Effect Of Isometric Exercise Research Articles

Effect of Isometric Exercises (Quadriceps Strengthening) in Patients with Osteoarthritis Knee

Effect of Isometric Exercises (Quadriceps Strengthening) in Patients with Osteoarthritis Knee

THE EFFECT OF STRENGTHENING EXERCISE ON THE QUADRICEPT AND HAMSTRING MUSCLES ON CHANGING FUNCTIONAL KNEES FOR PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

Introduction Osteoarthritis is a failure to repair damage in the joints caused by excessive mechanical stress. This disease is chronic, degenerative, non-inflammatory, and slowly progressive, one of which is characterized by decreased function. Osteoarthritis is a form of osteoarthritis that affects people in old age or adulthood. The cause of osteoarthritis is not known with certainty, but age, gender, race, genetics, obesity, and physical activity are risk factors that lead to pathological changes and affect the decreased functional ability. This decrease in functional ability in osteoarthritis can be overcome by isometric exercise.Methods: The research design used was a pre-experimental design with an approach of pretest-posttest one group design. The sampling technique used was total sampling, with a total of 20 respondents aged 40–70 years. Exercise with a frequency of 2 times a week for 8 weeks at an intensity of 3 repetitions for 15 minutes. The measuring instrument in this study used WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index). Normality test using the Shapiro-Wilk test, hypothesis testing using the Wilcoxon Test.The results showed the level of functional ability before being given the intervention had an average value of 2.30 and after being given the intervention had an average value of 1.40. Statistical test results showed p-value = 0.000 (p 0.005). This shows that there is an effect of isometric exercise on changes in functional abilities of patients with Samarinda knee osteoarthritis at AW Sjahranie Hospital.Conclusion: Giving isometric exercise to the quadriceps and hamstrings has an effect on improving the functional ability of the knee in patients with osteoarthritis.

Effectiveness of isometric exercises on disability and pain of cervical spondylosis: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundNeck pain and disability is a significant public health problem with only very few evidence-based treatment option. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isometric exercise on pain and disability of cervical spondylosis.MethodsTwenty four patients with cervical osteoarthritis and neck pain (22 females and 2 males; mean age, 46.70 ± 13.71 years) were recruited and randomly allocated into 2 arms: neck isometric exercises (n = 12) and conservative management without exercise (n = 12). The Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPAD) were used to assess participants at baseline and after 4 weeks.ResultsBasic characteristics, NDI score and NPAD score were not significantly different between groups at baseline. The exercise arm demonstrated significantly lower scores regarding NDI (mean, 17.41 vs. 25.58; P-value = 0.035) and NPAD (mean, 25.33 vs. 66.67; P < 0.001), compared to the control arm after 4 weeks. The exercise arm also showed significant within group reduction considering NDI and NPAD scores after 4 weeks (Both, P < 0.001).ConclusionOur findings suggested that isometric exercises might be a beneficial treatment for improving pain and disability caused by cervical spondylosis.Trial registration This study was registered at irct.ir (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials) with the code IRCT20220206053950N1, 07.05.2022, retrospectively registered.

A study to assess the effectiveness of isometric exercise on reducing the knee pain among osteoarthritis patients in orthopedic ward in Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai

Pain is a feeling that is triggered by harmful stimuli. Osteoarthritis is a highly common ailment that is sometimes referred to as “wear and tear” of the body’s joints when pain is present. The knees, hips, hands, and spine are mostly affected joints as per the data. The cause is employment impairment now males over 50 in the United States, after ischemic heart disease, and it lead to more hospitalizations each year than rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The goal of this study was to see how much knee discomfort patients with osteoarthritis had before they did isometric exercise. The goal of this study was to see how much pain patients with osteoarthritis experienced after doing isometric exercises. To see how isometric exercise affected the level of knee soreness before the exam. to see if there’s a link between knee pain severity and various demographic characteristics A pre-experimental one-group pretest and post-test research design was adopted in this investigation. The qualitative research took place in the orthopaedic ward of Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital in Chennai. A non-probability purposive sampling strategy was Chosen to select 60 osteoarthritis patients. The majority of the 3o samples have severe joint ache, according to preliminary findings. 15 (50) and 10 (33) percent of experienced severe ligament ache, respectively, while 5 (17) percent had slight discomfort as well as nobody had not at all ache. Previous testing revealed that the majority of the 30 samples were pain-free, with 8 (27%) and 18 (60%) having minor knee discomfort, 4 (13) percent having adequate ache, and nobody having excessive discomfort. paired ‘t’ value calculated was 20.3, suggesting that the difference between the pre- and post-test was statistically significant at P0.001. Conclusion: In the orthopaedic ward of the Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital in Chennai, isometric exercise improves knee ache in osteoarthritis patients.

Effect of isometric exercise on blood pressure in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundSystemic arterial hypertension (HTN) is the leading risk factor of cardiovascular disease death. Lifestyle changes are key for the prevention and management of HTN. Regular aerobic exercise training is recommended as part of the management of HTN, and dynamic resistance exercise should be prescribed as an adjuvant to aerobic training. Recent evidence points to the potential benefits of isometric resistance training in reducing blood pressure (BP). Yet, the hypotensive effect of isometric exercise in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals is not fully understood. Thus, we will examine the effect of isometric exercise in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals through a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsOur systematic review study will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) selected from the electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, LILACS, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PEDro published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages. We will follow the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) and PICOS framework. Our search will involve studies with both male and female participants aged 18 years or more diagnosed with prehypertension or HTN performing one session of isometric exercise (acute effect) or isometric exercise training (chronic effect) compared to a control group (no exercise). We will use the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool to evaluate the quality of the studies and RStudio software (v1.3.959 for Windows) for statistical analyses.DiscussionA meta-analysis of a homogeneous sample of prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals involving isometric handgrip exercise alone can further support previous findings and improve our understanding and recommendations for the management of these populations.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020213081.

Short-term effects of isometric exercise with local and systemic hypoxia and normoxia on fatigue and muscle function in trained men

Short-term effects of isometric exercise with local and systemic hypoxia and normoxia on fatigue and muscle function in trained men

Effect of Isometric Exercise on Heart Rate Variability in Prehypertensive Young Adults

Background and Objective: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a sensitive and specific non-invasive tool to evaluate the degree of heart rate variation under the balanced influence of sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the cardiac autonomic nervous system. The aim was to study the effect of isometric hand grip exercise on HRV in prehypertensive young adults and to find a correlation of HRV with body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: This observational study was done on 60 healthy young adults aged 18–30 years. All the subjects were divided into three groups of 20 each on the level of their BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Group I were subjects with BMI &lt;25 and normotensive, group II with BMI &lt;25 and prehypertensive, and group III with BMI &gt;25 and prehypertensive. HRV analysis (Chart HRV module, ADInstruments Pty Ltd) was performed with the following parameters calculated: low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency power (HF), and LF/HF ratio. Results: LF/HF ratio was significantly increased (P&lt;0.001) in prehypertensive subjects (groups II and III) when compared with the normotensive subjects (group I), which indicates a heightened sympathetic discharge in prehypertensives. A positive correlation between anthropometric parameters and cardiac autonomic activity parameters and increased sympathetic activity in obese subjects were noted. Conclusion: An increase in anthropometric indices is associated with a change in cardiac autonomic activity, especially toward sympathetic activity. Regular anthropometric assessment can prevent the development of cardiac abnormalities and the incidence of sudden cardiac death.

Effect of isometric exercises on the masseter muscle in older adults with missing dentition: a randomized controlled trial

Maintaining oral function in older individuals with missing teeth is important for leading a healthy and independent life. This study aimed to evaluate whether simple isometric exercises can maintain and improve the oral function [maximum occlusal force (MOF) and masticatory ability (MA)] and the masticatory muscle properties [masseter muscle thickness (MMT) and echo intensity (MMEI)] in older adults during the maintenance phase of removable prosthetic treatment. Participants were randomly categorized into the intervention and control groups. The mouthpieces were distributed, and participants were instructed to use them for exercising. The intervention group was instructed to perform maximum clenching for 10 s, whereas the control group was instructed to tap the teeth at an arbitrary speed for 10 s. Both were repeated five times at an interval of 5 s between each activity and twice daily for 4 weeks. The outcomes were measured after a month of exercise. The intervention group showed a significant improvement in the MOF, MMT during contraction, MMT at rest and MMEI during contraction. There were no significant differences in the MA and MMEI at rest. In the control group, no improvement was observed in any of the parameters. When the isometric exercises were performed using a mouthpiece, there was an improvement in the oral function and masseter muscle properties in older individuals with Eichner B status who used dentures.

Aerobic exercise, but not isometric handgrip exercise, improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness in patients with myocardial infarction undergoing coronary intervention: a randomized pilot study

BackgroundAerobic exercise improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness after myocardial infarction (MI), but the effects of isometric exercise on cardiovascular parameters are still uncertain. We aimed to assess the effects of one session of aerobic or isometric exercise on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in post-MI volunteers undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsTwenty post-MI patients undergoing PCI were randomized to aerobic (AE, n = 10) or isometric (IE, n = 10) exercise groups. We evaluated cardiac structure and function (echocardiographic); carotid plaque presence (ultrasound). FMD and PWV were measured 10 min before and 10 min after the intervention: a single session of moderate-intensity AE (30 min; ratings 12–14 on Borg’s scale or 50–60% HRreserve) or handgrip IE (four two-minute bilateral contractions; 30% maximal voluntary contraction; 1-min rest). Generalized estimating equations (Bonferroni post-hoc) was used to assess differences (p ≤ 0.050).ResultsFMD improved only in the AE group (Δ = 4.9%; p = 0.034), with no difference between groups after exercise. Even after adjustment (for baseline brachial artery diameter) the effectiveness of AE remained (p = 0.025) with no change in the IE group. PWV was slightly reduced from baseline in the AE group (Δ = 0.61 m/s; p = 0.044), and no difference when compared to the IE group. Peripheral vascular resistance decreased in AE versus IE (p = 0.050) and from baseline (p = 0.014).ConclusionsVascular measurements (FMD and PWV) improved after a single session of AE. There are apparently no benefits following a session of IE.Trial registrationhttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov and ID number NCT04000893.

Changes in Inspiratory and Expiratory Flow Rates with Sustained Hand Grip and their Correlation with Fat Free Mass Index in Healthy Young Adults

Introduction: Aerobic exercises which are isotonic in nature have been proved to be beneficial in a number of cardiovascular and lifestyle diseases. But the effect of isometric exercises on cardiovascular and respiratory system is not fully evaluated. Existing literature on effect of isometric exercise on respiratory flow parameters are scanty and needs to be studied. Further, the impact of muscle mass on respiratory flow parameters need to be evaluated. Aim: To investigate the change in respiratory flow parameters (Peak Inspiratory Flow (PIF), Maximal Inspiratory Flow (MIF) 50, Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), Maximum Expiratory Flow (MEF) 25-75, MEF 25, MEF 50 and MEF 75) in response to Sustained hand grip exercise and to find out any correlation between these flow parameters and Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Physiology, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur University, Odisha between October 2011 and August 2014. A total of 150 healthy volunteers aged between 17 to 25 years were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements were recorded using standardised instruments. Body fat percentage was measured by Bioelectric Impedance Analysis technique and then Fat Free Mass (FFM) and FFMI were calculated using standard formulae. Respiratory Flow parameters were assessed using Flow handy Spirometer as per the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) guidelines. Sustained hand grip exercise was performed with Physilab Grip Dynamometer. IBM SPSS Statistics Version 24.0, was used for statistical analysis. Paired sample t-test was used to compare lung volumes at baseline and after 3 minutes of sustained hand grip exercise. The p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Karl Pearson Correlation coefficient was used to study the linear relationship between FFMI and various inspiratory and expiratory flow rates. Results: The mean values of all respiratory flow parameters under study decreased at 3 minutes of sustained hand grip exercise as compared to baseline values. This change was statistically significant for PEF (p-value 0.012), MEF 25-75 (p-value 0.041), MEF 50 (p-value 0.001), MEF 75 (p-value 0.012) and MIF50 (p-value 0.004) (p&lt;0.05). All the flow rates studied except MEF 25 showed significant positive correlation with FFMI (r-values between 0.231 to 0.380, p&lt;0.05) but the strength of association was low. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant reduction in both inspiratory and expiratory flow parameters with isometric sustained hand grip exercise. So, isometric exercises should be avoided in patients with obstructive airway diseases. But muscle mass should be improved for better ventilation as authors observed a positive correlation between FFMI and respiratory flow rates.

Review Article on Effectiveness of Isometric Exercise on Osteoarthritis

Review Article on Effectiveness of Isometric Exercise on Osteoarthritis

Acute Effect of Isometric Exercise on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients

Acute Effect of Isometric Exercise on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients

KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH MENCIT (MUS MUSCULUS) DIABETES MELLITUS PASKA PEMBERIAN MODEL LATIHAN ISOMETRIK

Introduction: Based on the latest research, exercise had significant effect to decrease blood glucose. The aimed of this study was to investigate the effect of isometric exercise model on blood glucose in Diabetic Mice (Mus musculus).Methodes: This research was used a true experimental study with randomize post-test only control group design. The sample was male mice (Mus musculus) in 20-27 grams weight. 27 male mice were divided into three groups; the first group was normal group (control) that injected by NaCl as placebo, the second group was diabetic mice and the third group was diabetic mice with exercise. Both second group and third group were injected by streptozotocin (STZ) to induce Diabetes Mellitus. After 2x24 hours injected, all groups were given oral glucose (Dextrose-40% or D40). One hour after they given by D40, the third group was treated by isometric exercise used treadmill for 23.31 minutes with 21 cm/second speed and 0° elevation angle. Then the blood samples of all groups were taken to measure the blood glucose level. Data were analyzed by One Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA test, and Least Significance Difference (LSD) with significance level of α&lt;0.05.Result: The result of One Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that there was p=0.94 in normal group, p=0.50 in diabetic group, and p=0.19 in diabetic with exercise group. The result of ANOVA test was p=0.08. The result of LSD for blood glucose revealed was p=0.23 for diabetic group and diabetic with exercise group. The researcher had an assumption that probably it happened because of in second group there were two mice that had normal blood glucose levels and in the third group the initial blood glucose levels were unknown, hence they probably could had normal blood glucose levels too. Discussion: It can be concluded that there is no effect of isometric exercise to decrease blood glucose. Further research should investigate more about the frequency and intensity of isometric exercise that could has effect to decrease blood glucose.

The Effect of Isometric Exercise on Pain Severity and Muscle Strength of Patients with Lower Limb Fractures: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study

Background: Pain and weakening of muscle strength are the most important problems in orthopedic patients. Isometric movements are effective in reducing these problems. Due to the lack of studies in this field, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of isometric movements on pain control and muscle strength reversal of lower limb fractures. Methods: This clinical trial was carried out in 120 patients aged 15 - 49 years suffering from lower limb fracture admitted to the Shahid Beheshti hospital of Sabzevar in 2016 with random allocation to intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, physiotherapy was performed by isometric movements four hours after the surgery and then, up to five consecutive days, each day four times of half an hour. The amount of pain and reversing muscle strength was investigated before and after the intervention in both groups. STATA 11 software was used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05. Results: In the intervention and control groups, there were 83% and 85% males, 17%, and 15% females, respectively. The age groups of 40 - 49 years (37%) and 30 - 39 years (35%) were the most frequent. The Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference between the amount of pain before (6.86 ± 1.18) and after (2.86 ± 1.89) the intervention (P < 0.001). Fischer’s exact test showed a significant difference between the groups in terms of muscle strength after the intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Isometric movements exercise is the most effective method for relieving pain and reversing muscle strength, which can be recommended by orthopedic doctors because it facilitates recovery and accelerates the return to normal life.

Assessment of choroidal blood flow using laser speckle flowgraphy

Background/aimsThere is considerable interest in novel techniques to quantify choroidal blood flow (CBF) in humans. In the present study, we investigated a novel technique to measure CBF based on laser...

Effect of Isometric Exercises on Ability and Balance of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

Effect of Isometric Exercises on Ability and Balance of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

Resting Blood Pressure Reductions Following Isometric Leg Exercise Training Are Associated With Improved Flow-mediated Vasodilatation

Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (BAFMD) is an endothelium-dependant and nitric oxide specific index of endothelial function. The chronic effect of isometric exercise on endothelial function remains equivocal. PURPOSE: To investigate whether isometric bilateral leg extension training can reduce resting blood pressure (RBP) and whether these changes are associated with altered BAFMD. METHOD:14 healthy normotensive males volunteered for an 8 week cross-over training study. Exercise intensity for each participant was calculated as 105.4% of 2 minute mean peak torque. Parameters measured at baseline, 4 weeks and post exercise and control condition were used for analysis. Blood pressure was measured using an automated device. Doppler Ultrasound was used to measure change in BAFMD expressed as relative, absolute and normalised to shear rate. RESULTS: Statistically significant reductions were observed in resting systolic blood pressure (-3.56mmHg; p=0.014) and reductions in mean arterial pressure (-3.26mmHg; p=0.027) between exercise and control conditions when measured from baseline to 4 weeks. No significant reductions were observed in resting diastolic blood pressure (p=0.416) and heart rate between conditions from baseline to 4 weeks (p=0.854). A negative correlation of moderate strength was observed between changes in resting mean arterial pressure and BAFMD from baseline to 4 weeks (r=-0.54; p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in resting blood pressure parameters between exercise and control conditions from 4weeks to post (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate greater reductions in RBP are associated with enhanced BAFMD. Nitric oxide mediated endothelial function may be an initial mechanism responsible for the RBP reductions. Artery diameter, blood flow patterns, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance are currently undergoing analysis. This may enhance our understanding of the interaction between the physiological mechanisms responsible for reductions in resting blood pressure. This research could potentially inform future alternative exercise prescription for training studies which ultimately aim to improve cardiovascular health.

Effect of Isometric Exercises and Proprioceptive Exercises in IT Professionals Suffering from Sub Clinical Neck Pain

Objective: To study the effects of isometric and proprioceptive exercises in IT professionals suffering from subclinical neck pain. Methodology: 30 subjects within age group of 18-40 yrs both males and females from IT companies with subclinical neck pain participated in the study. Subjects who were working for a minimum of 6 hours /day or 30 hours/ week and with the NDI score in between range of 5-14 were included in the study. Subjects were excluded if they had any other musculoskeletal, vertebro basilar insufficiency symptoms and neurological disorders, had undergone cervical spine surgery or were undergoing treatment at the time of testing. Improvements were noted on VAS score, NDI score, extensor muscle strength measurement and proprioception i.e. joint position sense. Results: Significant differences were observed within two groups i.e. group B given postural training and strength training exercises as well as group C given postural training, strength training and proprioceptive training exercises compared to group A given postural training exercises only. On intergroup analysis between groups B and C no significant difference was found. Conclusion: Strength training program with postural correction tips is equally effective as combination of strength and proprioceptive training group in improving pain, disability, muscle strength and proprioception.

Effect of Isometric Exercise on QTc Interval.

The QTc interval is affected by heart rate, autonomic nervous system and diseases like diabetes. However, the affect of exercise which alters autonomic nervous system activity, on QTc is not clear. On the other hand, the incidence of sudden cardiac death increases many fold post exercise. These events may be better explained by studying the effect of exercise on QTc. This study was designed with an aim to record the QTc interval changes in response to isometric exercise in a group of normal individuals with or without parental history of diabetes mellitus. Also the QTc duration was correlated with the LF-HF ratio. Twenty nine, healthy medical students were subjected to isometric hand grip test for 5min. ECG was recorded pre-exercise and at various time intervals post-exercise. All data are expressed in mean ± SD. Intra group comparison was done using paired t-test and unpaired t-test was used for comparison among group I and group II subjects, and among males and females. The difference in the pre and post exercise QTc values both within and between groups was statistically significant with group I subjects recording lower values. The post exercise LF: HF values were significantly increased when compared to pre exercise values in both the groups. There was no correlation between LF: HF and QTc. A longer than normal QTc interval predisposes to arrhythmia. Exercise brings about detectable changes in the QTc interval after a period of isometric exercise in normal individuals which in high risk individuals may predispose to sudden cardiac death. In addition women may be more susceptible to post-exercise arrhythmia owing to a longer QTc even at rest.

Effect of isometric exercise on aortic regurgitation assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Purpose: Although the presence of aortic regurgitation (AR) may be a handicap for sport practice, the effect of isometric exercice (IE) on AR and ventricular function jointly has not been assessed previously. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) may be useful on this purpose. Methods: We studied 20 asymptomatic patients with moderate or severe AR in the echocardiogram. We performed a CMR at rest and during the practice of a maximal IE (weight elevation with both legs). We analyzed changes in left and right ventricular function (by means of cineMR sequences) and in AR flow (by means of phase-constrast sequences). Results: During IE we noticed an increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure and cardiac output. We observed a decrease in end-diastolic and end-systolic volume in both ventricles, without significant changes in ejection fraction. Flow analysis of ascending aorta showed a decrease in left ventricular stroke volume, whereas regurgitant volume and regurgitant fraction did not change significantly (Table 1). View this table: Table 1 Conclusions: In patients affected of AR, IE did not produce a left ventricle volume overload. CMR is useful for the evaluation of haemodynamic repercussion of IE.