Effect Of Methyl Tert-butyl Ether Research Articles

Macro-microscopic changes in the kidneys of the rats affected by methyl tertiary butyl ether in different time of the research

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is a relatively new anthropogenic factor of environmental pollution. It is already known that it is an environmentally hazardous substance that has a toxic effect on the human body. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of MTBE on the structural organization of the kidneys of research animals. White outbred rats were involved into the research, which were treated with 500 mg/kg MTBE in an oil solution, which was administered intragastrically using a gastric catheter. Structural changes in the kidneys on the 3rd, 8th, 15th, 22nd and 60th day of the research were studied by means of light-optical and electron microscopy. The obtained material was processed statistically using the parametric Student's test and the nonparametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in accordance with the principles of variation statistics. During the runtime of the research, we have clearly defined the staging of changes in the structural organization of the kidney and the dependence of their severity on the duration of MTBE action. With short-term exposure (3, 8 and 15 day of the research), the weight of the kidneys and other organometric parameters do not differ from those in the control group. In the initial stages of MTBE action, we have observed reactive changes, which are clearly manifested in the structures of the filtration barrier (3rd day), and with an increase in the observation period (8th day) they spread to the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules. After 15 days of MTBE action, against the background of pronounced compensatory-adaptive events, we have noticed the development of dystrophic-destructive processes in the renal corpuscles and in the proximal tubules. There are structural signs of enhanced synthetic activity in the mesangial cells. On the 22nd day of the experiment, the morphometric index of the mass and linear dimensions of the kidneys increase in comparison with the control group. There are structural signs of atrophy and hypertrophy processes in the nephrons. There are progressive changes in the tubular apparatus of the kidneys in comparison with the previous period of the research. Long-term action of MTBE (60 days) causes further deepening of dystrophic and destructive changes in all parts of the nephron, which differ in intensity. It has been proved that MTBE has a negative effect on all structural components of the nephron, which leads to disorganization of the filtration and reabsorption of kidney apparatus and significant development of the connective tissue, which causes the development of sclerosis. Besides, it has been proved that MTBE has an apparent nephrotoxic effect and the degree of damage to the structural components of the kidney is determined by the duration of the body's contact with this toxic substance.

Effect of methyl tert-butyl ether on adipogenesis and glucose metabolism in vitro and in vivo

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), as a widely used gasoline additive, is suspected of being environmentally toxic. MTBE accumulates mainly in adipose tissue, but its effect on obesity or obesity-related metabolic disorders has not been well understood yet. Therefore, we examined the effect of MTBE on the adipose function and the related metabolic processes with both 3T3-L1 cell line and C57BL/6J mice model. We found that exposure to MTBE at the environmental relevant concentration (100 μmol/L) could significantly induce differentiation of preadipocyte and disturb insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of mature adipocyte. The in vivo observation in male mice showed a positive correlation of visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) expansion and cell size increase with MTBE treatment in 14 weeks. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests demonstrated that MTBE at 1000 μg/(kg·day) disturbed the systemic glucose metabolism in a gender-specific manner, which might be partly attributed to the alterations of gut microbiota community at genus level with respect to Akkermansia, Clostridium XlVb, and Megamonas. In summary, our study characterized the effect of MTBE on adipose tissue function and glucose homeostasis in vitro and in vivo, and revealed that systemic disorders of the glucose metabolism might be modulated by the related gut microbiota.

Effect of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) at in vitro conditions on antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev, 1870)

Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether(MTBE) increases oxygen consumption and reduces carbon monoxide and also air pollution. It is very active in soil, and its motility in water is a function of water movement in soil. MTBE is resistant to biodegradation, with high half-life and solubility in water and weak absorption in soil particles. The activities of SOD and CAT enzymes were examined in Rutilus caspicus in concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1 MTBE for 7, 14 and 21 days. The mean water temperature and oxygen were 191°C and 7.60.2 respectively and salinity was maintained zero. 156 R. caspicus were stocked in aquariums, 3 specimens were randomly selected from aquarium in the first, second and third weeks. Blood serum was separated to assay the SOD and CAT activities. A strong significant positive relationship was found between MTBE concentration and SOD as well as CAT: [r(108)=0.73, P < 0.01]. Elevated MTBE increased the activity of SOD and CAT. In addition, there was a mean significant positive relationship between exposure time and SOD: [r(108)=0.41, P < 0.01]. SOD activity increased over time, and there was a negative weak significant relationship between exposure time and CAT [r(108)=-0.20, P < 0.05]. CAT activity decreased by prolonged exposure time. Moreover, there was a mean positive significant relationship between SOD and CAT [r(108)=0.41, P < 0.01].

The invitro effect of Methyl tert-butyl ether on liver, gill and kidney tissues of Rutillus caspicus

This study was conducted to evaluate the tissue of liver, gills and kidney Rutillus caspicus exposed to concentrations of 50, 100, 150 mg of Methyl tert-butyl ether, for 7, 14, 21 days. Average water temperature of 19±1 °C, water oxygen of 7.6 ± 0.2 mg/l and zero salinity were measured. A total of 156 fishes were studied in this experiment. In the first, second and third week of the test, three fishes were taken randomly from each aquarium. To examine the tissue, liver, gill and kidney were isolated, and using standard histological techniques, related microscopic slides were prepared for evaluation. Tissue damage in the liver includes: blood congestion، congestion of sinusoid، melano macrophage aggregation ، hepatocyte hypertrophy , vacuolation,degeneration، and cellular necrosis. Gill tissue damage includes: : hyperplasia، degeneration ,، lifting، telangiectasis،in secondary lamellae,blood congestion in primary & secondary lamellae، S formation of lamellae، reduction in length of secondary lamellae، lamellar fusion and cellular necrosis. Tissue damage in the kidney includes: tubular shrinkage، blood congestion ، melano macrophage aggregation،glomerular shrinkage، cellular necrosis، tubular degeneration، reduction in interstsial cells and interstisial hematopoietic tissue degeneration. The amount of damage in high concentrations of pollutants was higher, while gill , liver and kidney in the control group was observed in the normal outline. The result of this study showed that MTBE can cause damage in vital tissues of Rutillus caspicus and even, eventually leads to death.

Biodegradation of fuel oxygenates and their effect on the expression of a newly identified cytochrome P450 gene in Achromobacter xylosoxidans MCM2/2/1

Achromobacter xylosoxidans MCM2/2/1 was enriched and isolated from gasoline-contaminated soil and was found to degrade ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by 41.48% and 34.15%, respectively, in 6 days. Furthermore, the effect of MTBE and TBA on the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) of A. xylosoxidans MCM2/2/1 was examined. The presence of the CYP gene in this organism was first confirmed by amplification of a putative 350bp CYP gene fragment followed by identification of the entire gene by genome walking and DNA-sequencing. The identified CYP gene of A. xylosoxidans MCM2/2/1 shares a high similarity of about 88% with the thcB gene of A. xylosoxidans A8. Gene expression studies have shown that the CYP gene is expressed in A. xylosoxidans MCM2/2/1; however, the expression of this gene was altered at different concentrations of MTBE.

A Laboratory Column Study on the Biodegradation of Toluene and Methyl tert–Butyl Ether: The Effect of Substrate Interactions

We investigated the effects of substrate interactions on the degradation of toluene and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by Pseudomonas putida during transport through quartz sand because of the coexistence of toluene and MTBE in aquifer systems. A laboratory test was conducted for a pulse injection of a toluene and/or MTBE solution with and without bacteria into a saturated sand column. We found that the effect of toluene on MTBE was negative because the mass recovery of MTBE increased by 30 % when toluene was added, whereas the effect of MTBE on toluene degradation was positive because the mass recovery of toluene decreased by 7 %. These results were comparable with those of a previous batch study on substrate interactions which reported that toluene can be more negative than MTBE at concentrations higher than 25 mg/L. This finding indicates that substrate interaction is also an important mechanism, controlling the fate of contaminants during transport through aquifer systems. In addition, bacteria-facilitated transport was also observed for both substrates. Therefore, for an efficient bioremediation scheme, care should be taken for substrate interaction as well as for bacteria-facilitated transport in porous media.

Substrate interactions between toluene and methyltert-butyl ether (MTBE) during microbial degradation by Pseudomonas putida

Pseudomonas putida is well known as a toluene-degrading bacterium. Because methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) often coexists with toluene in subsurface environment, in this study we investigated substrate interactions between toluene and MTBE, and their degradation potential in mixtures by Pseudomonas putida. Batch microcosm studies were conducted for a wide concentration range (25–200 mg L−1) to monitor bacterial growth associated with toluene and/or MTBE degradation using Pseudomonas putida previously adapted to toluene. We found that the effect of MTBE on toluene degradation was strongly concentration-dependent, and that concentrations of either toluene or MTBE as low as 25 mg L−1 can enhance degradation of other compound, but those concentrations higher than 25 mg L−1 tend to result in negative or no effect. The negative effect was more pronounced for toluene since MTBE degradation was inhibited at a concentration of 50 mg L−1 or higher toluene. This indicates that concentrations of cocontaminants become a limiting factor for bioremediation of groundwater. Therefore, for higher degradation efficiency, care should be taken in the selection of concentration ranges of toluene and MTBE. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011.

다양한 토양 환경에서 Methyl tert-Butyl Ether와 그의 대사산물이 노출되었을 때 미생물 군집에 미치는 영향: 논, 밭, 갯벌 시료 비교

Toxic effect of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) and formaldehyde (FA) on microbial activity and diversity was compared in rice field, leek patch, and tidal mud flat soil samples. MTBE, TBA and FA with different concentrations were added into microcosms containing these soil samples, and placed at room temperature for 30 days. Then the microbial activities such as dehydrogenase and viable cell numbers and microbial community using a DGGE (Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) fingerprinting method were measured. Among the samples, dehydrogenase activity in rice field was inhibited the most by MTBE, TBA and FA. The toxic effect was higher according to the following orders: FA > MTBE > TBA. Dominant species in the microcosms contaminated with MTBE, TBA and FA were Chloroflex, Bacilli, gamma-proteobacteria in the rice field sample, Sphingobacteria, Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacilli, gamma-proteobacteria in the leek patch sample, and Sphingobacteria, Flavobacteria, delta-proteobacteria, gamma-proteobacteria in the tidal mud flat sample.

Toxic effect of methyl tert-butyl ether on growth of soil isolate Pseudomonas veronii T1/1

The toxic and growth inhibiting effects of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) on the hydrocarbon-degrading Pseudomonas veronii T1/1 strain (isolated from gasoline contaminated soil) were studied. In our experiments, the MIC of MTBE was found to be 60 mM and the EC50 was 51.7 mM. In the concentration range 0–30 mM, MTBE did not significantly influence the growth parameters of this bacterium, but at concentrations over 30 mM MTBE exerted a significant growth inhibiting effect. In the presence of 70 mM MTBE, the specific growth rate dropped from 0.4731 to 0.1201 h−1, while the length of the lag period increased from 5.41 to 17.01 h and the yield coefficient declined from 0.2652 to 0.0718 g g−1. MTBE at 100 mM inhibited the growth of this strain completely. These findings may have important environmental implications, as high concentrations of MTBE could influence the efficiency of soil and groundwater bioremediation processes significantly.

Effect of methyl tert-butyl ether in standard tests for mutagenicity and environmental toxicity.

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is a synthetic compound that is used as a technological solution to problems created by air pollution from vehicle emissions. An important source of MTBE in the environment is leakage from underground storage tanks at gasoline stations or accidents during gasoline transport. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of MTBE leakage for the environment using the Microtox (Vibrio fischeri) toxicity test, Lactuca sativa seed germination test, and Ames bacterial mutagenicity test with Salmonella typhimurium his(-) strains TA98, TA100, YG1041, and YG1042, using both standard plate and preincubation protocols. The result of Microtox expressed as EC(50) was 33 mg (MTBE)/L. The effect of all tested MTBE concentration (0.05, 0.50, and 1.00% v/v) on Lactuca sativa roots elongation was negative and proved its toxicity. The highest tested concentration of MTBE that could be tested in Ames test was 3 mg (MTBE)/plate, because of cytotoxicity. No mutagenic response was observed at this or lower concentrations in any of the four strains used.

Biological Activity of Methyl tert-butyl Ether in Relation to Soil Microorganisms has a Negative Environmental Impact

Fuel oxygenates are added to gasoline to enhance combustion efficiency of automobiles and reduce air pollution. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is the most commonly used oxygenate because of its low cost, high-octane level and ease of blending with gasoline. However, due to its water solubility, high mobility and low biodegradability it leaches in soil subsurface at the speed of groundwater. Amending gasoline with MTBE has made a widespread contamination of groundwater, surface waters in coastal environments and at low levels in well water. Although current public concern about MTBE contamination is widely discussed, but its adverse effects on soil micro flora is not yet understood. Soil Streptomycetes are beneficial to soil productivity and are of the major contributors to the biological buffering of soils having antagonistic activity against wide spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Streptomyceticidal activity of Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is being reported here. Adverse effect of MTBE against four soil-inhabitant Streptomyces spp. isolates and two plant root-pathogens was investigated. To elucidate antimicrobial activity of MTBE, it was tested against four soil isolates of Streptomyces; a plant bacterial-pathogen, Erwinia carotovora and a plant root fungal-pathogen, Fusarium solani. MTBE did not reveal any growth inhibitory-activity against E. carotovora and F. solani but showed strong inhibitory effect against Streptomyces spp. isolates. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was 1/800 of the original MTBE. Fuel leaks and spills can adversely suppress or eliminate the Streptomyces role in the soil causing alteration in the balance of soil micro flora. This change will lead to domination of microorganisms with adverse biological or ecological effects. Fortunately, major oil companies have decided to phase out MTBE from automobile fuels because of its adverse effect on environment and human health.

Potential Ecotoxicological Implication of Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) Spills in the Environment

Streptomyceticidal activity of Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) elucidated for the first time. Adverse effect of MTBE, the gasoline additive, against 11 soil inhabitant Streptomyces spp. isolates was investigated. MTBE, an octane enhancer is added to gasoline to reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon monoxide and ozone. It contaminates soil and groundwater by fuel leaks and spills. Streptomyces spp. are of the major contributors to the biological buffering of soils by exerting beneficial and antagonistic activity against wide range of bacteria and fungi. To evaluate anti-streptomycetidal activity of MTBE, it was tested against 11 soil isolates of Streptomyces isolates and also a plant-root bacterial pathogen, Erwinia carotovora and a plant-root fungal pathogen, Fusarium solani. MTBE did not reveal any growth inhibitory activity against E. carotovora and F. solani, but showed strong inhibitory effect against Streptomyces isolates. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) on Streptomyces isolates was 1/800 of the original MTBE. Fuel leaks and spills have the potential to suppress or eliminate the Streptomyces role in the soil causing alteration in the balance of soil micro flora. This change can promote the domination of microorganisms with adverse biological or ecotoxicological effects.

Response to Comment on “Effect of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether on the Bioconcentration and Photoinduced Toxicity of Fluoranthene in Fathead Minnow Larvae (Pimephales promelas)”

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrespondence/Rebut...Correspondence/RebuttalNEXTResponse to Comment on “Effect of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether on the Bioconcentration and Photoinduced Toxicity of Fluoranthene in Fathead Minnow Larvae (Pimephalespromelas)”Eun-Ah Cho, James T. Oris, and A. John BailerView Author Information Department of Zoology Center for Environmental Toxicology and Statistics Miami University Oxford, Ohio 45056 Department of Mathematics & Statistics Center for Environmental Toxicology and Statistics Miami University Oxford, Ohio 45056Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 19, 4524–4525Publication Date (Web):August 22, 2003Publication History Published online22 August 2003Published inissue 1 October 2003https://doi.org/10.1021/es030491yCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (24 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Dissolved organic matter,Free radicals,Quantum efficiency,Radiation,Toxicity Get e-Alerts

Liquid-gas partitioning of the gasoline oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) under laboratory conditions and its effect on growth of selected algae.

The partitioning of the widely used gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) between liquid growth media and gaseous phase was measured daily under laboratory conditions to determine how closely dissolved MTBE concentrations matched nominal concentrations. Total (gaseous and dissolved) MTBE averaged across 6 days for 29.6, 503.2, and 1005.7 mg L-1 MTBE treatments were 89.9, 90.3, and 73.0% of nominal, respectively, and mean dissolved MTBE in these same treatments were 74.6, 73.8, and 69.6% of total MTBE, respectively. This suggests that dissolved MTBE concentrations can vary substantially from nominal. The effect of MTBE on the growth of selected algae was also evaluated under laboratory conditions. Three unicellular algae, Selenastrum capricornutum (Chlorophyta), Navicula pelliculosa (Bacillariophyta), and Synechococcus leopoliensis (= Anacystic nidulans, Cyanophyta = Cyanobacteria), representative of three taxonomic groups, were used as test organisms. Toxicity tests were acute and increase in cell number was used as an indicator of growth. Algal species were exposed by injection of MTBE into sealed vessels containing defined liquid growth media. The growth of N. pelliculosa and S. leopoliensis was negatively affected at nominal 2400 mg L-1 MTBE, whereas the growth of S. capricornutum was negatively affected at nominal 4800 mg L-1 MTBE and positively affected at nominal 600 mg L-1 MTBE. The differential sensitivity of the growth of these representative species suggests that MTBE may alter algal community composition in the natural environment.

Systemic and local toxicity in the rat of methyl tert-butyl ether: A gallstone dissolution agent

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is an organic solvent that has been used to dissolve gallstones via a percutaneous transhepatic catheter into the gallbladder. To test whether MTBE might cause serious tissue injury if accidentally infused outside the gallbladder, the effect of MTBE (0.2 ml/kg) injected into the hepatic parenchyma, or administered intravenously or intraperitoneally, was examined in the rat. The toxicity of isopropyl acetate (IPA), an organic solvent with a similar chemical structure, was examined similarly. Intracaval injection of MTBE caused the highest mortality (100%). Mortality was less (59%) after intrahepatic injection and still less (17%) after peripheral vein injection. Most animals died instantaneously from cardiorespiratory arrest. Almost all animals that were injected with MTBE intrahepatically or intravenously showed localized areas of congestion, hemorrhage, and interstitial edema in the lungs. These changes were more severe in rats which survived for 24 hr than in those which died sooner. In those rats receiving intrahepatic injections, most rats which survived for 24 hr had liver necrosis at the site of injection. Intraperitoneal injection of MTBE produced 100% survival with only 1 5 rats showing a mild pulmonary injury at autopsy. IPA had toxic effects similar to those evoked by MTBE. To test whether tumor necrosis factor was involved in organ injury, serum levels were measured; they remained unchanged. These experiments indicate that two organic solvents, MTBE and IPA, are cytotoxic to local tissues and cause severe, and often fatal, lung damage when infused into a central vein. Less toxicity occurred if solvents were given into a peripheral or portal vein or intraperitoneally. Caution appears indicated if organic solvents such as these are used for contact dissolution of gallstones in patients.

Methyltert-butyl ether in the endoscopic treatment of common bile duct radiolucent stones in elderly patients with nasobiliary tube

Methyl tert-butyl ether is an effective dissolution agent for cholesterol stones. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of methyl tert-butyl ether on radiolucent common bile duct stones in patients in whom endoscopic extraction has failed. From September 1985 to September 1987, 1374 patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in our Liver Unit. An endoscopic sphincterotomy was indicated in 195 patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones because of an age over 65 years and/or surgical contraindications. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was efficient in 187 patients, allowing complete stone removal in association with conventional endoscopic methods and mechanical lithotripsy in 170 patients. Twelve of the 17 patients with failure of conventional endoscopic treatments were either older than 75 years (11 patients; mean age, 86 +/- 4.5 years) or exhibited a surgical contraindication. Stones completely obstructed CBD in six patients and had a diameter exceeding 25 mm in the six other patients. These subjects were selected for stone dissolution by methyl tert-butyl either (MTBE) according to the following protocol. MTBE was directly infused into CBD through a nasobiliary catheter, twice daily for 4-13 days (mean, seven days). Bile duct opacification, repeated after MTBE treatment, revealed the complete disappearance of CBD stones in one patient, a decrease in stone size in five patients and no change in the six other patients. MTBE treatment was well tolerated except in three patients who complained from transient abdominal pains and nausea. At the second attempt of endoscopic treatment, CBD stones were found to be softened and easily broken up, allowing a complete clearance in six patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether to Homogenize Immiscible Binary-Component Fuels of Three Types; Ethanol Mixed with Diesel Fuel, Soybean Oil, or Rape Oil.

Homogenization was observed for immiscible mixtures with a small addition of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Three ternary solubility curves were measured at 298.15K for mixtures of three types; MTBE-ethanol-diesel fuel, MTBE-ethanol-soybean oil, and MTBE-ethanol-rape oil.