity. Participants' blood samples were collected to analyze the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). A significance level of 0.05 was set. Our results showed that ba-PWV improved following both AE (14.5%) and RE groups (11.1%) (all p < 0.05). Increases in carotid blood flow volume (AE: 15.4%, RE: 18.6%) and total artery peak velocity (AE: 20.4%, RE: 17%) were observed in AE and RE groups (p < 0.05), while flow total artery mean velocity (36.2%) and peak velocities (20.5%) were only increased in the aerobic exercise group (p < 0.05). VEGF was increased after resistance exercise (p < 0.05). Overall, aerobic exercise provides greater benefits on vascular function than resistance exercise but further research is needed on VEGF regarding whether this change is associated with vascular function improvement in older women.

The Effect Of Resistance Exercise And A Dual-stressor Task On Autonomic Modulation: A Preliminary Investigation

The Effect Of Resistance Exercise And A Dual-stressor Task On Autonomic Modulation: A Preliminary Investigation

The Effects Of Resistance Exercise On Functional Outcomes Among People Living With Multiple Sclerosis

The Effects Of Resistance Exercise On Functional Outcomes Among People Living With Multiple Sclerosis

Effects of Resistance Exercise and Fermented Soybean Intake on Protein Expression Markers Related to Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Diet-induced Obese Rats

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the combined treatment effect of fermented soybean intake (for additional protein intake) and resistance exercise (for muscle metabolism activation) on the molecular biological response index of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning.METHODS: The study included twenty 50-week-old male Wistar rats, who were made obese by being fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks and then were randomly divided into four groups, control (Con), fermented soybean intake (Soy), resistance exercise (RT), and fermented soybean intake and resistance exercise combination (Soy+RT). After 12 weeks of Soy and RT treatment, body composition, and protein expression patterns such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) were compared in extensor digitorum longus and retroperitoneal fat.RESULTS: The obese rats demonstrated a reduction in body weight and body fat mass, as well as maintenance of lean mass. Interestingly, the groups treated with Soy, RT, and Soy+RT displayed enhanced protein expression of PGC-1α, FNDC5, UCP1, and IL-6 in the extensor digitorum longus and retroperitoneal fat tissue than Con. In particular, the Soy+RT group displayed the most remarkable activation of the aforementioned protein levels in the muscle and adipose tissues.CONCLUSION: This study concluded that resistance exercise and fermented soybean intake can partly contribute to the browning of WAT.

Effects of Resistance Exercise on Older Individuals with Sarcopenia: Sex Differences in Humans

Sarcopenia affects tens of millions of adults worldwide, with a reported prevalence of 10-50% among older adults. A decrease in muscle strength and function due to aging reduces physical performance, causing pain and disease. Accordingly, interest in the treatment or prevention of sarcopenia through resistance exercises, which have been found to be effective in improving muscle strength and hypertrophy, is increasing. However, given the individual differences, it is difficult to determine the optimal RE method. Currently, the importance of personalized resistance exercise (RE) prescriptions is emphasized, and research on sex/gender differences needs to be conducted. Our review focused on the effects of resistance exercise on muscle strength, muscle hypertrophy, and muscle function in older adults in relation to sex differences. In this review, we aimed to analyze sex differences in the effect of RE on older adults with sarcopenia and provide meaningful information for future research on exercise programs for individuals with sarcopenia.

Effects of Resistance Training Intensity on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Adults

PURPOSE: Resistance exercise is an effective behavioral intervention for improving skeletal muscle mass and strength, and preventing sarcopenia. However, the effects of resistance exercise on arterial stiffness remain controversial. This study aimed to organize and analyze the effects of resistance training intensity on arterial stiffness in healthy adults without overt clinical disease.METHODS: A thorough literature search was conducted to retrieve original research articles between 2000 and 2023 using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases.RESULTS: Long-term low-intensity resistance training (RT) was deemed a safe exercise intervention that can maintain or decrease arterial stiffness and increase muscle strength. Moreover, moderate-intensity RT was effective in improving muscle strength and hypertrophy but did not reduce arterial stiffness. High-intensity RT was an excellent intervention for enhancing muscle strength. However, a potential risk of increasing both central and peripheral artery stiffness in young adults was present.CONCLUSIONS: Compared to low-intensity RT, moderate-to-high-intensity RT was more effective in improving muscle strength and hypertrophy, but may increase arterial stiffness.

Effect of blood flow restriction low resistance exercise on hemodynamic for coronary artery disease patients: Randomized Control Trial

Abstract:&#x0D; Back ground: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality. Although fewer individuals are dying from CHD, more people are living with the condition and may require assistance to manage their symptoms and prognosis. Objective: to determining the effectiveness of blood flow restriction low resistance exercise on the patients with coronary artery disease. Methodology: A randomized control trial that was performed on 100 patients referred for (cardiac rehabilitation unite, consultation) to the AL-Najaf Center for Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac Catheterization. Patients were selected through non probability (purposively) and were randomly assigned into two groups of (50) patients in each one. The study group have been exposed to blood flow low resistance restriction exercises by the researcher. The group that has not been exposed to blood flow low resistance restriction exercises by the researcher are considered the control group. the study started from period 9 th February 2023 to 6th July 2023.Results: The results of the study showed that there is a significant difference between the study group and the control group pre use the blood flow restriction low resistance exercise and post use the exercise. conclusion: The study stated that the patients in study group who received the blood flow restriction low resistance exercise had decrease in the (heart rate, and blood pressure and Spo2) compared to the control group. recommendation: recommend the use of blood flow restriction low resistance exercises on patients with coronary arteries disease, because the study has proven that the exercise is effective and responds to hemodynamic.&#x0D;

Effects of acute resistance exercise on exhaled nitric oxide levels in non-asthmatic male

Fractional nitric oxide (FeNO) is an index of eosinophilic airway inflammation. However, the effect of acute resistance exercise on FeNO is not completely known, in non-asthmatics. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of acute resistance exercise on FeNO levels in non-asthmatics. Ten participants completed both exercise and control sessions. The resistance exercise routine consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions, each at 75 % of the one-repetition maximum, including vertical chest press, lateral pull-down, leg press, leg extension, and abdominal exercises. Additionally, FeNO levels and respiratory impedance were measured, and blood samples were collected from each participant at baseline, immediately after exercise (post), and 30 min after exercise (post 30). At baseline, post, and post 30, the FeNO levels did not significantly differ between the exercise and control sessions (17.1 ± 4.7 vs. 18.5 ± 3.8 vs. 16.9 ± 3.8 ppb, respectively) and exercise sessions (16.6 ± 3.4 vs. 19.3 ± 7.6 vs. 18.3 ± 5.6 ppb, respectively). Therefore, acute resistance exercise lasting approximately 30 min did not exert an impact on FeNO levels.

Effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined training on thyroid function and quality of life in hypothyroidism. A randomized controlled trial

PurposeThis study aimed to compare the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises on thyroid function, lipid profile, exercise capacity, and quality of life (QoL) in hypothyroid women. MethodsSixty women aged 35 to 45 with clinical hypothyroidism were randomized to four equal groups: aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), combined AT/RT, and control groups. All exercises were performed at low to moderate intensity, three days per week, and for 12 weeks. Patients in all groups were on levothyroxine therapy. Outcome measures were free thyroxin (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), lipid profile, estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and QoL assessed by the 12-item Short Form (SF-12) Health Survey. ResultsAll exercise groups showed significant improvements in all outcome measures compared to the baseline and the controls (p < 0.05). The combined AT/RT group showed more significant improvements in TSH and the mental component summary score of the SF-12 compared to the AT and RT groups (p < 0.05). The AT group showed the most significant improvement in estimated VO2 max, followed by the combined AT/RT and then the RT group. Non-significant differences were found between exercise groups in T4, blood lipids, and the physical component summary score of the SF-12 (p > 0.05). ConclusionIn women with hypothyroidism on levothyroxine treatment, all AT, RT, and combined AT/RT could equally improve T4 levels, lipid profile, and physical health-related QoL. However, the combined AT/RT could induce the greatest improvements in TSH and mental health-related QoL, while the AT could have the greatest impact on exercise capacity in these patients. Trial registrationPan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR), retrospective, PACTR202305810673587.

Acute Effects of Supra- and High-Loaded Front Squats on Mechanical Properties of Lower-Limb Muscles.

Knowledge about the acute effects of supramaximal-loaded resistance exercises on muscle mechanical properties is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to examine changes in dominant limb biceps femoris and vastus lateralis oscillation frequency and stiffness before and after high- and supramaximal-loaded front squats. Nineteen male handball players participated in the experimental session with a barbell front squat 1RM. The first set was performed at 70% of the 1RM for four repetitions, and the second and third sets were performed at 90%1RM in an eccentric-concentric or an eccentric-only manner at 120% of the 1RM for three repetitions. The handheld myometer was used for the measurement of the biceps femoris and vastus lateralis stiffness and the oscillation frequency of the dominant limb 5 min before and at the 5th and 10th min after front squats. A two-way ANOVA neither indicated a statistically significant interaction (p = 0.335; η2 = 0.059 and p = 0.103; η2 = 0.118), the main effect of a condition (p = 0.124; η2 = 0.126 and p = 0.197; η2 = 0.091), nor the main effect of the time point (p = 0.314; η2 = 0.06 and p = 0.196; η2 = 0.089) for vastus lateralis and biceps femoris stiffness. However, there was a statistically significant interaction (F = 3.516; p = 0.04; η2 = 0.163) for vastus lateralis oscillation frequency. The post hoc analysis showed a significantly higher vastus lateralis oscillation frequency at POST (p = 0.037; d = 0.29) and POST_10 (p = 0.02; d = 0.29) compared to PRE during the SUPRA condition. Moreover, Friedman's test indicated statistically significant differences in biceps femoris oscillation frequency (test = 15.482; p = 0.008; Kendall's W = 0.163). Pairwise comparison showed a significantly lower biceps femoris oscillation frequency in POST (p = 0.042; d = 0.31) and POST_10 (p = 0.015; d = 0.2) during the HIGH condition compared to that in the corresponding time points during the SUPRA condition. The results of this study indicate that the SUPRA front squats, compared to the high-loaded ones, cause a significant increase in biceps femoris and vastus lateralis oscillation frequency.

Comparison of the effect of resistance versus aerobic exercise on the serum levels of salusin-α and salusin-β, lipid profile and insulin resistance in overweight/obese women

Comparison of the effect of resistance versus aerobic exercise on the serum levels of salusin-α and salusin-β, lipid profile and insulin resistance in overweight/obese women

The Effects of High-Load Slow-Velocity Resistance Exercise Training in Athletes With Tendinopathy: A Critically Appraised Topic.

Tendinopathy is a musculoskeletal pathological condition experienced by athletes that can result in pain, impaired muscle performance, and loss of physical function and can hinder return to sports. Various types of resistance exercise training are effective for treating tendinopathy, including isometric, concentric, eccentric, and high-load slow-velocity resistance exercise. What are the effects of high-load slow-velocity resistance exercise training, compared with other forms of resistance exercise, on tendon morphology and patient-reported outcomes in athletes with tendinopathy? The findings of 4 randomized clinical trials were included. One study compared high-load slow-velocity resistance exercise with moderate-load slow-velocity resistance exercise. Two studies investigated the effects of high-load slow-velocity resistance exercise versus eccentric resistance exercise. The fourth study compared high-load slow-velocity resistance exercise with inertia-based resistance exercise. In all of the studies, high-load slow-velocity resistance exercise was as effective as the other forms of resistance exercise for improving patient-reported outcomes and pain. Three studies found no significant differences in changes in tendon morphology between patients who received high-load slow-velocity resistance exercise versus those who received the other forms of resistance exercise. One study showed that high-load slow-velocity resistance exercise was more effective than eccentric exercise for improving tendon morphology outcomes. Current evidence supports the use of high-load slow-velocity resistance exercise as a treatment option for patellar and Achilles tendinopathy in athletes. Results from level 2 studies suggest grade B evidence in support of high-load slow-velocity resistance exercise for treating athletes with tendinopathy.

Effect of Resistance Exercises on Function and Pain in Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This review aimed to compare the effectiveness of resistance exercise with that of other exercises in functional improvement and pain control in patients with fibromyalgia. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies published from their inception until March 2023. The following medical search heading terms were used: "resistance OR strength OR strengthening" AND "fibromyalgia." The analysis was performed using the statistical package Review Manager, version 5.4.1. This study reviewed 11 randomized controlled trials involving 530 patients. In comparison with no intervention, resistance exercise reduced the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire total score, pain score, tender points, and depression and improved physical function. Compared with flexibility exercise, resistance exercise reduced the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire total score. Compared with aerobic exercise, resistance exercise shows similar effects on pain control, reduction of tender points, and improvement of physical function. Compared with other exercises, resistance exercise demonstrated a more favorable effect on the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire total score, and the effects on pain control, tender points, physical function, and depression were comparable. Thus, resistance exercise exhibits comparable or superior effects when compared with other interventions and more precise research is needed to confirm this conclusion. Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME. Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Appraise the effectiveness and role of resistance exercise as a treatment option for patients with fibromyalgia; (2) Differentiate the comparative effectiveness of resistance exercise in relation to other forms of exercise for patients with fibromyalgia; and (3) Identify demographic factors commonly associated with fibromyalgia. Advanced. The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s) ™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Long-term effects of resistance exercise with and without vascular occlusion on TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-15 secretion in non-athletic women

Abstract Resistance training is associated with reduced risk of low-grade inflammation related diseases. This study aimed to consider the effect of two methods of resistance training with and without vascular occlusion on changes in some serum cytokines in young non-athlete women. Thirty non-athlete women (20 to 30 years of age) were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 in each): resistance training without vascular occlusion (traditional), resistance training with vascular occlusion, and a control group. Resistance training was conducted three sessions for 8 weeks. In the vascular occlusion group, prior to the main exercise, the proximal part of both thighs was closed with a rubber tourniquet and the resistance exercise was performed with an intensity of 20–30% 1-repetition maximum (1RM) until fatigue. In the group without vascular occlusion, the same exercise were performed with similar intensity (with 70–80% 1RM until fatigue). Serum interleukin (IL)-15, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA method. One-way ANOVA was employed to compare the changes in the studied variables. The results show that serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and IL-15 do not have a significant change in groups with and without obstruction (P&gt;0.05). Numerous studies have evaluated the positive effects of vascular occlusion on muscle hypertrophy and strength during rehabilitation. According to the results of the present study, it seems that the use of vascular occlusion exercise has less effect on inflammatory or IL-15.