Effects Of Prosocial Behavior Research Articles

Effects of Pro-social Behavior, Self-determination, and Grit on Life Satisfaction in Nursing Students

Effects of Pro-social Behavior, Self-determination, and Grit on Life Satisfaction in Nursing Students

Prosocial behavior, psychological well-being, positive and negative affect among young adults: A cross-sectional study

Background: Prosocial behaviors are considered important moral and social behavior. Various researchers have found that prosocial behavior increases well-being; research is scarce on the effects of prosocial behavior on psychological well-being, positive and negative affect among adults. Aim: The present study investigated the relationship between prosocial behavior, psychological well-being, and positive and negative affect on adults. Materials and Methods: The study included 80 adults (19–25 years) males and females. Snowball and incidental sampling method is used for data collection. The tools used for the study are the Prosocial Personality Battery, Ryff's psychological well-being scale, and the positive and negative affect scale. Results: A positive correlation was found between prosocial behavior and psychological well-being (0.396 which is significant at 0.01 level). A positive correlation was also observed between prosocial behavior and positive affect (0.274 which is significant at 0.01 level). A negative correlation was found between prosocial behavior and negative affect (−0.191 which is significant at 0.05 level). Conclusion: People involved in Prosocial behavior showed a positive correlation with Psychological well-being and positive affect and a negative correlation with negative affects.

Effect of prosocial behavior on school bullying victimization among children and adolescents: Peer and student-teacher relationships as mediators.

In this study, we examined the relationship between prosocial behavior and school bullying victimization in children and adolescents. We also tested the mediating effects of peer alienation and student-teacher closeness, as well as the moderating effect of the educational stage. In total, 538 children and adolescents were recruited from three suburban schools in Beijing, China (252 boys, 286 girls; mean age = 12.47; 237 elementary school students, 101 middle school students, and 200 high school students). The participants were asked to complete the measures of prosocial behavior, peer alienation, and student-teacher closeness at the initial time point and reported school bullying victimization 3 months later. We found that prosocial behavior was directly and negatively associated with traditional bullying victimization (i.e., physical, nonphysical, and relational); however, it had no direct association with cyberbullying victimization. Prosocial behavior was indirectly associated with school bullying victimization (except in the relational dimension) via peer alienation, but no indirect effect of student-teacher closeness was found. Besides, the associations between prosocial behavior, peer alienation, student-teacher closeness, and bullying victimization were found equally among elementary, middle, and high school students. The findings suggest that prosocial behavior is an important factor associated with decreased school bullying victimization, and peer relationships play a mediating role in this association. Our study extends the current understanding of prosocial behavior primarily as a consequence of child and adolescent development to an antecedent (of school bullying victimization), which contributes to a more comprehensive view of prosocial behavior.

The genomic impact of kindness to self vs. others: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveProsocial behavior has been linked to improved physical health, but the biological mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study tested whether a 4-week kindness intervention could reduce expression of a stress-related immune response gene signature known as the Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity (CTRA). MethodsIn a diverse sample of community adults (N = 182), study participants were randomly assigned to perform 3 kind acts for other people, to perform 3 kind acts for themselves, or to list daily activities (control), on one day per week over 4 weeks. CTRA gene expression was measured by RNA sequencing of dried blood spots (DBS) collected at baseline and 5 weeks later (1 week after completing study assignments). Participants’ descriptions of their kind acts were coded for protocol adherence and act content. ResultsParticipants who were randomized to perform kind acts for others showed significant reductions in CTRA gene expression relative to controls. Participants who were randomized to perform kind acts for themselves also showed significant reductions in CTRA gene expression relative to controls, but this pattern emerged only for those who failed to perform the requested self-kind acts (protocol non-adherent). Those who fully adhered to the self-kindness protocol showed no change in CTRA gene expression and did not differ from controls. Act content analyses implicated self-stress-reducing behavior in the paradoxical effects of self-kindness and the physical presence of others in the effects of prosocial behavior. ConclusionsProsocial engagement—doing something kind for others rather than oneself—reduces CTRA gene expression. The nature of kind acts and their intended recipient plays a key role in shaping the genomic impact of kindness

Multiple Levels of Factors Protecting Against Peer Rejection in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

This study investigated both the risk factors and the protective factors against peer rejection at multiple levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their typically developing peers. Using standard sociometric procedure, we studied the peer rejection of 108 children with ADHD (aged 7 to 12) and their classmates of the same sex and age ( n = 108). Risk factors (i.e., emotional/behavioral difficulties, academic performance, conflicts in the student-teacher relationship, parental rejection) predicted peer rejection in both groups, but the quality of relationships with teachers had a stronger predictive power in children with ADHD. Protective factors at multiple levels: individual ( extracurricular activity), family ( parental warmth and family social support), social ( school social support and friendship), compensated for all the risks of peer rejection in children with ADHD. However, the effect of prosocial behavior was insignificant after controlling for emotional/behavioral problems. Only school social support and friendship moderated the relationship between rejection and the risk factors in children with ADHD. Compensatory and moderating effects of all factors were found in the comparison group. Prevention and intervention of the peer rejection of children with ADHD should be focused on multiple levels of factors, especially social ones.

Effect of Pro-Social Behavior and Self-Determination on Life Satisfaction among Nursing Students

Effect of Pro-Social Behavior and Self-Determination on Life Satisfaction among Nursing Students

Prosocial Behavior and Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Bullying on Peer Victimization Among Middle School Students: Examining the Cross-Level Moderating Effect of Classroom Climate

In order to explore the effects of prosocial behavior, teacher’s attitudes towards bullying, and classroom climate on peer victimization, we collected data from 1,221 students (Mage = 13.60, SD = 0.88) from 47 classrooms and their teachers from three middle schools in Beijing, China. The hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the effect of the classroom climate at both the individual and classroom levels, and the interactions between classroom climate and students’ prosocial behavior, as well as student perceptions of teachers’ attitudes towards bullying. Results showed that prosocial behaviors, teachers’ negative attitudes towards bullying, and authoritative classroom climate (at both individual and classroom levels) predicted less peer victimization. We also found significant cross-level interactions (classroom climate * student perceptions of teachers’ attitudes towards bullying and classroom climate * prosocial behavior) in predicting peer victimization. Specifically, student perceptions of teachers’ attitudes predicted peer victimization only when the overall authoritative classroom climate was high, or when the classroom-level teacher support was high. Students’ prosocial behavior only predicted peer victimization when there was less peer support in the classroom. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay between individual level and classroom level protective factors on peer victimization among Chinese middle school students. Impact Statement This is the first study examining classroom climate and its interaction with prosocial behavior and teachers’ attitudes towards bullying to predict victimization among Chinese middle school students. Findings shed light on the intricate interplay between individual level and classroom level protective factors on peer victimization among Chinese middle school students.

The benefits of giving: Effects of prosocial behavior on recovery from stress.

Individuals regularly face stress, and the manner in which they cope with that stress is a crucial component in predicting stress recovery. While many engage in self-rewarding behaviors to feel better, these behaviors can come with a cost. The current study tested the effect of engaging in a different behavior after experiencing stress-prosocial behavior. Given the health benefits associated with giving to others, it is plausible that engaging in prosocial behavior is more successful in reducing the psychological and physiological responses to stress. To test this, participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test and then either sent a gift card to a person of their choosing, received a gift card for themselves, or selected the more aesthetically pleasing gift card. Measures of self-reported mood, heart rate, blood pressure, salivary alpha-amylase, and cortisol were collected throughout the session. While the manipulation did not elicit differences in psychological or hormonal measures, the giving group showed a significantly greater downregulation of their heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure while recovering from the stressor. Additionally, those in the giving group who evidenced greater prosocial sentiment showed a larger reduction in diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure. A follow-up study suggested that these behaviors may be engaging different reward components, as those who gave a gift card reported greater "liking" while those who received a gift card reported greater "wanting". Overall, the findings show that engaging in prosocial behavior following a stressor can help to downregulate physiological stress responses.

다층 구조방정식을 이용한 초등학생의 학급 공동체 의식 및 또래지위와 방어행동의 관계에서 친사회적 행동의 매개효과

본 연구는 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 1,374명의 학생들(남 50.0%)을 대상으로 ‘학급 공동체 의식’ 및 ‘또래지위’와 ‘방어행동’의 관계에서 작용하는 ‘친사회적행동’의 매개효과를 학생 및 학급 수준에서 확인하고자 하였다. 연구 문제 검증을 위하여 클래스넷 데이터(4차년 1차)를 사용하였다. 학급 공동체 의식과 친사회적 행동은 자기보고 방식으로 측정하였고, 또래지위와 방어행동은 또래지명 방식으로 측정하였다. 다층 구조방정식을 이용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학급과 학생 수준 모두 학급 공동체 의식은 친사회적 행동에 정적인 직접 효과를 보였고, 또래지위도 방어행동에 정적인 직접 효과를 보였다. 둘째, 학생 수준에서 또래지위는 친사회적 행동과 방어행동에 정적인 직접 효과를 보였다. 셋째, 학생 수준에서 학급 공동체 의식은 방어행동에 부적인 직접 효과를 보였고 친사회적 행동은 정적인 직접 효과를 보였다. 넷째, 학생 수준에서 친사회적 행동은 학급 공동체 의식과 방어행동 간의 관계에서 부분적으로 매개하는 간접 효과를 보였다. 마지막으로, 학생 수준에서 친사회적 행동은 또래지위와 방어행동 간의 관계에서 부분적으로 매개하는 간접 효과를 보였다. 이런 결과로 볼 때 학급 수준에서 평균적으로 방어행동 비율이 높은 학급은 평균적으로 또래지위가 높은 학생들로 구성되어 있음을 알 수 있으며, 학생 수준에서 학급 공동체 의식과 또래지위가 높은 학생들의 방어행동 역량을 키우기 위해서는 친사회적 행동을 거쳐야 한다는 시사점을 확인할 수 있었다.

The Mediating Effect of Prosocial Behavior in the Relationship between Child's Play and Problem Behavior

The Mediating Effect of Prosocial Behavior in the Relationship between Child's Play and Problem Behavior

Physical activity and fitness: The feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of wearable activity tracker technology incorporating altruistic motivation in youth

The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of using wearable activity tracker technology, integrated with altruistic motivation in children to increase physical activity (PA), fitness, and prosocial behavior. A quasiexperimental design was employed in two 4th grade classrooms in a rural southern state. The intervention was a wearable PA tracker and a web-based curriculum with activities to earn power points redeemable to provide life-saving food to undernourished kids internationally. Seventeen children in the intervention group participated in the 10-week PA program and 18 children were in the wait listed control group. Three measures were assessed in both groups at baseline and postintervention: (a) PA measured with accelerometers, (b) fitness levels measured with shuttle run, and (c) prosocial behavior measured with Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire. Of the 35 children enrolled, the majority were nine years old (n = 28), black (n = 31) and female (n = 23). An overall enrollment rate of 88%, attrition rate of 9%, and an accelerometer noncompliance rate of 25% was determined to assess feasibility. There was no statistical significance between the control and intervention group outcome variables. The average minutes of PA in the control group decreased 8 min from baseline to postintervention (p = .05). In the intervention group, PA decreased by 10 min from baseline to postintervention (p = .12). In both the control and intervention groups, prosocial behavior scores decreased (p = .09 control; p = .62 intervention). The fitness scores, VO2 max, did not significantly change (intervention p = .21; control p = .35). Developing effective interventions that foster PA and dissuade sedentary behaviors are essential to enhancing PA and fitness levels. The recruitment, retention, and accelerometer wear adherence suggest this setting, with this population is feasible. The intervention is deliverable, however, the potential of wearable activity trackers and the effect of prosocial behavior that benefits others in increasing PA and improving cardiorespiratory fitness, should be further researched by building on the successful elements of this study.

The effect of prosocial behavior on benefactors’ positive affect: Focusing on the role of request for help and culture

The effect of prosocial behavior on benefactors’ positive affect: Focusing on the role of request for help and culture

The Reciprocity of Prosocial Behavior and Positive Affect in Daily Life.

To examine whether prosocial behaviors help sustain a positive mood, we tested the dynamic reciprocal associations between prosocial behavior and positive affect (PA) in daily life. A second aim was to examine whether the personality traits Neuroticism and Extraversion moderate these associations. The study included a community sample (N = 553). Participants completed an electronic diary assessing prosocial behavior and PA three times a day over 30 days. A subsample of 322 participants filled out the NEO Five-Factor Inventory to assess Neuroticism and Extraversion. Multilevel autoregressive models were performed to examine the within-person bidirectional associations between prosocial behavior and PA and possible moderation by Neuroticism and Extraversion. Within individuals, more PA was followed by more prosocial behavior at the next assessment, and more prosocial behavior was followed by more PA. The effect of prosocial behavior on PA was stronger for individuals high on Neuroticism. Extraversion did not moderate the associations under study. The findings indicate that prosocial behavior and PA reinforce each other in daily life. Prosocial behavior seems most beneficial for individuals high on Neuroticism.

Do unto others or treat yourself? The effects of prosocial and self-focused behavior on psychological flourishing.

When it comes to the pursuit of happiness, popular culture encourages a focus on oneself. By contrast, substantial evidence suggests that what consistently makes people happy is focusing prosocially on others. In the current study, we contrasted the mood- and well-being-boosting effects of prosocial behavior (i.e., doing acts of kindness for others or for the world) and self-oriented behavior (i.e., doing acts of kindness for oneself) in a 6-week longitudinal experiment. Across a diverse sample of participants (N = 473), we found that the 2 types of prosocial behavior led to greater increases in psychological flourishing than did self-focused and neutral behavior. In addition, we provide evidence for mechanisms explaining the relative improvements in flourishing among those prompted to do acts of kindness-namely, increases in positive emotions and decreases in negative emotions. Those assigned to engage in self-focused behavior did not report improved psychological flourishing, positive emotions, or negative emotions relative to controls. The results of this study contribute to a growing literature supporting the benefits of prosocial behavior and challenge the popular perception that focusing on oneself is an optimal strategy to boost one's mood. People striving for happiness may be tempted to treat themselves. Our results, however, suggest that they may be more successful if they opt to treat someone else instead. (PsycINFO Database Record

The Relationship between the Religious Orientation of Adolescents and Bystander Roles in Bullying: Mediating Effect of Prosocial Behavior and Morality

The Relationship between the Religious Orientation of Adolescents and Bystander Roles in Bullying: Mediating Effect of Prosocial Behavior and Morality

Prosocial behavior in the production of publicly provided goods and services: an overview

This paper offers a selective review of research on the existence and effects of prosocial behavior among individuals who work in public organizations. We first present evidence from the empirical literature documenting the importance of such phenomena and their features. We then discuss theoretical works that analyze the implications of prosocial behavior for the optimal design of incentive schemes and for organizing production in public firms. Some policy recommendations from the literature are also discussed.