Effect Of Moisture Regimes Research Articles

Effect of Irrigation Scheduling and Different Sowing Dates on Water Productivity and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“Effect of moisture regime under different sowing dates of wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)” was investigated at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya (U.P.) Agronomy Research Farm in rabi season 2021-22. Twelve main plot treatments included 15th November, 25th November, and 5th December sowing dates, while four sub plot treatments included irrigation at 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 IW/CPE ratios. Split plot design was used for three replications. Under 15th November sowing, all growth, yield, and characteristics rose dramatically. Irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio increased wheat shoot m-2, plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g m-2), yield characteristics, grain and straw yield (q ha-1) considerably. D113 (15 November planting with irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio) had the best net return and D1I2 (15 November sowing with irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE proportion) the highest B:C ratio (2.54). Wheat yields were highest when sown on November 15. Under 15th November planting, water use efficiency was highest (9.85 kg ha-1mm-1). Irrigation with 1.0 IW/CPE ratio had the maximum water usage efficiency (9.34 kg ha-1 mm-1). The 15 November seeding with irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio yielded the highest net return (1,17,124.00), making wheat farming profitable. Maximum B:C ratio (2.54) with I1D2 therapy.

Effect of Moisture Regimes and Weed Management Practices on Growth Indices under Drum Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Afield experiment was conducted during Kharif season 2021 and 2022 at Agronomy research farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya Uttar Pradesh, (India). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with thrice replications taking three moisture regime viz., 6 cm at 1 DADPW (Days after disappearance of ponded water); 6 cm at 4 DADPW (Days after disappearance of ponded water); 6 cm at 7 DADPW (Days after disappearance of ponded water)in main plot, and four weed management practices viz., control; Organic Mulch (Rice Straw @5t ha-1);Herbicide (Bispyribac sodium (10%) @ 200 ml ha-1 post Emergence) and two hand weeding at 25 and 45 DAS in sub plot. Results revealed that significantly higher crop growth rate, relative growth rate, absolute growth rate, net assimilation rate and grain yield was recorded in 6 cm at 4 DADPW (Days after disappearance of ponded water) during both the years of investigation. Among the weed management practices, higher value recorded with sequential two hand weeding at 25 and 45 days after sowing.

Effect of Moisture Regimes and Gypsum Levels on Growth and Yield of Rabi Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)

A Field experiment was conducted in groundnut at Krishi vignan Kendra, Palem, Nagarkurnool district, Telangana state, India during rabi 2021 to study the influence of three moisture regimes viz 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 IW/CPE ratios and five gypsum levels viz G0- Control, G1- 300 kg ha-1, G2- 400 kg ha-1, G3- 500 kg ha-1 and G4- 600 kg ha-1 and was replicated thrice. Experiment was laid out in split plot design. Among different moisture regimes and gypsum levels, significantly higher values of plant height (26.2 cm) at 90 DAS, drymatter production (1803.4 and 3262.3 kg ha-1) at 90 DAS and at harvest were recorded with I3 (1.0 IW/CPE) and with G4- gypsum @ 600 kg ha-1 (plant height- 27.4 cm) at 90 DAS, drymatter production (2092.7 and 4327.9 kg ha-1) at 90 DAS and at harvest. Similarly yield attributes- number of filled pods plant-1- (60) and shelling percentage- (67.1%) and yield- pod and halum yield- (1977.4, 3253.4 kg ha-1 respectively) was also significantly higher with I3 (1.0 IW/CPE), whereas unfilled pods plant-1 was higher (6.1) with I1 (0.6 IW/CPE). 100-kernel weight found to be non-significant. Among gypsum levels highest yield and yield attributes was recorded with G4 i.e., gypsum @ 600 kg ha-1. The interaction effect also found to be significant with respect to drymatter production, filled and unfilled Pods plant-1.

​Effect of Moisture Regimes, FYM and Levels of Phosphorus Carriers on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield by Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Background: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ranks fourth in terms of worldwide production. The states of Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar and Gujarat accounted for more than 80 per cent share in total production; India ranks second, next to China in global production of potato. Potato crop is extremely sensitive to the deficit or surplus moisture and requires an optimum amount of irrigation at frequent intervals for its proper growth. Phosphorus (P) is an element that is potatoes require in large amounts following Nitrogen and Potassium, P application rates influence on the P efficiency for tuber yield and P uptake. Methods: In field study, total 36 treatment combinations consisting of three moisture regimes as main plot treatment and 12 combinations of two levels of FYM, three levels of P, carriers as sub-plot treatments evaluated in split plot design with three replications using potato variety Kufri pukhraj as test crop. Result: Among different moisture regimes tested, the treatment receiving maintenance of moisture between 100 and 75 per cent availability at 0-30 cm soil depth (W1) gave significantly higher plant height (52.24 cm), number of tubers per plant (6.74), total tuber yield (335.74 q/ha) and haulm yield (16.64 q/ha) during pooled results. Combinations of FYM and levels of P carriers tested, the treatment combinations FYM and application of P @ 180 kg P2O5/ha in the form of MAP(P3S1M1) showed significantly higher plant height (50.04 cm), tuber per plant (6.87), total tuber yield (323.98 q/ha) and haulm yield (17.16 q/ha) gave during pooled results.

Effect of Moisture Regimes on Water use Efficiency of Rabi / Summer Groundnut Genotypes in Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka

Background: During rabi / summer irrigation water is a scarce resource, but crop needs more water due to non-rainy season and warmer climate. Hence, a field experiment was conducted during rabi / summer season of 2016-17 to study the effect of irrigation water regimes on water use efficiency (WUE) of groundnut genotypes in Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka. Methods: This field study comprised of four main plots as water regimes viz. I1: (control) seven irrigations at 15 days interval from sowing to 105 DAS, I2: Stress at pegging stage; withdrawal of one irrigation between 45 - 60 DAS, I3: Stress at pegging and pod filling stage; withdrawal of two irrigations between 45-75 DAS, I4: Stress at pegging, pod filling and kernel development stage; withdrawal of four irrigations from 45-105 DAS and four genotypes as sub plots viz. G1: Dh-86, G2: Dh-101, G3: K-9 and G4: G2-52. Treatments were replicated thrice and laid out in split plot design. Result: Among the water regime, I2 recorded significantly higher WUE (6.2 kg ha-1 mm-1) followed by I1 (control; 5.5 kg ha-1 mm-1). Water regime I2 also recorded significantly higher pod yield and haulm yield (2,857 kg ha-1 4,648 kg ha-1, respectively) along with other yield attributes, but was found at par with control (I1). This study showed that WUE as well as yield of rabi / summer groundnut can be enhanced if crop was exposed only to mild stress by skipping an irrigation at pegging stage out of total seven irrigations. Among the genotypes, Dh-86 with 2,375 kg ha-1 of pod yield performed significantly better over others like Dh-101 (2,215 kg ha-1), K-9 (2,048 kg ha-1) and G2-52 (1,880kg ha-1) suggesting differential response to moisture stress, thus choice of moisture stress tolerant genotypes is equally important to enhance WUE. Interaction between irrigation regime and genotypes showed that Dh-86 (G1) with I2 irrigation regime recorded significantly higher WUE (6.9 kg ha-1 mm-1), pod yield (3,168 kg ha-1) and net return (Rs. 95,655 ha-1) and was found at par with full irrigation regime (I1).

Effect of moisture regimes and sowing methods on yield, economics and nutrient uptake by grain and straw of timely and late sown cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The field experiment was conduct, at Agronomy Research farm, Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, (U.P.) during Rabi season of two combined year of 2017-18 and 2018-19 with an objective of to find out the suitable wheat two cultivars with moisture regime and different sowing method system. Eighteen treatment combination consisted of two wheat variety (PBW-343 and HUW-234) and three moisture regimes (irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE, 1.0 IW/CPE ratio and irrigation at CRI late jointing and flowering stage allotted in main plots and three sowing methods system (Broad casting, seed drill and FRIB) in sub-plots. The experiment was conducted in split plot design (SPD) with 3 replication on silty loam soil having low organic carbon (0.33% and 0.32%) and available nitrogen (137.60 kg ha-1 and 136.82 kg ha-1) medium in phosphorus (15.20 kg ha-1 and 14.70 kg ha-1) and available potassium (249.30 kg ha-1 and 248.32 kg ha-1) and soil pH is high (8.30 and 8.20). The crop was show on November 25 in the first and second both years, respectively using a seed rate of 125 kg ha-1 with row sowing of 22.5 (cm) apart. The crop was harvest on April 17 and April 19 during 2018 and 2019 respectively. The biological yield with harvest index were found significantly high with variety PBW-343along with moisture regime 1.0 IW/CPE and wheat sown by FIRB (Furrow irrigation raised bed) method over rest of the treatments during both year. The highest gross income (₹ 125203.80 and 134785.75 ha-1), net return (₹ 91728.80 and 98485.75 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio (2.74 and 2.71 ₹-1 invested) was obtained with the PBW-343 and Irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio along with furrow irrigated raised bed method during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively.

Effect of moisture regimes and sowing dates on wheat physiological process and yield attributes under rain-fed ecosystem in Eastern Indo Gangetic Plain

Drought stress severely limits wheat production worldwide. Availability of moisture for crop during critical growth stages is one of the important factors that determine grain yield. An experiment was conducted with five wheat genotypes (HD 2987, K 7903, HI 1563, HD 2824 and HD 2967) and dates of sowing (15th and 30th November) and 2 moisture regimes (one irrigation at crown root initiation stage and completely rainfed) during rabi (dry) seasons of 2014–2015 and 2015–2016, in order to determine their potential in terms of physiological parameters viz., relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), chlorophyll content, proline content, gas exchange parameters and yield attributes. Study revealed that the physiological traits viz., RWC, MSI and total chlorophyll content declined, while moisture-deficit stress indicator level (proline level) increased under rainfed condition across the wheat genotypes, at both the developmental stages (anthesis and A + 20 days). At both stages, genotypes HI 1563 followed by HD 2987 were able to maintain high RWC (69.5 and 65.1%; 68.7 and 65%), MSI (75.2 and 64.5%; 63.1 and 57.7%), chlorophyll content (4.7 and 2.6 mg g−1 D.W.; 3.3 and 2.13 mg g−1 D.W), respectively as compared to other genotypes. High RWC, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate are important for maintaining physiological efficiency under deficit moisture condition to harness optimum yield. Further, high RWC led to more osmotic regulation or less elasticity of tissue cell wall. Moreover, growth and yield attributes were significantly higher under one irrigation as compared to complete rainfed condition. Wheat variety ‘HD 2967’ produced significantly higher number of grains ear−1(44.75). The test weight ranged from 33.2 g in K 7903 to 35.6 g in HD 2824. Wheat sown on 15th November produced higher grain yield (2.9 t ha−1) as compared to 30th November sowing (2.7 t ha−1), but the difference was not significant. One irrigation at CRI stage produced significantly higher grain yield (3.26 and 3.18 t ha−1) as compared to no irrigation (2.52 and 2.30 t ha−1).

Effect of Moisture Regimes and Amendments on Iron Transformation in Acid Soils

Effect of Moisture Regimes and Amendments on Iron Transformation in Acid Soils

Study of Growth and Physiological Characters in Stay-green QTL Introgression Sorghum bicolor (L.) Lines under Post-flowering Drought Stress

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth, physiological and yield traits of stay-green (Stg) QTL introgression sorghum lines, which were developed by the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research in collaboration with ICRISAT between 2006 and 2008, under induced post-flowering drought stress. It involved a total of 12 genotypes including seven Stg QTL introgression lines, two Stg donor parents and three senescent recurrent parents. It was organized in a split plot design with three replications under well-watered and induced drought stress growing conditions at Melka Werer, Ethiopia during the post-rainy season of 2014. Analysis of variance revealed that the effect of moisture regimes on all measured traits was significant (P < 0.05). Differences among the genotypes and genotypeby-water regime interaction were also significant (P < 0.05) for all the traits considered. Post-flowering drought stress was observed to significantly reduce most of the growth, physiological and yield related traits. The Stg introgression lines Meko/B35-selection 120, Teshale/ B35-selection 2 and Teshale/E36-1 showed better drought stress tolerance properties than the rest of the genotypes based on the measured growth and physiological traits. These introgression lines also showed better grain yield than their recurrent parents under post-flowering drought stress and can be used as new versions of the existing varieties (served as recurrent parents) and for future breeding programs. Furthermore, leaf chlorophyll content, assimilation rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, root length and root dry weight were found to have strong correlation and can be used to screen genotypes for post-flowering drought tolerance.

Effect of moisture regimes and pesticides of different biodegradability on transformation of different forms of inorganic and organic N in a dominant soil series of West Bengal

A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of pesticides of different biodegradability on changes in inorganic and organic forms of N in soil maintained under two different moisture regimes. Results revealed that irrespective of pesticides and N treatment, comparatively higher amount of available N is recorded in waterlogged then the soil kept at 60% MHC. Addition of pesticides at lower dose affects the transformation process of organic N in soil. Irrespective of pesticide treatment, in general, hydrolysable NH4 + -N decreased but on the other hand amino acid N increased in soil. Again, the intensity of decrease or increase is more in waterlogged than the soil maintained under 60% of the MHC.

Temperature Sensitivity and Soil Organic Carbon Pools Decomposition under Different Moisture Regimes: Effect on Total Microbial and Enzymatic Activity

The soils of the world store significantly more carbon than present in the atmosphere. However, there is still no consensus regarding the effects of climate change, i.e. increase in temperature on global soil carbon stocks. An incubation experiment was conducted under a temperature range (5–45°C) and moisture conditions, i.e. U1–U5 (20–100% water‐holding capacity) with the objective to investigate temperature sensitivity of labile and recalcitrant organic carbon pools, total microbial activity, and soil extracellular enzymes, i.e. phenol oxidase and catalase activity in an Ultisol soil. The maximum increase in the labile organic carbon pool, i.e. water soluble organic carbon (3.52‐fold), microbial biomass carbon (2.31‐fold), readily mineralizable carbon (6.16‐fold), permanganate oxidized organic carbon (2.81‐fold), and reducing sugar carbon (3.97‐fold) was observed at 35°C, whereas the effect at other temperatures was in the order 25 &gt; 45 &gt; 15 &gt; 5°C. The total organic carbon (TOC) tended to decrease with the increased temperature (from 5–35°C), therefore, maximum TOC (14.7 g kg−1) was observed at 5°C, and minimum (1.76 g kg−1) at 45°C. Conversely, the highest increase (6.48‐fold) in the recalcitrant organic carbon pool was noticed at 45°C, and the impact of other temperatures was in the order 35 &gt; 25 &gt; 15 &gt; 5°C. The maximum increase in the total microbial activity (13.68‐fold) and soil enzymes, phenol oxidase and catalase (3.94 and 3.98‐fold, respectively) activity was observed at 35°C, while the influence of other temperature ranges was in the order 25 &gt; 45 &gt; 15 &gt; 5°C. The effect of moisture regimes on the temperature sensitivity of organic carbon pools, total microbial and enzymatic activity was in the order U3 &gt; U4 &gt; U2 &gt; U1 &gt; U5.

Effect of the regional moisture regime of Verkhoyansk Range on its flora

The effect of the moisture regime on the flora diversity of the Verkhoyansk Range (VR) in Yakutia is discussed. The regularities of the shifts in ecomorph structure are analyzed in regard to the altitudinal belting and vertical zonality of the studied mountain ecosystem.

Effect of moisture regime on the redistribution of heavy metals in paddy soil

Sequential extraction procedure was applied to assess the dynamics of solid-phase transformation of added Cu, Pb, Cd, and Hg in a typical Chinese paddy soil incubated under three moisture regimes (75% field capacity, wetting-drying cycle, and flooding). The heavy metals spiked in the soil were time-dependently transferred from the easily extractable fraction (the exchangeable fraction) into less labile fractions (Fe-Mn oxide- and organic matter-bound fractions), and thus reduced lability of the metals. No significant changes were found for the carbonate-bound and residual fractions of the heavy metals in the soil during the whole incubation. Change rate of the mobility factor (MF), a proportion of weakly bound fractions (exchangeable and carbonate-bound) in the total metal of soil, reflected the transformation rate of metal speciation from the labile fractions toward stable fractions. It was found that soil moisture regime did not change the direction and pathways of transformation of metal speciation, but it significantly affected the transformation rate. In general, the paddy soil under flooding regime had higher metal reactivity compared with 75% field capacity and wetting-drying cycle regimes, resulting in the more complete movement of metals toward stable fractions. This might be related to the increased pH, precipitation of the metals with sulfides and higher concentration of amorphous Fe oxides under submerged condition.

Soil moisture conditions affect the sensitivity ofBromus catharticusdormant seeds to light and the emergence pattern of seedlings

AbstractThe soil moisture regime may affect dormancy of seeds and their sensitivity to signals that promote germination. We studied the effect of moisture regime on the sensitivity to light of dormantBromus catharticusseeds, and on the emergence pattern of seedlings. Seeds were incubated under continuously hydrated, continuously dehydrated, or fluctuating moisture regimes in a controlled environment (25°C, darkness) for 2 months. After moisture treatments, seeds were exposed to red or far-red light pulses, or to darkness, to determine germinability. In addition, grassland mesocosms with intact seed bank and vegetation were irrigated or subjected to a drought regime in a glasshouse at summer temperatures. After 2 months, the temperature was reduced to correspond to grassland temperatures in autumn; the canopy was removed and half of the mesocosms were covered with filters that exclude red light. Density ofB. catharticusseedlings was evaluated after 2 weeks. Dormancy decreased in continuously hydrated seeds but they still required red light for germination. In contrast, an important fraction of seeds that experienced continuously dehydrated or fluctuating moisture regimes germinated in darkness or after far-red light pulses. In the mesocosms that had experienced a soil drought, a higher density of seedlings emerged in the absence of red light than in the daily irrigated mesocosms. This indicates that a fraction ofB. catharticusseeds acquired the capability to germinate under the canopy, especially in the drought moisture regime. Results indicate that the soil moisture environment experienced during dormancy affects the sensitivity to light ofB. catharticusseeds, as well as the emergence pattern of seedlings.

Effect of moisture regimes on combining ability variations of seedling traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Seedlings traits provide a reliable and rapid technique for evaluating large numbers of genotypes for abiotic stresses. Experiments on sunflower were carried out under two moisture regimes in controlled conditions to study their modifying effect on phenotypic expression and combining ability of seedling traits such as root length (RL), shoot length (SL), root weight (RW), shoot weight (SW), root-to-shoot ratio (R:S), lateral root number (NLR), lateral root density (LRD), wilting rate index and recovery percent (R%), and their genotypic correlation with achene yield. Variation among breeding lines for relative decrease in the seedling traits under the moisture stress regime indicated their differences in moisture sensitivity. Genetic variation for all seedling traits was low over environments, but high within environments. Moisture regimes modified phenotype, ranking among parents, and combining ability of seedling traits. Relative contribution of specific combining ability to total variation decreased under the moisture stress regime for all root-based traits, with a corresponding increase in general combining ability due to either female, male or both. The moisture stress regime was favourable for the expression of additive genetic variability. All seedling traits except SL showed significant correlation with achene yield, which also signified their importance for improving achene yield under drought regimes. From the breeding point of view, R% and RW were more useful traits for evaluating genotypes for drought tolerance. Key words: Sunflower, seedling traits, genetic variability, drought tolerance

The effect of moisture regimes on the anaerobic degradation of municipal solid waste from Metepec (México)

The State of México, situated in central México, has a population of about 14 million, distributed in approximately 125 counties. Solid waste management represents a serious and ongoing pressure to local authorities. The final disposal site ("El Socavón") does not comply with minimum environmental requirements as no liners or leachate management infrastructure are available. Consequently, leachate composition or the effects of rain water input on municipal solid waste degradation are largely unknown. The aim of this work was to monitor the anaerobic degradation of municipal solid waste (MSW), simulating the water addition due to rainfall, under two different moisture content regimes (70% and 80% humidity). The study was carried out using bioreactors in both laboratory and pilot scales. The variation of organic matter and pH was followed in the solid matrix of the MSW. The leachate produced was used to estimate the field capacity of the MSW and to determine the pH, COD, BOD and heavy metals. Some leachate parameters were found to be within permitted limits, but further research is needed in order to analyze the leachate from lower layers of the disposal site ("El Socavón").

Interaction of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines and Heterodera glycines in Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean

ABSTRACT Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean is caused by the soilborne Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines (synonym F. virguliforme). In a sequential approach, two multifactor factorial-design microplot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fungal infestation levels and soil moisture on both root necrosis and foliar SDS severity, and the interaction between F. solani f. sp. glycines and Heterodera glycines in fumigated versus nonfumigated soil. In 2003, soybean cv. Spencer was grown in nonfumigated or methyl bromide-fumigated soil and infested with increasing levels of F. solani f. sp. glycines, either under rainfall or irrigated after growth stage V6/R1. In 2004, interactions between F. solani f. sp. glycines and H. glycines were explored in a factorial inoculation design in fumigated or nonfumigated soil, planted to Williams 82 or Cyst-X20-18. In both years, higher levels of foliar SDS severity and root necrosis were found in F. solani f. sp. glycines-infested soils with H. glycines than in soils without the nematode on the soybean cultivars susceptible to both pathogens. Both natural infestations of H. glycines in 2003 and artificially amended populations of H. glycines in 2004 contributed to higher foliar SDS severity. More severe foliar SDS symptoms always were associated with more root necrosis, but elevated levels of root necrosis did not predict severe leaf symptoms. In contrast to the critical role of H. glycines, increasing fungal infestation levels had no significant effects on increasing either foliar SDS symptoms or root necrosis. Effects of moisture regime and fungal infestation levels also were examined in factorial greenhouse and growth chamber experiments. High soil moisture resulted in higher levels of SDS root necrosis. In the greenhouse, root necrosis increased at a higher rate in low soil moisture than the rate in high soil moisture. The two pathogens acted as a complex and the disease development was strongly dependent on high soil moisture.

Effects of Soil Compaction and Moisture Regime on the Root and Shoot Growth and Phosphorus Uptake of Barley Plants Growing on Soils with Varying Phosphorus Status

The effects of soil compaction state and level of water supply on plant growth and phosphorus (P) uptake were studied in a pot experiment with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Three soils (loamy, clay loam and silt texture) were used, each with three levels of plant available P in soil (low, medium and high P-AL). The soils were compacted to two levels, 75 and 90% of the standard degree of compactness attained with free drainage under a load of 200 kPa, and they were maintained at two levels of water supply (20 and 30% mass wetness). Total root length (RL) was 59% lower at the higher of the two compactness levels, mainly due to fewer roots with diameter <0.5 mm. However, both shoot growth and plant P uptake were reduced a lesser degree then RL. This means that 69% more shoot dry-matter (DM) per unit RL was produced in the compacted soil, and that the P uptake per unit RL was 75% higher in the more compacted soil. Thus, the plants must have compensated for reduced RL by increasing their uptake of water and nutrients per unit RL, although this did not fully compensate for the reduced RL. The effects of moisture regime on shoot growth varied between the different soils. On the clay loam soil, there was a significant yield increase with high water supply at alt three soil P-AL levels. The same was true on the loam soil at medium and high soil P-AL levels. On the silt soil, the high level of water supply increased yield by 62%, but only at the highest soil P-AL level. The plants grown on the silt soil at low and medium levels of plant available P showed marked symptoms of P deficiency throughout the growth period.

Effect of moisture regime and nitrogen on decomposition of combine harvested rice (Oryza sativa) residue and performance of succeeding wheat in rice-wheat system in Punjab

A field experiment was carried out at Ludhiana (30 54 N and 75 48 E) on loamy sand soil from 1992-93 to 1994-95, to study the effect of nitrogen and irrigation on the decomposition of combine harvested rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and consequently on stand establishment, growth and yield of suceeding wheat (Tritcum aestivum L. emend. Fiori &amp; Paol.). Application of extra nitrogen @ 40 kg/ha along with 1 irrigation at the time of incorporation of rice straw not only reduced the immobilization of available N but also resulted in quantum jump in . wheat yield. All the growth and yield attributes pf wheat, viz. emergence count, - plant height, effective tillers and graindear significantly improved with additional nitrogen and irrigation as compared to farmers practice of residue burning or residue incorporation, followed by conventional tillage with recommendedlnormal nitrogen and irrigation.

Effect of Moisture Regimes on Ion Sorption in Old Brahmaputra Floodplain Soil

Effect of Moisture Regimes on Ion Sorption in Old Brahmaputra Floodplain Soil