Effects Of Recession Research Articles

Systematic profiling of dominant ubiquitin variants reveals key functional nodes contributing to evolutionary selection

Dominant-negative mutations can help to investigate the biological mechanisms and to understand the selective pressures for multifunctional proteins. However, most studies have focused on recessive mutant effects that occur in the absence of a second functional gene copy, which overlooks the fact that most eukaryotic genomes contain more than one copy of many genes. We have identified dominant effects on yeast growth rate among all possible point mutations in ubiquitin expressed alongside a wild-type allele. Our results reveal more than 400 dominant-negative mutations, indicating that dominant-negative effects make a sizable contribution to selection acting on ubiquitin. Cellular and biochemical analyses of individual ubiquitin variants show that dominant-negative effects are explained by varied accumulation of polyubiquitinated cellular proteins and/or defects in conjugation of ubiquitin variants to ubiquitin ligases. Our approach to identify dominant-negative mutations is general and can be applied to other proteins of interest.

Financial crises and inequality: New evidence from a panel of 17 advanced economies

What is the distributional consequence of a financial crisis? Does income inequality follow the boom-bust pattern that is typically associated with a financial crisis? Does the financial crisis primarily affect the wealthy and the recession mainly affect the rest of the population? Is the inequality impact of a financial crisis-induced recession different from that of a normal recession? They are important questions with policy implications which are little understood at present. Our paper fills this gap in the literature by carefully addressing these questions in a panel of 17 advanced economies for 1955–2016. Our results suggest that financial crises have statistically significant and long-lasting adverse effects on income distribution. So are the inequality effects of financial crisis-induced recessions in sharp contrast to those of normal recessions. The results are not driven by the 2008–2009 global financial crisis episode. Interestingly, the effects of financial crises (or financial recessions) systematically differ across the indicators of inequality and time horizons, shedding some light on channels linking financial crises and inequality. Careful robustness checks confirm our results.

Macroeconomic Effects of Fiscal Policy during the Covid-19 Crisis: Evidence from Bolivia at a Regional Level

This paper evaluates the impact of the fiscal policy applied in Bolivia during the Covid-19 crisis at a regional level. It includes two analyses: the economic slowdown at a regional level analyzed through a mixed frequency Bayesian var with a stochastic volatility model, and the impact and effectiveness of the fiscal policy using a time-varying parameter var model. The results indicate that the pandemic had a heterogeneous effect on the region’s economic activity and the capital expenditure from the national treasury was the most effective fiscal policy to reduce the recessive effects of the crisis. We also noted that some regions positively reacted to regional and local government capital expenditure.

Beyond Patient Characteristics: A Narrative Review of Contextual Factors Influencing Involuntary Admissions in Mental Health Care.

Variations in the rates of involuntary admission (IA) reflect the influence of unexplained contextual variables that are typically too heterogeneous to be included in systematic reviews. This paper attempts to gather and analyze factors unrelated to the patients that have been linked to IA. The articles included in this review were selected by iteratively searching four electronic databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and Web of Science). A total of 54 studies from 19 different countries and regions, including 14 European countries, the United States, Canada, China, Vietnam, and Taiwan, were selected. The factors were categorized as service-related factors, impactful events, seasonal and temporal factors, mental health legislation, staff factors, and public attitudes. The factors rarely act in isolation but rather interact and reinforce each other, causing a greater influence on IA. This paper explains how these factors present opportunities for robust and sustainable interventions to reduce IAs. The paper also identifies future directions for research, such as examining the effects of economic recessions. Enhancing global reporting standards is essential to validate future research and support further in-depth studies. The complexity of the factors influencing IA and the implicit role of society suggest that resolving it will require social change.

Mitigating the impact of global recession on construction projects: Exploring potential solutions

The effect of global recession has caused many havoc to construction project in Nigeria, if not prevented, it can cause high cost of building materials, abandon project and insolvency. Therefore, this study examined the possible solution to the effects global recession on construction projects in Ondo state, Nigeria. This was with a view to reduce the effects of global recession on construction projects in the study area. The study is important to the construction stakeholders, policy makers and future studies. Seventy-one (71) valid questionnaires were administered among the construction stakeholders working on a construction projects in the study area, these include the Quantity surveyor, Architect, Engineer and Builder with a retrieval of Sixty-two (62). Frequency and percentage were used to analyze the demographic information of the respondents while data on possible solution to the effect of global recession on construction project was analyzed using mean score and ranking. The study concluded that Government should invest in large scale public infrastructural projects, transparency and check unethical behavior among workers, well prepared and planned budget are major possible solution to the effects of global recession in construction projects. This study recommended that Government involvement in providing the social amenities for the smooth running of the project, transparency among the stakeholders should be adopted and the scope of the project should be well understood in order to prepare a well-planned budget to curb global recession in construction industry.

Effects of the Economic Recession on Swiss Tourism

The tourism industry is a very major contributor to Switzerland's economy. However, in recent years, global economic downturns have negatively impacted the tourism revenue. This research examines the effects of the economic recession over the past 5 years on Switzerland's lucrative tourism industry. Specifically, it investigates if the rising inflation and unemployment have reduced the local tourism and if income inequality has deterred international travelers. A qualitative electronic literature review was conducted analyzing the recent studies on Swiss tourism from 2020-2023. Articles were screened for relevance and 5 studies were selected for a final review based on inclusion criteria. The data shows international tourist visits to the United States declined by 62% during COVID-19. Additionally, overnight hotel stays fell 26% in the Zurich from pre-pandemic levels. However, domestic travel proved to be very resilient as Swiss nationals opted for staycations. Of the metrics examined, international tourists and total tourist arrivals had the strongest correlation with the economic decline, with over 80% of sources confirming this relationship. However, factors like resort bookings, culinary sales, and also popularity of mountain sports showed weaker connections. Ultimately, there is insufficient evidence to conclusively state the economic hardships have significantly dampened Switzerland's tourism industry. While global recessions may temporarily slow the visitor numbers, Switzerland's appeal remains largely impervious to the outside financial instabilities. Further quantitative research through tourist surveys could provide much more clarity.

Comment on “Sectoral shocks, reallocation, and labor market policies” by Joaquín García-Cabo, Anna Lipińska, and Gastón Navarro

This comment discusses the article “Sectoral Shocks, Reallocation, and Labor Market Policies” by Joaquin Garcia-Cabo, Anna Lipinska, and Gaston Navarro. The comment highlights issues that receive only little attention in the article or could be addressed in future research. It focuses on aspects that are relevant for policy makers in order to design effective policies which mitigate the effects of asymmetric recessions, but which also facilitate a smooth recovery.

Buccal plate preservation with immediate post-extraction implant placement and provisionalization in anterior maxillary tooth: Preliminary results of a new technique using Teruplug collagen

BackgroundBone resorption and remodelling are inevitable results of dental extraction and begin immediately after the extraction procedure. The buccal plate is especially predisposed to these phenomena, and if affected, may result in an increased risk of facial soft-tissue recession and other adverse clinical effects that may decrease the predictability of implant placement or impair the final aesthetic result. PerposeThe application of Teruplug collagen to prevent buccal plate resorption technique is a new technique aimed at maintaining or improving the appearance of the soft and hard tissues after dental extraction procedures. MethodsAll patients underwent teeth extraction and buccal plate preservation followed by immediate implant placement and provisionalisation using Teruplug collagen. The distance from the external surface of the labial bone to the buccal surface of the implant was measured immediately after placement 6 months and 12 months using computed tomography(CT) images. The aesthetic outcome of 35 implant supported dentures was evaluated by the pink aesthetic score (PAS). Patient aesthetic satisfaction was investigated by a visual analogue scale (VAS). ResultsIn a four-wall intact socket, this approach is aimed at optimising the ability of the Teruplug collagen to improve regeneration and maintain or improve labial/buccal contours without interfering with the natural healing capability of the alveolus after extraction and implant placement. During the different observation period, there were no major biologic or prosthodontic complications as determined by a clinical examination at each follow-up visit. ConclusionsBuccal plate preservation as described may help to maintain or improve the appearance and contours of the ridge after tooth extraction, laying the groundwork for optimal functional and aesthetic replacement of the missing tooth with an implant-supported prosthesis.

THE EFFECT OF RECESSİONS IN THE WORLD ECONOMY ON STOCK EXCHANGES

Recession is defined as recession in the literal sense. It represents a significant economy-wide decline that lasts more than a few months. In other words, because the growth rate in the countrys economy is lower than the population growth rate, it is the per capita income. All macroeconomic indicators; Industrial production, employment, real income, wholesale and retail trade data are also included in this measurement. Recession periods are the periods in which there are decreases in the stock market in general and there are recessions in share prices. But investors who know the history of the stock market know that this can often be an opportunity. Companies that make good use of these periods will also gain greater profits after the recession. Recession periods may end after two quarters or may last longer. An economys exit from recession at the end of two quarters is called a V-type exit, and a longer-term exit is called a U-type exit. If the economy has contracted again after exiting a recession, then it is called a W-type recession or a double-dip recession. While the US economy recovered after the 2020 Covid period recession, it entered the recession period in 2022, where the Russia-Ukraine war was effective. However, the important point here is that with the end of the W-type recessions, the growth path in the economy is long-term and continues for at least 4-5 years. In this study, the effect of recessions on stock markets will be investigated. KEYWORDS: Economıc Recession, Stock Exchange, Econom Ic System.

The influence of the political attitudes of workers and the effect of the Great Recession on the decision to join a trade union in Southern Europe

One of the distinctive characteristics of the trade union model in Southern Europe is the clear political persuasion of the dominant confederations (mainly left-wing) and, with the exception of Italy, their low membership density. The Great Recession ushered in a period of confrontation between unions and governments over the application of austerity policies and radical reforms deregulating the labour market, creating a hostile environment for unions, which responded by intensifying their discourse and socio-political action in order to call for the support of workers and alliances with other left-wing organisations. This article, based on data from the European Social Survey, analyses the importance of the political attitudes of workers as a determining factor of unionisation in Italy, Portugal and Spain over a significant period, from 2002 to 2018. The results obtained reveal an important influence of political attitudes on unionisation in Southern Europe, especially in Portugal. However, other variables also affected unionisation, notably the negative influence of precarious forms of employment and the conjunction of the recessionary economic cycle and neoliberal reforms that took place during the Great Recession.

Economic effects of the war in Ukraine and recession

Background: The economic effects of wars and recessions can have significant impacts on consumer attitudes and behaviors. Understanding how these attitudes and behaviors change impacts during challenging economic times is crucial for financial education and management. Methods: A survey was conducted to investigate the financial attitudes and behaviors of individuals during a recessionary period. The survey was distributed from January 15th to February 28th, 2023 and included questions about age, financial education level, savings behavior, attitudes towards debt, gender and financial management behavior, age and financial education, and income and savings behavior. Data were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA. Results: Participants with higher income levels had higher levels of savings and investing behaviors than those with lower income levels. Participants with a higher level of formal education in finance had higher levels of budgeting and investing behaviors than those with a lower level of formal education in finance. Additionally, participants who reported higher levels of self-rated financial knowledge had higher levels of all financial management behaviors (budgeting, saving, investing, and debt management) compared to those with lower self-rated financial knowledge. Conclusions: The findings suggest that financial education and management programs should target individuals with lower income levels and less formal education in finance. Additionally, promoting self-rated financial knowledge may be a useful strategy for improving financial management behaviors. Future research could explore the effectiveness of different financial education and management programs on improving financial attitudes and behaviors during recessionary periods.

Weak antagonistic fitness effects can maintain an inversion polymorphism.

The study of chromosomal inversion polymorphisms has received much recent attention, particularly in cases where inversions have drastic effects on phenotypes and fitness (e.g. lethality of homozygotes). Less attention has been paid to the question of the maintenance of inversion polymorphisms that show only weak effects. Here, we study the maintenance of such an inversion polymorphism that links 250 genes on chromosome Tgu11 in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Based on data from over 6000 captive birds, we estimated the effects of this inversion on a wide range of fitness-related traits. We found that, compared with the ancestral allele A, the inverted allele D had small additive beneficial effects on male siring success and on female fecundity. These fitness-enhancing effects may explain the initial spread of the derived D allele (allele frequency 53%). However, individuals that were homozygous for D had a slightly lower survival rate, which may explain why the D allele has not spread to fixation. We used individual-based simulations to examine how an inversion polymorphism with such antagonistic fitness effects behaves over time. Our results indicate that polymorphisms become stabilized at an intermediate allele frequency if the inversion links an additively beneficial allele of small effect size to a recessive weakly deleterious mutation, overall resulting in weak net heterosis. Importantly, this conclusion remains valid over a wide range of selection coefficients against the homozygous DD (up to lethality), suggesting that the conditions needed to maintain the polymorphism may frequently be met. However, the simulations also suggest that in our zebra finch populations, the estimated recessive deleterious effect of the D allele (on survival in captivity) is not quite large enough to prevent fixation of the D allele in the long run. Estimates of fitness effects from free-living populations are needed to validate these results.

Financial Analysis and Market Analysis of Coca-Cola

Coca-Cola company's main themes have been intertwined with social issues such as environmental protection and people's preference for low-sugar products. The company tends to analyze some social phenomena and reflect the research results in new products as much as possible. Because of this, consumers have become more trustful of the Coca-Cola brand. Coupled with Coca-Cola's advertising efforts, Coca-Cola has become a best-selling product in more than 200 countries worldwide. In order to analyze the prospect of Coca-Cola and the potential risks and problems of the company, the article analyzes Coca-Cola's strategy on funding and cash holding and accounting performance based on the company's financial statement. Also, the market valuation, net cash flow, profitability analysis, and SWOT analysis will be done. After a series of analyses, the article's authors found that although Coca-Cola's cash flow has received recessionary effects in recent years, the cash position is still positive from a macro perspective. Meanwhile, the investors need not worry about the company's financial health since the non-current ratio, liquidity, and such indicators point to the company's considerable capacity. Based on the SWOT analysis, the strong brand image helps the company consolidate customer loyalty and enhances market stability. In addition, the authors found that if the company could put more effort into increasing the diversity of its products, more research and innovation would help the appeal of the company's products.

Genome-wide association testing in malaria studies in the presence of overdominance

BackgroundIn human genetics, heterozygote advantage (heterosis) has been detected in studies that focused on specific genes but not in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). For example, heterosis is believed to confer resistance to certain strains of malaria in patients heterozygous for the sickle-cell gene, haemoglobin S (HbS). Yet the power of allelic tests can be substantially diminished by heterosis. Since GWAS (and haplotype-associations) also utilize allelic tests, it is unclear to what degree GWAS could underachieve because heterosis is ignored.MethodsIn this study, a two-step approach to genetic association testing in malaria studies in a GWAS setting that may enhance the power of the tests was proposed, by identifying the underlying genetic model first before applying the association tests. Generalized linear models for dominant, recessive, additive, and heterotic effects were fitted and model selection was performed. This was achieved via tests of significance using the MAX and allelic tests, noting the minimum p-values across all the models and the proportion of tests that a given genetic model was deemed the best. An example dataset, based on 17 SNPs, from a robust genetic association study and simulated genotype datasets, were used to illustrate the method. Case–control genotype data on malaria from Kenya and Gambia were used for validation.Results and conclusionResults showed that the allelic test returned some false negatives under the heterosis model, suggesting reduced power in testing genetic association. Disparities were observed for some chromosomes in the Kenyan and Gambian datasets, including the sex chromosomes. Thus, GWAS and haplotype associations should be treated with caution, unless the underlying genetic model had been determined.

Uncertainty shocks in emerging economies: A global to local approach for identification

The paper investigates the effects of uncertainty shocks in emerging economies (EMEs). I construct novel measures of uncertainty for fifteen small EMEs and to address endogeneity I instrument them with fluctuations in global uncertainty. My results show that uncertainty shocks have substantial contractionary effects on GDP, stock prices and local currencies and the recessionary effect is much stronger in EMEs compared to advanced economies (AEs). I also estimate a negative co-movement between prices and output which triggers a delayed monetary tightening in correspondence to the inflationary peak. Counterfactual scenarios reveal that in the absence of uncertainty shocks, the fall in GDP recorded in EMEs during the 2008–2009 crisis would have been attenuated by around 2%.

Short-term effects of horizontal muscle operations on anterior and posterior segment parameters in strabismus patients

Aim: To evaluate the short-term effects of horizontal muscle resection (Rt) or recession (Rs) surgeries on anterior and posterior segment parameters (ASPs and PSPs) in strabismus patients, using Pentacam HR and optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices.
 Material and Method: This prospective study included 21 female and 17 male patients who underwent horizontal muscle surgery (Rt or Rs). ASPs were evaluated with Pentacam HR and PSPs were evaluated with OCT, one day before and one month after surgery. 
 Results: The mean age of all the patients included in the study was 16.52±7.90 years. Rt surgery was performed on 18 patients and Rs surgery on 20 patients. When the pre- and postoperative measurement values of all patients were compared, statistically significant differences were found in respect of iridocorneal angle (ICA) 90° and anterior chamber depth (ACD) in both the Rt and Rs groups. A significant narrowing was detected in ICA 90° and ACD in Rt patients (p

A Retrospective Comparative Study of Endoscopic Treatment of Gastrocnemius Contracture using the Modified Soft Tissue Release Kit

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic gastrocnemius recession using the self-developed Modified Soft Tissue Release Kit. Materials and Methods: This retrospective review followed up 22 patients (34 feet) who underwent endoscopic surgery and 20 patients (30 feet) who received open surgery between January 2020 and January 2022. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and the maximum ankle dorsiflexion angle were evaluated preoperatively and at the last follow-up. Postoperative complications were recorded. Patient satisfaction was surveyed at the last follow-up. The comparison between quantitative data was analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The comparison between qualitative data was analyzed with the chi-square test. Results: There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the two groups. The AOFAS score in the endoscopic group increased from 50 (18) points preoperatively to 90 (13) points at the last follow-up; the maximum ankle dorsiflexion angle increased from -7.7 (2.8) degrees to 10.6 (3.6) degrees. The AOFAS score in the open group improved from 47 (15) points preoperatively to 90 (18) points at the last follow-up; the maximum ankle dorsiflexion angle increased from -7.6 (4.0) degrees to 10.7 (3.3) degrees. The change values of the AOFAS scores in the endoscopic and open groups were 39 (15) and 40.5 (11) points, respectively, and there was no significant difference between them. The change values of the maximum ankle dorsiflexion angles in the endoscopic and open groups were 19.5 (4.3) and 19.1 (4.9) degrees, respectively, and there was no significant difference between them. There were no complications, such as sural nerve injury, in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in satisfaction with the surgical outcome. Conclusions: Endoscopic gastrocnemius recession using the Modified Soft Tissue Release Kit can significantly improve the foot function with significant mid-term efficacy and high safety.

Changes in young people's discourses about leaving home in Spain after the economic crisis.

The increasing complexity of young adults' leaving-home trajectories, combined with the effects of the economic recession, has led to an upturn in academic interest in this question. Nevertheless, the impact of the economic recession on young adults' housing imaginary has yet to be extensively addressed. This article analyses the way social discourses on leaving home evolved before and after the economic downturn. Using a diachronic, qualitative design to compare discussion groups from 2007 and 2014 in Spain, a relevant change can be observed: flexible patterns of leaving home appear that were previously rejected or only mentioned by upper-middle class young. Our findings highlight the way that expectations, values and norms about leaving home have altered, opening the debate about how Spanish young people will approach this transition in the future, but also how they did in the past.

Effects of slanted bilateral lateral recession vs conventional bilateral lateral recession on convergence insufficiency intermittent exotropia: a prospective study.

To observe the surgical effects of slanted bilateral lateral recession (S-BLR) versus conventional bilateral lateral recession (C-BLR) in convergence insufficiency intermittent exotropia (CI-IXT). Using a randomized, double-blind, prospective design, 22 patients with CI-IXT who were admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from July 2019 to December 2020 were included. Patients were randomly divided into either S-BLR or C-BLR group for their subsequent strabismus surgery. All patients were followed up for 12mo. Near deviation, distant deviation, and near-distance difference (NDD) were measured in all patients. Twelve months after surgery, NDD improvement was 10 (8, 13) prismatic degrees (PD) in S-BLR group and 3 (1, 6) PD in C-BLR group (P=0.011). The near deviation of S-BLR group was 0 (-2, 2) PD, while that of C-BLR group was -4 (-6, -3) PD (P=0.005). Before and after surgery, the difference in the distant deviation between the two groups was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in near stereopsis between the two groups (P=0.380) at 12mo. The success rate at 12mo after operation was 90.91% and 72.73% in the two groups (P=0.280). CI-IXT patients treated with S-BLR have better surgical outcomes than those treated with C-BLR, which indicates S-BLR is a safe and effective operation pattern.

Detecting Episodes of Mildly Explosive Behavior in the Hurricane Resiliency Index to Examine Community Resilience to Hurricanes

Natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods cause massive damage and losses around the world. Investigating their impact on affected communities and delineating them from nondisaster forces have major scientific and policy implications. To that end, a series of econometric tests were applied to the Hurricane Resiliency Index (HRI) for six selected study areas to identify and date-stamp periods of mildly explosive behavior (MEB). Evidence of MEB signals a structural break or nonlinearity in an otherwise stationary time series. The starting and ending points of multiple MEB episodes indicate the extent to which a community recovers toward normalcy. It is found that the recovery time associated with hurricanes is much shorter than that with economic recessions. The overall severity of MBE, when considering both duration and amplitude, is most pronounced when a major hurricane strikes dense populations. The findings also highlight that the compounding effect of economic recession and hurricane poses the most serious threat to a local economy. Finally, the Hurricane Resiliency Index is shown to outperform the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas’s Metro Business-Cycle Index in capturing such behaviors.