Effect Of Isopropyl Alcohol Research Articles

Effect of isopropyl alcohol and poloxamer 407 on gelation temperature and critical quality attributes of thermo-reversible gel formulation

Effect of isopropyl alcohol and poloxamer 407 on gelation temperature and critical quality attributes of thermo-reversible gel formulation

Isolation and characterisation of nanofibrillated cellulose from N36 Ananas comosus leaves via ball milling with green solvent

The production of valuable materials from biomass into nanosized become the principal focus of the developing industries on achieving green-based composite product, designed for extensive range of applications. This study principally, focused on discovering green method for the utilisation of N36 Ananas comosus leaves fibre (PALF) to highly potential material. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were successfully isolated from PALF by ball milling with presence of isopropyl alcohol. The effect of isopropyl alcohol and the milling time on nano fibrillation were analysed through characterisation of NFCs including Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Zeta-potential (ZP), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and Particle size analysis (PSA). Comparatively, the 1:4─15 min NFC sample which milled for 15 mins with 1 mL of cellulose suspension and 4 mL of IPA, express desirable features in the concern of morphology, fibre size, yield, crystallinity, thermal stability, and homogeneity on disintegration of PALF fibre. High thermal degradation temperature of 323 ℃ and crystallinity index of 67%, reveal the potential on reinforcing to improve the composite's thermal stability and mechanical properties. Moreover, it exhibits excellent surface morphology, stability with low self-agglomeration, and uniformity in defibrillation with fibre diameter of 25.84 ± 8.30 nm, zeta-potential of − 32.31 ± 2.51 and PDI of 0.103. Besides, the high yield of NFC (>90%), increase the feasibility of NFC production. Hence, addition of IPA gives significant impact on defibrillation by disrupt the intermolecular hydrogen bond, so that less milling time is convenient on production of NFC without causes severe damage on other properties.

SIMULATION OF A TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME IN OBTAINING HEAT-INSULATING MATERIALS ON THE BASIS OF AIROGELS

The analysis of technologies for obtaining inorganic aerogels based on silicon dioxide as heat-insulating materials has been carried out. The description of the process of supercritical drying for obtaining highly efficient heat-insulating materials based on inorganic aerogels is given, the main technological parameters are given. The technological scheme of the main stage of obtaining aerogels is presented and described - the process of supercritical drying of an industrial plant located in LLC Niagara, Shchelkovo, in the development of which the authors took part (there is a patent). For this production, a mathematical model has been developed using the CHEMCAD software package, which makes it possible to build material and heat balances of both individual devices and the technological scheme as a whole. The technological scheme of the drying process in the environment of supercritical carbon dioxide includes the following devices: high-pressure autoclaves (70 l), compressor, separator, heat exchanger, refrigerant pump, and condenser. The article presents the basic equations for calculating the operation parameters of the above equipment (power, enthalpy, pressure, etc.), as well as the equations used in calculating economic costs (for raw materials, electricity, etc.). Calculations were carried out according to the equations of the model built in the CHEMCAD environment and the influence of various parameters on the energy and resource saving of the process was studied. The effect of isopropyl alcohol on the consumption of carbon dioxide was calculated. A dependence of the temperature after throttling the flow of supercritical carbon dioxide on the content of the solvent isopropyl alcohol in it is constructed, illustrating the possibility of reducing the amount of heat supplied at the initial stages of the drying process. Based on the data obtained, an analysis of the energy and economic costs of the supercritical drying process was carried out. On the basis of a mathematical model, an energy- and resource-efficient method of technological design of the supercritical drying process is determined. A decrease in the energy and economic costs of the technological scheme using heat after compression has been established.

Effect of isopropyl alcohol on the performance, combustion and emission Characteristics variable compression ratio engine using rubber seed oil blends

ABSTRACT Depleting petroleum-based liquid fuel reserves has driven researchers to find alternative fuels to meet vehicles and the industry’s energy demands. Methyl esters produced from vegetable oils are commonly used as fuel for compression ignition engines. The present work’s objective is to investigate the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of rubber seed oil methyl ester blends with and without isopropyl alcohol as an additive on a variable compression ratio engine. The blends B10, B20, and B30 and rubber seed oil were compared with diesel for the compression ratios of 12:1, 16:1, and 20:1. The same blends were experimented with by adding isopropyl alcohol 5% by volume. The brake thermal efficiency results, specific fuel consumption and emissions, indicated that B10 and B20 with additives have better results than diesel and rubber seed oil. The brake thermal efficiency of B10 with 5% isopropyl alcohol is 3.14% higher than diesel. The addition of isopropyl alcohol with rubber seed oil methyl ester has reduced the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and smoke emission to a maximum of 10.8%, 33%, and 32.2%, respectively. Averaged cylinder pressure, heat release rate under varying compression ratios have also conversed in this paper.

Comparison of the effect of isopropyl alcohol and chlorhexidine solution rinses on body temperature of female cats undergoing sterilization surgery.

Isopropyl alcohol 70% as a rinse agent for chlorhexidine scrub has been shown to decrease body temperature more quickly than chlorhexidine solution in mice prepared aseptically prior to surgery. For this reason, some high-quality, high-volume (HQHV) surgical sterilization clinics use chlorhexidine solution rather than alcohol. We sought to determine if temperature upon entry to recovery, heat loss per kg and rate of temperature decline during surgery were different between cats rinsed with chlorhexidine solution vs 70% isopropyl alcohol following surgical scrub, and if there were significant predictors of recovery temperature. Female cats admitted for surgery to trap-neuter-return (TNR) clinics at a veterinary college were assigned chlorhexidine solution or alcohol rinse agents via block randomization. Veterinary students and veterinarians performed spay surgeries using HQHV techniques. In recovery, heat support and reversal agents were available for cats with a low body temperature or that were slow to recover. Baseline values, outcome variables and duration of each stage (preparation, surgery, recovery) were assessed using Wilcoxon rank-sum and t-tests. Recovery temperature was evaluated using random effects multiple linear regression. The recovery temperature, heat loss per kg, heat loss per min, need for reversal and need for heat support in recovery were not significantly different between rinse groups. Weight <2.3 kg, body condition score <4, duration of surgery and postinduction temperature were predictors of recovery temperature. The rate of heat loss in the first 30 mins of surgery was slightly lower for cats in the alcohol rinse group and the recovery duration was shorter for cats weighing less <2.3 kg in the alcohol rinse group. There were no clinically meaningful differences in body temperature between chlorhexidine and alcohol rinses. Both chlorhexidine solution and isopropyl alcohol 70% are appropriate rinse agents for aseptic preparation of feline spay surgeries.

Влияние изопропилового спирта на поверхностно-активные свойства SAFOL 23

The effect of isopropyl alcohol on the surface-active characteristics of SAFOL 23 nonionic surfactants was explored. The surface tension isotherms of an aqueous surfactant solution and its water-alcohol compositions were obtained. Based on a series of tension isotherms of a number of surfactant – alcohol – water systems, the compositions of mixed micelles and the values of the surfactant interaction factor in the micelle were calculated. The dependence of the surface activity of a water-alcohol composition on its composition was found and studied. The dependence of surface activity on the ratio of surfactant has the following form: alcohol is not monotonic and passes through a maximum, which is associated with a change in the function of alcohol with an increase in its content and a transition from co-surfactant to co-solvent. A feature of the adsorption process of surfactant – alcohol systems on highly dispersed PTFE was studied, namely, the free surface energy of the polymer was calculated, and isotherms of the contact angle were constructed. The cloud point of the systems was calculated and the characteristic of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance was found. The introduction of alcohol changes the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of SAFOL 23, which allows it to be used as a solubilizer, emulsifier.

The Effect of Isopropyl Alcohol and Chlorhexidine Gluconate on the Blood Glucose in Diabetic Patients Referring to the Emergency Department

The Effect of Isopropyl Alcohol and Chlorhexidine Gluconate on the Blood Glucose in Diabetic Patients Referring to the Emergency Department

이소프로필 알코올을 외부탄소원으로 이용시 하수 처리에 미치는 영향

이소프로필 알코올을 외부탄소원으로 이용시 하수 처리에 미치는 영향

Effect of Isopropyl Alcohol on Autoxidation of S (IV) Catalyzed by Co2O3 in Alkaline Medium

Effect of Isopropyl Alcohol on Autoxidation of S (IV) Catalyzed by Co2O3 in Alkaline Medium

Electrochemical and electron paramagnetic resonance study of the mechanism of oxidation of 2,3,5,6-tetra-Me-pyrazine-di-N-oxide as a mediator of electrocatalytic oxidation of isopropyl alcohol at glassy carbon and single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes

The mechanism of oxidation of 2,3,5,6-tetra-Me-pyrazine-di-N-oxide (Pyr2) as a mediator of electrooxidation of isopropyl alcohol was studied by cyclic voltammetry at glassy carbon (GC) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) electrodes in 0.1M LiClO4 solutions in acetonitrile. The adsorption of Pyr2 at SWCNT electrode in 0.1M LiClO4 solution in acetonitrile was investigated by measurement of the dependence of the differential double layer capacitance of the electrode C on potential E. The effect of isopropyl alcohol on the shape of cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of Pyr2 and the intensity of EPR signal of its radical cation was investigated. The catalytic currents were recorded at the oxidation of Pyr2 at SWCNT and GC electrodes in the presence of isopropyl alcohol. The effect of acid and water (as a base) on the catalytic process was studied. The results were explained in terms of the E1C1E2C2 mechanism of two-stage electrode process characterized by catalytic current recorded at the second electrode stage. The overall two-electron catalytic oxidation of isopropyl alcohol in complex with the Pyr2 radical cation was assumed to occur. It was found that the use of SWCNT electrode instead of GC one increases the catalytic efficiency of i-PrOH oxidation by 17 times.

Silicon etching characteristics for tetramethylammonium hydroxide‐based solution with additives

In this reported work, the anisotropic etching properties of single-crystal silicon with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution are examined in detail. The variations in the Si etching rate and surface morphology at different etching temperatures and TMAH concentrations are evaluated. The effect of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) additive is also examined. As the TMAH concentration (10–25 wt%) decreased, the etching rate increased from 10 to 70 μm/h at temperatures between 70 and 90°C. On the other hand, the etched surface roughness became degraded as the hillock density and corner undercut ratio increased. The additive of IPA affected the morphology of the etched surface to be flat. In addition, the IPA additive improved the etched surface significantly by decreasing the hillock density on the surface.

High concentration of propanol does not significantly alter the triple helical structure of type I collagen

The effect of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and n-propyl alcohol (PA) on collagen, the main component of the various connective tissues in animals, was analyzed to explore the solvent-induced polarity stress. Collagen precipitates in the presence of IPA and PA at concentrations (>50 %, v/v). The properties of precipitated collagen, after re-dissolving them in acetic acid solution, was investigated to understand (i) whether collagen precipitates induced by IPA and PA is in native or denatured form and (ii) the role of alkyl chain (linear and branched) in the solvent on the precipitation of collagen. Results demonstrate that precipitated collagen in both PA and IPA not only retains its triple helical structure but also maintains its thermal stability, fibrillation, and fluorescence properties as that of native collagen. The results also demonstrate that the nature of alkyl chain in the solvent has minor influence on the structural characteristics of collagen during precipitation.

Experimental investigation of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) /diesel blends in a diesel engine for improved exhaust emissions

This study focuses on the effect of blending isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and diesel fuel with conventional diesel. The effect of isopropyl alcohol on a diesel engine was examined experimentally in a three-cylinder direct injection diesel engine running at a constant speed of 1500 rpm at different loads. 1% dodecanol was added into the mixture. From the results, it was seen that the CO, HC and smoke density emissions decreased, while NOx emissions and SFC increased with the increase in exhaust gas temperature. Ozet: Bu calisma dizel ile izopropil alkol-dizel yakit karisimlarinin (IPA) etkisi uzerinedir. Izopropil alkolun dizel motora etkisi, 3 silindirli direk enjeksiyonlu bir motorda 1500 rpm sabit devirde ve farkli yuklerde deneysel olarak incelenmistir. Karisima %1 dodekanol ilave edilmistir. Sonuc olarak artan egzoz gazi sicakligi ile NOx ve SFC artarken CO, HC ve is emisyonu yogunlugunun azaldigi gorulmustur.

Electrochemical and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of the Mechanism of Oxidation of Phenazine-di-N-oxide in the Presence of Isopropyl alcohol at Glassy Carbon and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes

The mechanism of oxidation of phenazine-di-N-oxide in the presence of isopropyl alcohol was studied by cyclic voltammetry at glassy carbon (GC) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) electrodes in 0.1M LiClO4 solutions in acetonitrile. The adsorption of phenazine-di-N-oxide at SWCNT electrode in 0.1M LiClO4 solution in acetonitrile was investigated by measurement of the dependence of the differential double layer capacitance of the electrode C on potential E. The effect of isopropyl alcohol on the shape of cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of phenazine-di-N-oxide and the intensity of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) signal of its radical cation was investigated. The catalytic currents were recorded at the oxidation of phenazine-di-N-oxide at SWCNT and GC electrodes in the presence of isopropyl alcohol. The results were explained in terms of the E1C1E2C2 mechanism of two-stage electrode process characterized by catalytic current recorded at the second electrode stage. The overall two-electron catalytic oxidation of isopropyl alcohol in complex with the phenazine-di-N-oxide radical cation was assumed to occur. It was shown that SWCNT electrodes can be used in the electrocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds in the presence of electrochemically generated phenazine-di-N-oxide radical cation.

J0610106 固体高分子型燃料電池の触媒有効面積の向上([J061-01]燃料電池・二次電池とマイクロ・ナノ現象(1))

In this study, the effect of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) on electrochemical area(ECA) was investigated in the case of adding IPA to electrode catalyst ink. IPA can decrease the formation of secondary aggregate and enhance the dispersion of ionomar into the secondary aggregate because IPA can reduce the surface tension of water. According to the results of experiments of this study, it was verified that ECA and maximum power density increased with IPA addition proportion. In additions, the method of cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement was also investigated in order to estimate the ECA. It was shown that the sweeping rate of voltage needed to be increased in the case of little catalyst loading.

The Effect of Isopropyl Alcohol and Non-Ionic Surfactant Mixtures on the Wetting of Porous Coated Paper

The influence of isopropyl alcohol and non-ionic surfactant solutions on aqueous droplet wetting behaviour on porous coated paper was determined. Paper coatings provide a micro- and nano-porous surface structure, which strictly speaking cannot be described in simple roughness terms as sub-surface lateral absorption directly impacts on the apparent contact angle. It is this very deviation from an idealised system that leads to novel wetting phenomena. Isopropyl alcohol and surfactant-based systems, both of which are commonly used in the printing industry, show differences in wetting behaviour, on both short and long timescales, with changes in the relative composition of the mixtures. Small variations of 0.1 wt% in surfactant concentration have a dramatic influence on the dynamic surface tension, and thus the wetting. It was observed that the wetting kinetics for isopropyl alcohol and surfactant solutions were different in terms of both wetting area and the penetration rate, even in cases where the dynamic surface tension of the solutions was kept the same. Different stages in the wetting and following drying processes could be observed with near infrared spectral imaging. In addition, the surfactant chemistries such as their degrees of hydrophilicity and molecular weights generated comparative differences in the wetting kinetics. The dominating factor affecting the wetting was, as expected, the solid–liquid interfacial energy defined on the practical porous substrate, which differed from the direct comparison with dynamic surface tension, thus exemplifying the deviation from idealised surface roughness behaviour when considering porous materials. An apparent “equivalent” surface roughness value for the porous material was determined, and it was seen that an increase in this equivalent parameter enhanced the rate of wetting behaviour with decreasing solution surface tension, and so also affected the wetting evolution. The wetting was enhanced by cavities in the coating layer, which were enlarged by the penetrating liquids.

Effect of isopropyl alcohol on the granulometric and chemical composition of ultradispersed copper-containing powders

Possibility of obtaining nanodispersed copper-containing powders by electrochemical cathodic deposition from aqueous and water-isopropanol solutions of copper dichloride was examined.

Effect of isopropyl alcohol on cathodic deposition of ultradispersed copper-containing powders from electrolyte solutions

The possibility of cathodic deposition of copper-containing powders of nanosize dispersity from solutions of copper dichloride in a mixed water-isopropanol solvent was studied.

The influence of atomic configuration of (h k l) planes on adsorption processes associated with anisotropic etching of silicon

Abstract The effect of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) on anisotropic etching process of monocrystalline silicon in KOH solution has been considered. The differences in planes developing during the etching in KOH and KOH+IPA solutions has been analysed. The atomic configuration of different ( h k l ) planes was modelled with a computer program “Cerius”. Dangling bonds configuration, their spacings and inclination angles towards the etched ( h k l ) surface were used for explanation of the differences in etching rates and surface smoothness among different planes. The theoretical analysis, confirmed with the experimental results, allowed us to establish the role of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in the etching process. Obtained results can be very useful for selection of other modifiers of etching solutions to create new shapes of 3D atructures in silicon for micromechanical applications.

The effect of isopropyl alcohol on etching rate and roughness of (1 0 0) Si surface etched in KOH and TMAH solutions

The etching process of (1 0 0) silicon wafers in KOH and TMAH solutions with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) has been studied. The etching rates of different crystallographic planes in the wide range of solutions concentration have been estimated. The mutual relations of the etching rates of these planes have been analysed. Special emphasis was put on the roughness of silicon surface obtained in effect of etching. It was proved that IPA added to the solution improves the morphology of resulted surface. Detailed indications about the solution composition, ensuring satisfactory surface quality have been given. On the basis of experimental results and theoretical considerations, some attempts were made to explain the etching behaviour of silicon in KOH and TMAH solutions with IPA addition. It was suggested that TMA + ions play similar role in the solution to IPA particles and participate in smoothening of the etched surface.