Effect Of Mulch Type Research Articles

Effect of Mulch Type on Onion Plant Growth and Production (Allium ascalonicum L.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan mulsa terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.). Penelitian ini menggunakan (RAK) non faktorial 9 taraf, M0 = Kontrol, M1 = Ampas Tebu, M2 = Cangkang Sawit, M3 = Karung Beras, M4 = Alang – Alang, M5 = MPHP, M6 = Sabut Kelapa, M7 = Serbuk Gergaji, M8 = Sekam Padi. Parameter dalam penelitian tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah daun, berat basah umbi/sampel (g), berat basah umbi/plot (g) dan jumlah umbi/sampel (siung). Hasil penelitian berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman (cm) umur 42 HST berpengaruh nyata pada umur 35 HST, berpengaruh tidak nyata pada umur 7, 14, 21 dan 28 HST. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan penggunaan mulsa M3, perlakuan mulsa berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah daun pada umur 7, 14, 28, 35 dan 42 HST, berpengaruh tidak nyata pada umur 21 HST. Pengamatan berat basah umbi per sampel, per plot (g) dan jumlah umbi per sampel berpengaruh tidak nyata.

Effect of mulch type on physico-chemical quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in semi-arid region of India

Effect of mulch type on physico-chemical quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in semi-arid region of India

Effect of mulch types on soil moisture, soil fertility, growth and yield of pineapple (Ananas comosus) in hill zone of Assam

A field experiment was carried out in Hill Zone of Assam from 2017 to 2019 with the objective of identifying mulch types on soil moisture retention, soil physical and chemical properties, growth and yield of pineapple (Ananas comosus) grown in hill slopes under farmers’ field condition. The treatments consisting of mulching with black polythene, dhaincha (Sesbania aquleata) as mulch, frequent slashing of weeds, soil mulching (soil mounding) and farmers practice without any mulch as control were evaluated in a randomized block design. Soil moisture content at 0-30cm depth was significantly different among the mulching methods and highest value of 14.2% at 0-30cm depth at harvesting was recorded in black polythene followed by slashing of weeds (13.1) and minimum in farmers practice. Soil texture was not affected by various mulches but there was a decline in bulk density with mulching and minimum value of 1.23 kg m-3 was recorded under slashing of weeds. Higher organic carbon (8.8 g kg-1), available nitrogen (341.8 kg ha-1), phosphorus (9.5 kg ha-1) and potassium (100.6 kg ha-1) were recorded in organic mulches i.e. slashing of weeds and dhaincha. The highest yield attributing characters and fruit yield of 38.3t ha-1 was recorded in the black polythene treatment followed by dhaincha as mulch (36.5 t ha-1) and frequent slashing of weed (35.6 t ha-1). Soil mulching and farmers practice recorded significantly lower yield than other treatments.

Effect of mulch types on soil moisture, soil fertility, growth and yield of pineapple (Ananas comosus) in hill zone of Assam

A field experiment was carried out in Hill Zone of Assam from 2017 to 2019 with the objective of identifying mulch types on soil moisture retention, soil physical and chemical properties, growth and yield of pineapple (Ananas comosus) grown in hill slopes under farmers’ field condition. The treatments consisting of mulching with black polythene, dhaincha (Sesbania aquleata) as mulch, frequent slashing of weeds, soil mulching (soil mounding) and farmers practice without any mulch as control were evaluated in a randomized block design. Soil moisture content at 0-30cm depth was significantly different among the mulching methods and highest value of 14.2% at 0-30cm depth at harvesting was recorded in black polythene followed by slashing of weeds (13.1) and minimum in farmers practice. Soil texture was not affected by various mulches but there was a decline in bulk density with mulching and minimum value of 1.23 kg m-3 was recorded under slashing of weeds. Higher organic carbon (8.8 g kg-1 ), available nitrogen (341.8 kg ha-1 ), phosphorus (9.5 kg ha-1 ) and potassium (100.6 kg ha-1 ) were recorded in organic mulches i.e. slashing of weeds and dhaincha. The highest yield attributing characters and fruit yield of 38.3t ha-1 was recorded in the black polythene treatment followed by dhaincha as mulch (36.5 t ha-1 ) and frequent slashing of weed (35.6 t ha-1 ). Soil mulching and farmers practice recorded significantly lower yield than other treatments.

Effect of Mulch Type and Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer on Pumpkin Plants (Cucurbita moschata)

The production of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Durch) continues to increase. Optimize the production results, a special treatment is needed. The treatment can be in the form of cultivation techniques such as giving mulch or applying appropriate fertilizers. Research is located on Jl. Kaping Gajah No.45, Jatimulyo Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang City. Observation of parameters: observing the length of the tendrils, number of leaves, number of flowers, fruit weight, diversity of arthropods and intensity of disease in plants. The effect of using black silver plastic mulch (BSPM) is more influential on plant growth and yield than the treatment of black mulch and straw mulch. This is BSPM can suppress weed growth, maintain soil water balance, increase soil surface temperature, increase microorganism activity, keep soil loose, and stimulate root growth. The observations it can be seen that the use of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) has more effect on plant growth and yield than without using LOF. This is because the use of LOF can stimulate the growth of production branches, and increase the formation of flowers and ovules, and reduce the fall of leaves, flowers and ovules. The use of BSPM and LOF will optimize the growth and yield of pumpkin plants. When use of BSPM and LOF, the soil will remain loose, the activity of soil microorganisms will increase, and the nutrients in the soil will also be maintained.

Mulch Application and Plant Spacing Influence on Growth Traits, Pests, Insects and Weeds in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Varieties

Mulch Application and Plant Spacing Influence on Growth Traits, Pests, Insects and Weeds in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Varieties

Effect of Mulch Type and Depth on Rooting of Stem Cuttings and Weed Control in Containers

Weeds are a major problem in cutting propagation and compete with the main crop for water, sunlight, and nutrients, thus reducing growth and marketable quality of rooted cuttings. Due to the high labor cost of hand weeding, mulches can be an alternative method for weed control in the propagation environment. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of mulches (coarse vermiculite, rice hulls, paper pellets, and pine pellets) on rooting of stem cuttings and weed control when applied at 0.5- and 1-inch depths. Cuttings of three plant species [‘Nanho Blue’ butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii), ‘Catawba’ crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica), ‘Phantom’ hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata)] were stuck in 2.5-inch-diameter containers filled with pine bark substrate and treated with mulch. In a separate study, seeds of four weed species [creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata), hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), mulberry weed (Fatoua villosa)] were sown onto the mulch surface. Rooting percentage was unaffected by mulch type or depth for any of the three crop species (‘Nanho Blue’ butterfly bush, ‘Catawba’ crape myrtle, ‘Phantom’ hydrangea). Pine pellets did not affect root dry weight of any crop species, but root length and volume of ‘Catawba’ crape myrtle was reduced by pine pellets at 1-inch depth. Rice hulls slightly reduced the root length and volume of ‘Catawba’ crape myrtle, but the reduction was less than 50%. Pine pellets and paper pellets (both depths) reduced growth of all four weed species. Even though weed seeds germinated in pine and paper pellets, seedlings did not grow large enough to potentially affect crop rooting. In conclusion, pine pellets and paper pellets at 0.5-inch depth can be effective in suppressing weed populations with minimal effect on rooting.

Pengaruh Jenis Mulsa dan Dosis Bokashi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.)

This research is about the effect of mulch type and bokashi dose on the growth of chili. This study aims to determine: (1) the effect of mulch type on the growth of chili, (2) the effect of bokashi dose on the growth of chili, (3) the effect of the interaction of mulch type and bokashi dose on the growth of chili. This research used factorial design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is the type of mulch which consists of 3 types of mulch namely black silver plastic mulch, rice straw mulch and dry leaf mulch. The second factor is the dose of bokashi which consists of 6 levels, namely: Po = without giving bokashi (control), P1 = giving 0.4 kg bokashi, P2 = giving 0.8 kg bokashi, P3 = giving 1.2 kg of bokashi, P4 = giving 1.6 kg of bokashi and P5 = giving 2.0 kg of bokashi. Growth parameters measured were stem height, leaf blade length, leaf blade width and wet weight of chili stems. Data analysis was performed by analysis of variance. The results showed that: (1) mulch type significantly affected stem height, stem wet weight, leaf blade length and leaf blade width, silver black plastic mulch gave better results than other mulches, (2) The dose of organic fertilizer significantly affected height stem, stem wet weight and leaf blade length but not significantly affect leaf blade width, (3) interaction of mulch type and bokashi dose did not significantly affect stem height, stem weight, stem length, leaf blade length and leaf blade width

Mulching as a cultural control strategy for Drosophila suzukii in blueberry.

Fruit growers largely depend on chemical control to reduce populations of the economically damaging invasive fly, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). Drosophila suzukii is susceptible to high temperatures and low humidity; therefore, it may be possible to implement cultural control practices that create microclimates unfavorable for its development and survival. In addition to other fruit production benefits, in-row mulches may impede the development of D. suzukii immatures when larvae leave the fruit to pupate in the soil. This study compared the effects of different mulches (black polypropylene fabric weedmats, sawdust, and wood chips) on temperature and relative humidity (RH), and on adult emergence of D. suzukii from larvae in blueberries and pupae, both above and below the ground surface in blueberry plantings (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Across regions, both lower larval survival and longer periods with high suboptimal temperatures occurred above the ground in comparison to buried below the ground, regardless of mulch type. Fewer D. suzukii adults emerged from larvae on weedmat mulch at one site, but there was no effect of mulch type on temperature, RH, or D. suzukii emergence at most sites. The relationships between temperature, RH, and the emergence of adults from larvae and pupae varied by region. Natural infestation by D. suzukii in blueberries was lower over weedmat compared to wood-based mulches at one site. Greenhouse experiments showed that larvae burrowed to pupate underneath sawdust mulch, but were unable to pupate underneath a weedmat mulch. Although weedmats may not modify temperatures or RH enough to consistently affect D. suzukii emergence, they can reduce field suitability for D. suzukii by providing a barrier that prevents larvae from reaching favorable pupation microhabitats underground. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effect of plastic mulch and burial depth on purple nutsedge (Cyerperus rotundus) emergence and growth

ABSTRACTCyperus rotundus L. causes high yield losses in fruiting vegetables and cucurbits in eastern and southeastern parts of Iran. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of mulch type (1- and 2-layer black and clear low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sheets as well as a non-mulched control) and tuber burial depth (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm) on C. rotundus above- and belowground growth. All experiments were conducted using three different populations from Birjand, Kahnooj, and Jiroft. It was found that the greatest suppression of C. rotundus growth in all populations was observed in plots covered with 2-layer black LDPE, so that no above- or belowground growth was found with this type of LDPEs. It was also concluded that C. rotundus can emerge from tuber burial depths in the range of 30–50 cm depending on the population studied, indicating mechanical operations that bury the tubers in soil depths even as deep as 50 cm (e.g. moldboard ploughing), cannot guarantee to suppress the emergence and tuber production of this noxious weed species. Our study clearly showed that using a 2-layer black LDPE can be recommended as a promising technique for the control of C. rotundus rather than implementing a deep tillage.

Effect of mulch types on nutrient composition, maize (Zea mays L.) yield and soil properties of a tropical Alfisol in Southwestern Nigeria

Field investigations were carried out to evaluate the influence of shrub and herbaceous mulch types on soil properties and nutrient composition of maize (Zea mays L.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure in the rainforest zone of southwestern Nigeria in 2013 and 2014 respectively. The shrub mulch; Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia, herbaceous mulch; Calopogonium mucunoides and Moringa oleifera were applied at the rate of 5 t ha-1. Application of NPK (20:10:10) fertilizer at the rate of 200 kg ha-1 was included as the standard treatment for the experiments. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication. The growth, agronomic parameters and nutritional quality of maize (Zea mays L.) were monitored and determined in both experiments. Results indicated that herbaceous mulch types and NPK fertilizer significantly (P<0.05) increased the number of leaves, plant height and leaf area when compared with the control in both years. Significant increases in yield parameters over the control were obtained for the NPK fertilizer treatment. In 2013 and 2014 cropping season NPK 20-10-10 treatment significantly produced the highest cob yield but was not significantly higher than the yield from Gliricidia sepium treatment in 2014. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and exchangeable cations were positively stimulated by herbaceous mulches while residual phosphorus (P) was increased by NPK fertilizer treatment. Mulched treatments significantly increased crude protein, carbohydrate, nitrogen, phosphorus and ash content of maize grain in both years of cropping season thereby improving nutritional content of maize grain. Therefore, shrub and herbaceous mulch treatments applied at 5t/ha-1 could be applied alternatively in lieu of scarce and expensive inorganic fertilizer for improved maize yield, soil properties and nutrient composition.

Effect of Mulch Types and Mineral Fertilizer Rates on Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata) Growth and Yield in the Highlands of Rwanda

Effect of Mulch Types and Mineral Fertilizer Rates on Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata) Growth and Yield in the Highlands of Rwanda

A review of optimal systems for organic production of blueberry and blackberry for fresh and processed markets in the northwestern United States

Various production systems have been evaluated in blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) and northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in certified organic research trials for 5 and 8 years, respectively, in Aurora, OR, USA (lat. 45°16′47″N, long. 122°45′23″W) and are reviewed here. Treatments included cultivar, weed management, and fertilizer source in both crops; planting system, use of municipal yard debris compost, and fertilizer rate in blueberry; and effectiveness of liquid sources of fertilizer through the drip irrigation system, training time, and impact of withholding irrigation after fruit harvest in blackberry. In blueberry, cumulative yield per plant (2008–2014) averaged 21% greater on raised beds than on flat ground. A black, woven polyethylene ground cover (weed mat) offered the most economical method of weed control, as compared to a mulch of municipal yard debris compost topped with sawdust or sawdust alone. Mulching with weed mat increased cumulative yield compared to the organic mulches, but there was little effect of mulch type on fruit quality. Plants grown with weed mat had a higher shoot-to-root ratio during establishment and required more irrigation water be applied. Addition of yard debris compost to the mulch increased soil and leaf potassium (K), but had little effect on plant nitrogen (N). However, when this compost was used as an amendment prior to planting, soil pH increased to levels above the recommended range for blueberry. Some cultivars were less adapted to the various fertilizer sources and production systems tested. Trailing blackberry plants grown with weed mat produced 25% and 100% higher yield than plants grown with hand-weeding and without weed control, respectively, making this the most economical weed management option. We found no effect of post-harvest deficit irrigation on yield over 2 years. There was little effect of fertilizer source on blackberry yield or fruit quality in processed or fresh production systems. Cultivar differences in adaptation to organic production systems and susceptibility to insect pests were noted. Organic sources of fertilizer contain high levels of nutrients other than N, particularly phosphorus, K, and calcium. The addition of these nutrients when using organic fertilizers, even when they are not required by the plants, must be considered in these production systems. The cost of organic fertilizers tested ranged from $US5.60 to $17.95 per kg of N and varied by method of application. Liquid sources of fish and grain blends were successfully fertigated during the study with little impact on emitter performance. Since our research began, weed mat has become very common in organic as well as conventional blueberry fields in the Pacific northwestern United States thus reducing costs of herbicides and hand weeding.

Effects of tree guards and mulching on plantation establishment of ‘Tasmanian Native Pepper’ (Tasmannia lanceolata (Poir.) A.C. Smith)

The leaves of Tasmannia lanceolata contain the polygodial compound, that is used commercially for its flavoring and antimicrobial properties. Currently leaves are harvested from native stands. Plantation production would enable the use of superior clones in terms of polygodial yield and quality; however establishment has proved problematic. Two trial plantations were established in Southern Tasmania that included treatments of tree guards and plastic and wood chip mulches. The objective was to evaluate the effect of mulch type and tree guards on plant growth to benefit the further expansion of the T. lanceolata plantation estate. Tree guards increased plant height at both sites but decreased stem diameter at one site, and plastic and organic mulching increased plant height at one site. Photosynthetic rates of plants were increased by tree guards under both low and high light conditions. Yield of the most important plant extract component, polygodial, was unaffected by tree guards, while organic mulching decreased polygodial as a percentage of volatiles at one site.

Effects of Mulch Types on Dayneutral Strawberry Production in Three Distinct Environments in Ontario

Six plastic mulches (black, black-on-white, white-on-black, silver-on-black, brown, and green) were used to grow ‘Albion’ and ‘Seascape’ strawberries outside, and in a high tunnel at Cedar Springs in southwestern Ontario, and outside at New Liskeard in northeastern Ontario over 2 years. In the cooler climate of New Liskeard, there was no effect of mulch type on yields in the first year. In the second year, strawberry plants grown on the black and black-on-white mulches produced greater total and marketable yields than those on the white-on-black and silver-on-black mulches. ‘Albion’ had more tarnished plant bug damage than ‘Seascape’ at this location and, in 1 year, the ‘Albion’ grown on white-on-black mulch had significantly greater tarnished plant bug damage. In the warmer climate of Cedar Springs, there were more differences between mulches in the high tunnel than outside and ‘Albion’ responded more to mulch treatments than ‘Seascape’. In the high tunnel the first picking year, the greatest total and marketable yields of ‘Albion’ were from the white-on-black and silver-on-black mulch treatments. In the second year, these mulch treatments produced the fewest berries and other mulches gave superior yields. Outside in Cedar Springs there were no significant differences between the mulch treatments in the first year and few significant differences in the second year.

Effect of Mulch Type and Color on Honeydew Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Production in Western Mexico

Recently, honeydew melons cultivation has spread greatly in the western Mexico for its high price and demand for export market to the United States, Canada, and Japan. Information on production systems of this melon type is lacking. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of various mulches on yield of honeydew melon grown in tropical region. Treatments evaluated were: clear, white, brown, black, silver/black, and black/silver as plastic mulches colors and rice and corn straw used as organic mulches and bare soil as control. All polyethylene were of 125 thickness. These were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with four replications. `Honey brew' (Sakata) hybrid melon plants were transplanted each 0.50 cm as single on the center row on 27 Mar. Results show that the all polyethylene mulches, irrespective of color, were superior to rice, corn straw and bare soil in improving the number and weight of fruits and yield of honeydew melons. Among the mulch colors, clear plastic increased the number and weight of fruits in 34 and 0.727 g with respect to control. Yield was also enhanced by clear mulch with 226.05 kg, compared with organic mulches and the control with only 113. 30, 111.50, 100.20 kg/plot of 10 m2 respectively. Clear and black plastic completely suppressed the weed growth. Total soluble solids were also affected by the mulch type at the first harvest, the best content (more of 10.0%) was obtained with white and brown plastic mulches, and organic mulches, while that bare soil showed 8.05%. Organic mulches were found as a low-input alternative agricultural system for honeydew melons production.

The Effect of Mulch Type and Fertilizer Placement on Marigold (Tagetes erecta `Hybrid Gold') Growth in Landscape Plantings

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of mulch material and fertilizer application method on nutrient availability in a landscape situation. Beds containing four mulch materials (pine bark, cypress pulp, pine straw, and cottonseed hulls) and three fertilizer application methods (granule, liquid, and time release) were established. Fertilizer placement included application either above or below the mulch horizon. Beds with and without mulch cover and no fertilization were established as controls. Marigolds, Tagetes erecta `Hybrid Gold', were planted within the beds. Plants in unmulched or fertilized control beds had greater dry weights than plants in beds with mulch alone. Only plants grown in the cottonseed hull control demonstrated a slight improvement and cottonseed hulls demonstrated the best plant performance overall. The greater nitrogen content of cottonseed hulls may influence less immobilization of nitrogen in the soil solution during decomposition and reduce competition for nutrients between microorganisms and plants. Fertilization improved plant growth in all treatments except pine bark. Beds using pine bark showed significant reduction in plant dry matter accumulation. Potential toxicity or changes in soil chemistry by pine bark may have influenced these results and will be examined in further experiments. Fertilizer placement had no effect on plant growth.