Effects Of Morphological Changes Research Articles

Inertial migration of cylindrical micelles formed by comb-like copolymer in Poiseuille flow

By combining the lattice Boltzmann model of fluid flow with the molecular dynamics model of copolymers, we investigate the inertial migration of cylindrical micelles, which is obtained by controlling the length ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments in a comb-like copolymer. Our results demonstrate that cylindrical micelles gradually deviate from the center of the nanochannel with increasing Reynolds number (Re). For the same Re, the larger the cylindrical micelle is, the closer it is to the center of the nanochannel. Importantly, we find that the change in the equilibrium position is particularly pronounced at Re less than 0.1, while the trend becomes smoother at Re greater than 0.1, which is because of the transition of micelles from cylindrical to disk-like shapes when Re is smaller than 0.1, and does not change as Re further increases. This work provides an understanding of cylindrical micelles' inertial migration, particularly in identifying the effect of morphological changes on the equilibrium position, which could lead to significant advancements in the inertial migration of polymer micelles.

Synergistic optimization of multifunctional properties in carbon fiber/phenolic composites by designing array carbon nanotubes structures on the surface of carbon fibers

Carbon fiber/phenolic resin composites have great potential application in the field of electronic information, where excellent structural-functional integration is required. In this work, the establishment of interfacial structures consisting of carbon nanotubes with different morphologies at the fiber/matrix interface is conducive to the further modulation of the mechanical, tribological, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and thermal conductivity properties of carbon fiber/phenolic resin composites. Specially, array carbon nanotubes can deep into the resin matrix, effectively hindering crack extension, and constructing an electrically and thermally conductive network. Compared with the carbon fiber/phenolic composites, the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity (163.86 ± 9.60 MPa, 5.06 ± 0.25 GPa) of the array carbon nanotubes reinforced carbon fiber/phenolic composites were enhanced by 57.09 % and 22.22 %. The average friction coefficient and wear rate (0.20 ± 0.02, 1.11 × 10−13 ± 0.13 × 10−13 m3N−1m−1) were reduced by 39.39 % and 74.31 %. EMI shielding effectiveness up to 40 dB in the X-band at 0.4 mm sample thickness, diffusion coefficient (0.39 ± 0.003 mm2/s) and thermal conductivity (0.54 ± 0.004 W/(m K)) were enhanced by up to 14.37 % and 50.42 %. This study reveals the beneficial effects of morphological changes of carbon nanotubes on the design of interfacial structure, proposes the reinforcement mechanism of array carbon nanotubes, and opens up the prospect of carbon fiber/phenolic composites for electronic applications.

Investigation of the Effects of Disasters on the Development of Urban Form

Cities are in a dynamic structure that is in a constant process of change and transformation. In the process of changeand transformation, while cities grow by developing in various ways, their morphological structures also change. Inthis process, various natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, and flood, etc.) affect the changes in the cities and shapethe morphology of the cities to a great extent. Especially natural disasters that occur in urban centers can causesudden changes in the development of urban forms. This study, it is aimed to examine the spatial developments ofdisaster cities and the effects of morphological changes at the macro form level on the physical form of cities. Thoseaffected by earthquakes, one of the most experienced natural disasters in Turkey, and urban settlements whosecenters are desired to be changed; Erzincan, Sakarya-Adapazarı, Ağrı-Doğubeyazıt, Denizli, and Düzce provinces werechosen as typical case examples. Within the scope of the study; urban morphology was considered as a methodaiming to analyze the changes that a city or part of the city had undergone formally, and the urban developmentpatterns of the sample cities were examined by choosing the intervention scale city form in the city morphology.

Oxalate-mediated synthesis of hybrid nickel cobalt-based nanostructures for boosting water and urea electrooxidation efficiency

The utilization of urea during electrolysis presents an appealing option for anodic oxidation, offering environmental benefits by converting waste into energy. The present work focuses on synthesizing mixed transition metal oxide (MMO) nanostructures composed of nickel rich nickel cobaltite electrode materials. Interesting, cobalt rich nickel cobaltite have been widely studied; however, the nickel-rich nickel cobaltite remains relatively unexplored. For stabilization of nickel rich nickel cobaltite, we have designed a process for synthesizing three-dimensional (3D) Ni-Co oxalate as a precursor via the coprecipitation method using diammonium oxalate monohydrate as a precipitating agent. The as obtained precursor was further subjected to thermal decomposition which results in the formation of Ni2CoO4. Microstructural analysis of Ni-Co oxalate indicates that oxalate-assisted synthesis leads to anisotropic ultrafine nanoparticle growth, forming hierarchically arranged 3D microflowers. Interestingly, the use of NaOH as a precipitating agent induces a significant change in the morphology of Ni2CoO4, (nanoparticles). Furthermore, the effect of morphology changes over the electrochemical performance was investigated. Ni2CoO4 microflower demonstrates an overpotential of 330 mV@25 mA/cm2 for O2 and −190 mV@10 mA/cm2 for H2 production during water oxidation in 1 M KOH, exhibiting excellent stability for up to 24 h. During urea oxidation, the potential required by Ni2CoO4 microflowers was 1.31 V@10 mA/cm2. Ni2CoO4 nanoparticles' performance is significantly poor during water and urea oxidation compared to the microflower counterpart. Therefore, this work provides detailed insights into designing MMOs with high porosity, increased exposed active sites, and unique structural features that enhance electrocatalytic activity.

The effect of changes in morphology and structure of ZnS particle spheres on H2S gas release and cellular uptake behavior

Because preparation circumstances are limited, the relationship between spherical porous zinc sulfide (ZnS) and cells is rarely investigated. Thus, using the hydrothermal approach, four different types of ZnS spheres with consistent size, high dispersion, and stability were created in this research by varying the temperature, duration, solvent ratio, and pH level of the hydrothermal process. Three structures are present in the generated particle spheres: solid, hollow, and mesoporous structures. In addition to causing a significant variation in the particle spheres' specific surface area, porosity, and surface roughness, the distinct architectures also have an impact on ZnS particle spheres' capacity to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas in an acidic environment. Experiments on hemolysis and cytotoxicity demonstrated that ZnS particle spheres with varying concentrations and shapes exhibited no cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. According to cellular uptake trials, ZnS particle spheres with a rougher surface structure and a bigger specific surface area are more likely to be absorbed by macrophages and release more H2S gas. This activity of releasing H2S gas by H+ action and MA phagocytosis by employing ZnS as a donor lays the groundwork for later particles to load medicines and carry out biological functions.

Quantitative Dynamic AFM Hydration‐Adsorption Design for Hygroscopic and Bio‐Compatible Polymeric Nanofibers

Nanomechanical properties of bio‐compatible polymers play crucial roles in tissue engineering scaffolds and filtration devices. The hygro‐mechanical properties of those fibers have been mostly studied from a very coarse perspective, reaching a micrometer‐scale. However, at the nanoscale the mechanical response of polymeric fibers becomes more challenging due to both experimental‐theoretical limitations. In particular, the environment‐mediated mechanical response of polymer‐fibers demands advanced models that consider sub‐nanometric changes in the local structure of water‐intercalated with single‐polymer‐chains. Herein, atomic force‐microscopy (AFM) experiments, analytical theory, and simulations are combined to determine the elastic properties of the nanofibers as a function of relative humidity. The effect of morphological changes from the adsorbed water‐layer, and an ensemble of inter‐chain interaction strength and morphological changes at peak‐forces are explored. For the polyvinyl‐alcohol (PVA) nanofibers, considerable differences are found, which are strongly dependent on the molecular signatures of hydration‐adsorption at a polymer‐chain level. Here, the semi‐empirical model plays a key role in properly interpreting experiments by evaluating only a few observables, the height, phase (dissipation), and alternatively the force‐distance curves. Beyond the semi‐empirical model, an analytical approach to calculate the peak‐forces of hygroscopic materials is featured, which enables on‐the‐fly characterization of the samples, and thus the interactive adjustment of operational‐parameters.

Novel construction and synthesis mechanism of b-axis oriented flower-like SAPO-11 molecular sieve in OSC-containing system for efficient hydroisomerization of long-chain n-alkanes

In view of the fact that different kinds of flower-like zeolites and materials have been synthesized for catalysis, but there are few reports on the construction of flower-like SAPO-11 molecular sieve. In this work, we successfully synthesized b-axis oriented flower-like SAPO-11 molecular sieve with multi-layered structure in the organosilicon compounds (OSC)-containing system for the first time. The morphology and b-axis thickness of SAPO-11 flakes were controlled and the tailored synthesis of b-axis oriented flower-like SAPO-11 with multi-layered structure was realized by adding [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) into the synthesis system. The NiWS supported catalyst for hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane was prepared by using the synthesized flower-like SAPO-11 as support. Through a series of characterization techniques, the effects of morphological changes of SAPO-11 molecular sieve on the textural properties, acidity, element composition and silicon distribution of SAPO-11 molecular sieve were investigated, and the influence mechanism of morphological changes of the support on the active phase properties of the catalyst was studied. The formation mechanism of multi-layered flower-like SAPO-11 was proposed, the influence mechanism of the morphological change of the support on the catalytic performance of the catalyst and the catalytic reaction kinetics was investigated, and the structure–activity relationship between flower-like SAPO-11 and NiWS supported catalyst was systematically expounded. It provides a reference for enriching the morphological types of SAPO-11 molecular sieve and preparing catalyst for high-efficiency hydroisomerization of long-chain n-alkanes.

Effect of morphological change on the maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac tissue in rotating flow culture

IntroductionUnderstanding the critical factors for the maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac tissue is important for further development of culture techniques. Rotating flow culture, where the tissues float in the culture medium by balancing its gravitational settling and the medium flow generated in rotating disk-shaped culture vessels, is one of culture systems used for tissue engineering. It has previously been demonstrated that rotating flow culture leads to the formation of matured cardiac tissue with higher levels of function and structure than the other culture systems. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the maturation of cardiac tissue remain unclear. This study investigated the maturation process of hiPSC-derived cardiac tissue in rotating flow culture with a focus on morphological changes in the tissue, which is a trigger for maturation. MethodsThe cardiac tissue, which consisted of cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSCs, was cultured on the 3D scaffold of poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-aligned nanofibers, in rotating flow culture for 5 days. During the culture, the time profile of projected area of tissue and formation of maturation marker proteins (β-myosin heavy chain and Connexin-43), tissue structure, and formation of nuclear lamina proteins (Lamin A/C) were compared with that in static suspension culture. ResultsThe ratio of the projected area of tissue significantly decreased from Day 0 to Day 3 due to tissue shrinkage. In contrast, Western blot analysis revealed that maturation protein markers of cardiomyocytes significantly increased after Day 3. In addition, in rotating flow culture, flat-shaped nuclei and fiber-like cytoskeletal structures were distributed in the surface region of tissue where medium flow was continuously applied. Moreover, Lamin A/C, which are generally formed in differentiated cells owing to mechanical force across the cytoskeleton and critically affect the maturation of cardiomyocytes, were significantly formed in the tissue of rotating flow culture. ConclusionsIn this study, we found that spatial heterogeneity of tissue structure and tissue shrinkage occurred in rotating flow culture, which was not observed in static suspension culture. Moreover, from the quantitative analysis, it was also suggested that tissue shrinkage in rotating flow culture contributed its following tissue maturation. These findings showed one of the important characteristics of rotating flow culture which was not revealed in previous studies.

Effect of morphological changes in the sagittal plane of vertebrae and discs on degenerative kyphodeformity

To explore the effects of morphological changes such as vertebral wedge deformation and disc degeneration (collapse) on adult thoracolumbar/lumbar degenerative kyphosis(TL/LDK) deformity. A retrospective analysis of 32 patients with spinal TL/LDK deformity admitted from August 2015 to December 2020, including 8 males and 24 females, aged 48 to 75(60.3±12.4) years old. On the long-cassette standing upright lateral radiographs, the coronal Cobb angle, sagittal thoracic lumbar/lumbar kyphosis angle(KA) of spine were measured, and the height and wedge parameters of apex vertebral(AV) and two vertebrae(AV-1, AV-2, AV+1, AV+2) above and below AV and the intervertebrae and the intervertebral disc(AV-1D, AV-2D, AV+1D, AV+2D) were evaluated, involving anterior vertebral body height(AVH), posterior vertebral body height(PVH), vertebral wedge angle(VWA), ratio of vertebral wedging(RVW), anterior disc height(ADH), posterior disc height(PDH), disc wedge angle(DWA), ratio of disc wedging(RDW), and DWA/KA. The average angle of kyphosis was (44.2±19.1)°. A significant decrease in anterior height of vertebral was observed compared to the posterior height of vertebral(P<0.005). There was no significant difference in anterior and posterior height of discs. The vertebral wedging ratio/contribution ratio:AV-2(14.98±10.95)%/(14.21±8.08)%, AV-1(21.08±12.39)%/(18.09±7.38)%, AV(26.94±11.94)%/(25.52±8.64)%, AV+1(24.19±8.42)%/(20.82±8.69)%, AV+2(20.56±7.80)%/(15.60±9.71)%, total contribution(94.23±22.25)%, the disc wedging ratio/contribution ratio:AV-2D(2.88±2.57)%/(5.27±4.11)%, AV-1D(1.98±1.41)%/(2.29±2.16)%, AV+1D(-5.54±3.75)%/(-0.57±0.46)%, AV+2D(-8.27±4.62)%/(-1.22±1.11)%, total contribution (5.77±4.79)%. And the contribution rate of AV was significantly higher than that of adjacent vertebral(P<0.05). The vertebral body and intervertebral disc shape both have influence on thoracolumbar kyphosis. However, the contribution of vertebral morphometry to the angle of TL/LDK deformity is relatively more important than the disc. The contribution of the wedge change of the AV to the TL/LDK deformity is particularly significant.

Experimental Study of the Effect of Morphological Changes due to the Permeable Type Groyne Structuren

The shape of a narrow river with a steep slope and high intensity of rainfall can affect the speed of the flow so that it has an impact on changes in flow dynamics that have the potential to cause erosion of the riverbed. This condition affects morphological changes with the emergence of degradation and agradation phenomena in certain areas. To determine the effect of morphological changes, laboratory tests were carried out using a permeable type groyne structure as an obstacle to reduce the flow velocity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of changes in basic morphology by changing the ratio of the groyne distance, which is 60 cm and 90 cm on variations in discharge and channel slope. The data required include flow velocity, flow depth, temperature and scour volume. In addition, the scour contours are drawn using Surfer software. The results showed that there was an effect of turbulent flow patterns on the use of groynes, causing local scour around the groynes and it was revealed that the use of groynes with a distance ratio of 90 cm was quite efficient in reducing scour.

Impacts of morphological change on coastal landscape dynamics in Monpura Island in the northern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

Coastal morphological change and landscape dynamics have been creating a new window for taking immediate sustainable management strategies for coastal resources management. The dynamic nature of coastal morphological response includes erosion/accretion of landmass, development of an island by sedimentation, movement of the island, and change in geometry and shape. The objectives of the study illustrate morphological change, driver, and mechanism of morphological change, and the effects of morphological change on coastal landscape dynamics. The study also explores spatio-temporal landscape dynamics effects on coastal ecosystem services and livelihood pattern of the coastal community. The novelty of the present research is that how morphological change influence in response to landscape dynamics and its ecosystem services by exploring historical data including shoreline change, century scale erosion and accretion, stability of the islands since 1776 to 2021. In this study, historical maps (i.e., Rennell’s map in 1776 and Tassin map in 1840), Topographic Survey map (1943) and remotely sensed digital image (i.e., Landsat TM in 1990, 2000 and 2010, and Landsat OLI in 2021) have been used to quantify coastal geomorphological change and landscape dynamics through RS and GIS tools and techniques. The finding of the study showed remarkable change occurred in geomorphology of the Monpura Island over the period of 245 years. The spatial coverage of the island has been declined dramatically, which is quantified ∼2905 ha from 1776 to 2021. In the century scale from 1840 to 1943, erosion is observed higher than accretion, and the statistics showing that 8963.40 ha eroded along the east flank of Island. In the northern flank of the Island, Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and the rate of shoreline movement which expressed by EPR showed highest and flowed by ∼4 km and -126.55 m/y toward landmass. During the epoch 1990–2021, because of morphological change and anthropogenic interventions, the crop land of the Island has been significantly declined by ∼38%, while the rivers and settlement spatial coverage have been increased by ∼768% and ∼153%, with an annual rate of change ∼25% and ∼5% respectively. These outcomes and prepared maps of the current research will be supportive for the local inhabitant, coastal morphologist, and environmental resources management manager, national and international policy advisor, government and non-movement stakeholder, researcher to observe coastal morpho-dynamics including shoreline dynamics, coastal erosion and accretion and its impacts on landscape and ecosystem services.

Analysis of the effect of morphological changes in the kidneys on the heart in IgA nephropathy

Analysis of the effect of morphological changes in the kidneys on the heart in IgA nephropathy

Seasonal Tidal Dynamics in the Qiantang Estuary: The Importance of Morphological Evolution

Despite the increasing number of studies on the river-tide interactions in estuaries, less attention has been paid to the role of seasonal morphological changes on tidal regime. This study analyzes the seasonal interplay of river and tide in the Qiantang Estuary, China, particularly focusing on the influences of the active morphological evolution induced by the seasonal variation of river discharge. The study is based on the high and low water levels at three representative stations along the estuary and daily river discharge through 2015, an intermediate flow year in which a typical river flood occurred, as well as the bathymetric data measured in April, July and November, 2015. The results show strong seasonal variations of the water level in addition to the spring-neap variation. These variations are obviously due to the interaction between river discharge and tide but can only be fully explained by including the effect of morphological changes. Two types of the influences of the variation of the river discharge on the tidal dynamics in the estuary can be distinguished: one is immediately induced by the high flow and the other continues for a much longer period because of the bed erosion and the following bed recovery. Tidal range in the upper reach can be doubled after the flood because of bed erosion and then decrease under normal discharge periods due to sediment accumulation. Over a relatively short term such as a month or a spring-neap tidal cycle, there exist good relationships between the tidal range, tidal amplification in the upper reach and the tidal range at the mouth, and between the hydraulic head over the upper and lower reaches. Such relationships are unclear if all data over the whole year are considered together, mainly because of the active morphological evolution.

Θηλυκά επαγγελματικά της αρχαίας ελληνικής: επιθηματοποίηση, παραγωγικότητα και γλωσσικές ιδεολογίες

This paper aims to examine the suffixation of feminine professional nouns in Ancient Greek and the productivity degree of their suffixes. To achieve this aim, it exploits data drawn from grammars (Οικονόμου 1971, van Emde Boas et al. 2019), reverse lexicons (Kretschmer & Locker [1944] 1977, Buck & Petersen [1945] 1984) and the LSJ lexicon. The research results show that the majority of these nouns were formed with feminine suffixes, whilst only a small number was using the masculine form. This tendency is discussed diachronically (from Ancient to Modern Greek) considering the effects of morphological changes and language ideologies.

Optimization of gamma ray irradiation dose on strawberry plantlets

As a commodity that is cultivated vegetatively, strawberries have a relatively low genetic diversity. One effort to increase the diversity of strawberries and genetic quality improvement can be made by using gamma-ray radiation. In vitro explant of strawberry cv Early Bright were radiated with Gamma-ray P3TIR BATAN facility. Starting with a radiosensitivity test to find out Lethal Dose (LD) 50 with dosage level; 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 Gy. LD50 observations were carried out to get the optimal dose. The treatment of several doses of gamma-ray radiation showed varied results, with the percentage of explants living decrease by increasing the dose of irradiation. Irradiation dose until 10 Gy did not affect the survival rate of explant—the treatment dose of 80 Gy and above causes 100% mortality on the final observation. The dose of 60 Gy had a significant effect on shoot growth, as indicated by curly leaves' growth. The next optimal dose recommended for radiation is set at 20 and 30 Gy to anticipate genetic changes that are not morphologically expressed and to avoid the negative effects of morphological changes.

Study on the effect of morphological changes of bridge piers on water movement properties

Abstract The different shapes of bridge piers across rivers have a great influence on the river water movement, and the study of the influence of pier morphology changes on the water movement characteristics is of great value for bridge design and river flooding. The hydrodynamic model can effectively simulate and predict the changes of river flow patterns, which can provide scientific data support for river management. This paper constructs a hydrodynamic model based on MIKE21 and applies it to the numerical simulation of river hydrodynamics in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, taking elliptical piers as an example, and simulates the effect of the change of pier morphology on the flow velocity, water level and flow field of the river. The results show that the effect of elliptical pier morphology on the flow characteristics of the river channel is significant; under the same flow rate, the congestion value of the pier at the maximum axis ratio is 1.65 times the minimum axis ratio, and the larger the axis ratio, the more serious the congestion; the difference in flow velocity at the maximum axis ratio can reach 2.33 times the minimum axis ratio.

Low temperature structure tunability of zinc oxide nanostructures using milk protein casein

Spherical, flower and rod-like zinc oxide nanostructures have been successfully biosynthesized at 70 °C in the presence of milk protein casein through a simple precipitation method. The concentration of casein in an alkaline medium determines the structure of zinc oxide. The chemical synthesis of highly crystalline zinc oxide nanostructures is accomplished at relatively low processing temperature using casein. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the phase purity and crystalline nature of zinc oxide nanostructures. Morphological changes in the samples were identified through electron microscopic images. Casein linkage with the ZnO nanostructures was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy. The role of casein on the morphological features has been explained on the basis of its self-assembling nature, copolymerization, and secondary structure formation. The effects of morphological change in the optical properties are studied using a UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results indicate that casein is a good mediator for the morphology-controlled growth of nanostructures at moderately low temperatures.

Effects of morphological changes in the esophageal mucosa in gastroesophageal reflux disease on the indicators of the antioxidant system in students with autoimmune thyroiditis

Objective — to establish changes in indicators of the antioxidant defence system, taking into account the morphological form of the esophageal mucosa lesions in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), occurring against the background of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT).&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study involved 120 students with GERD and AIT, aged 18 to 25 years; from them 93 (77.5 %) females and 27 (22.5 %) males. The disease duration did nit exceed 3 years. Fibrogastroduodenoscopic examination has shown an erosive form of gastroesophageal reflux disease in 34 patients (28.3 %) and non‑erosive form of the disease was in 86 cases (71.7 %). Indicators of the total antioxidant activity of glutathione peroxidase and mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase were examined.&#x0D; Results. A decrease in the total indicator of the total antioxidant activity was established, which was estimated as the failure of the first phase of the antioxidant defence system. At the same time, an increase in the activity of manganese superoxide dismutase and a decrease in the production of glutathione peroxidase were noted. The levels of total antioxidant activity and glutathione peroxidase correlated with morphological changes in the esophageal mucosa: the presence of the erosive form of the disease had a greater impact on the changes in these parameters.&#x0D; Conclusions. The combined course of gastroesophageal reflux disease and autoimmune thyroiditis in students was accompanied by a decrease in the indicators of total antioxidant activity and glutathione peroxidase and an increase in the activity of manganese superoxide dismutase. The presence of erosions in the esophageal mucosa had a greater impact on the changes in the parameters of total antioxidant activity and glutathione peroxidase.&#x0D;

Identification of tissue sections from decellularized liver scaffolds for repopulation experiments

BackgroundBiological organ engineering is a novel experimental approach to generate functional liver grafts by decellularization and repopulation. Currently, healthy organs of small or large animals and human organs with preexisting liver diseases are used to optimize decellularization and repopulation.However, the effects of morphological changes on allo- and xenogeneic cell-scaffold interactions during repopulation procedure, e.g., using scaffold-sections, are unknown. We present a sequential morphological workflow to identify murine liver scaffold-sections with well-preserved microarchitecture. MethodsNative livers (CONT, n = 9) and livers with experimentally induced pathologies (hepatics steatosis: STEA, n = 7; hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation: BDL, n = 9; nodular regenerative hyperplasia induced by 90% partial hepatectomy: PH, n = 8) were decellularized using SDS and Triton X-100 to generate cell-free scaffolds. Scaffold-sections were assessed using a sequential morphological workflow consisting of macroscopic, microscopic and morphological evaluation: (1) The scaffold was evaluated by a macroscopic decellularization score. (2) Regions without visible tissue remnants were localized for sampling and histological processing. Subsequent microscopical examination served to identify tissue samples without cell remnants. (3) Only cell-free tissue sections were subjected to detailed liver-specific morphological assessment using a histological and immunohistochemical decellularization score. ResultsDecellularization was feasible in 33 livers, which were subjected to the sequential morphological workflow. In 11 of 33 scaffolds we achieved a good macroscopic decellularization result (CONT: 3 scaffolds; STEA: 3 scaffolds; BDL: 3 scaffolds; PH: 2 scaffolds). The microscopic assessment resulted in the selection of 88 cell-free tissue sections (CONT: 15 sections; STEA: 38 sections; BDL: 30 sections; PH: 5 sections). In 27 of those sections we obtained a good histological decellularization result (CONT: 3 sections; STEA: 6 sections; BDL: 17 sections; PH: 1 section). All experimental groups contained sections with a good immunohistochemical decellularization result (CONT: 6 sections; STEA: 5 sections; BDL: 4 sections; PH: 1 section). DiscussionDecellularization was possible in all experimental groups, irrespectively of the underlying morphological alteration. Furthermore, our proposed sequential morphological workflow was suitable to detect tissue sections with well-preserved hepatic microarchitecture, as needed for further repopulation experiments.

Сhronic gastritis: impaired motor-evacuation function of the stomach

The effect of morphological changes in the gastric mucosa on the motor-evacuation function of the stomach was evaluated in 90 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and 93 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis aged 18 to 82 years. Motor function disturbances were discovered of 90% of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and 80,6% with chronic non-atrophic gastritis. It was established that the pyloric insufficiency compared with its spasm was significantly more (p0,01) often in chronic atrophic gastritis. Insufficiency of the lower esophageal sphincter in patients with atrophic gastritis was significantly (p0,01). Insufficiency of the lower esophageal sphincter in combination with duodenogastric reflux in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis was significantly more (p0,01) often observed during diffuse atrophy, i. e. when mucous membrane of stomach corpus and antrum is involved in the process. With the localization of atrophy in the antrum alone, pyloric insufficiency was observed significantly more (p 0,01) often than spasm. Thus, an interrelation between the insufficiency of the lower esophageal and pyloric sphincters with the diffuse atrophic process has been established. There are no significant differences of disorders of gastric motor function in patients with different types of chronic gastritis. Accelerated evacuation from the stomach with localization of atrophy in the mucous membrane of the stomach corpus is more (p 0,01) often observed in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis.