Effect Of Fat Supplementation Research Articles

The effect of fat supplementation on the occurrence of dumping syndrome related symptoms in patients having undergone gastric surgery

The effect of fat supplementation on the occurrence of dumping syndrome related symptoms in patients having undergone gastric surgery

The effect of fat supplementation on the occurrence of symptoms related to dumping syndrome in patients undergone gastric surgery: Preliminary results

The effect of fat supplementation on the occurrence of symptoms related to dumping syndrome in patients undergone gastric surgery: Preliminary results

The Effect of Fat Supplementation on the Appearance of Symptoms Associated With Dumping Syndrome in Patients Having Undergone Gastric Surgery: Preliminary Results.

Data on the effect of dietary fat on dumping syndrome (DS) symptoms are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the addition of fat to a carbohydrate mealon the appearance of DS symptoms and glycemic response, in patients who had undergone gastric surgery. This was an interventional crossover study. Patients scheduled for gastric surgical procedures related to DS at two surgical units of two public hospitals (General University Hospital of Larissaand General Hospital of Larissa)were considered for study inclusion. Patients presenting symptoms suggestive of diagnosis (n = 12), after the ingestion of a carbohydrate meal, were used as both intervention and control groups. During the intervention process, a fat supplement was added to the carbohydrate meal that was previously used for diagnosis. Glycemic response and the amount and intensity of DS symptoms provoked by the two meals were assessed at both appointments. Blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the group that consumed the added fat meal compared with the group that consumed the carbohydrate meal 60 minutes after ingestion (p = 0.028). Furthermore, a significant reduction was noted in the amount of late dumping symptoms (p = 0.021)and the intensity of both early and late dumping symptoms (p = 0.007 and p = 0.012 respectively), after fat addition. Conclusions: Incorporating fat into a carbohydrate meal seems toattenuate postprandial blood glucose risesand reduce the amount and intensity of DS symptoms, in patients who had undergone gastric surgery.

Effects of supplemental fat and roughage level on intake, growth performance, and health of newly received feedlot calves

Effects of supplemental fat and roughage level on intake, growth performance, and health of newly received feedlot calves

Effect of Fat Supplements in Starter Diet on Performance, Blood and Rumen Parameters of Holstein Calves

Effect of Fat Supplements in Starter Diet on Performance, Blood and Rumen Parameters of Holstein Calves

Effects of fat supplements containing different levels of palmitic and stearic acid on milk production and fatty acid digestibility in lactating dairy cows

Fat supplements based on palmitic acid (PA) or stearic acid (SA) are expected to have different effects on milk production and nutrient metabolism in lactating dairy cows. In this study, the effects of prilled fat supplements containing different levels of PA and SA were tested in 12 high-producing multiparous cows (pretrial milk yield = 53.4 ± 8.7 kg/d; mean ± SD) arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Treatments were control (CON; no supplemental fat), an enriched PA supplement (HP; 91% C16:0), an enriched SA supplement (HS; 92.5% C18:0), and a blend of PA and SA (INT) fed at 1.95% of diet dry matter. All supplements contained oleic acid at approximately 5% of fatty acids. The HP treatment decreased dry matter intake (DMI) by 1.9 kg/d and 1.1 kg/d compared with SA and CON, respectively. Milk yield was not changed by treatment, but INT increased energy-corrected milk by 2.7 kg/d compared with HS. The HP and INT treatments increased milk fat yield by 0.11 and 0.14 kg/d compared with CON, respectively. Additionally, HP decreased yield of <16 carbon fatty acids (FA; de novo synthesized) by 44 g/d and 43 g/d compared with INT and CON, respectively. The HP treatment increased 16-carbon FA (mixed source) by 155 g/d compared with CON and 64 g/d relative to INT. No effect of treatment on apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, or neutral detergent fiber was detectable. The INT and HS treatments decreased total-tract digestibility of 16-carbon FA by 10.3 and 10.5 percentage units compared with HP, respectively. Total-tract digestibility of 18-carbon FA was lowest in the HS diet and highest with HP. In conclusion, supplementing PA increased milk fat yield compared with control and SA, but supplementing a mixture of PA and SA increased energy-corrected milk without decreasing intake. The FA profile of fat supplements influences their digestibility and effects on DMI and milk and milk fat synthesis.

Soybean oil supplementation and alfalfa hay inclusion in starter feed of Holstein dairy calves: growth performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and urinary purine derivatives

Forty newborn Holstein female calves (BW = 39.9 ± 2.1 kg) were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups (each consisting of 10 animals) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of supplemental soybean oil [0 vs. 3% soybean oil (SBO) on dry matter basis] and forage level [0 vs. 15% alfalfa hay (AH) on dry matter basis] to evaluate the interaction effect of supplemental fat and forage feeding level in starter feed of dairy calves. Treatments were; (1) neither SBO supplementation nor AH inclusion (NSBO-NAH); (2) SBO supplementation but no AH included (SBO-NAH); (3) no SBO supplementation but AH included (NSBO-AH); and (4) SBO supplementation with AH (SBO-AH). Calves had ad-libitum access to water and starters throughout the study and weaned on day 63 of age but remained in the study until day 73 of age. The results showed that SBO supplementation reduced starter intake, average daily gain (tendency) and faecal consistency compared to un-supplemented diets. The lowest digestibility for neutral detergent fibre and crude protein, as well as the lowest wither height and volatile fatty acid production, were found for SBO-AH diet among experimental treatments. Moreover, the lowest urinary purine derivatives excretion but the highest urinary nitrogen excretion found in SBO-AH diet indicated the lowest nitrogen utilisation efficiency among experimental treatments. In summary, based on the current study condition, because the negative effects of SBO supplementation were exacerbated when AH was incorporated in the starter feed, concurrent feeding of SBO and AH is not recommendable in young calves. HIGHLIGHTS Supplemental soybean oil and alfalfa hay inclusion in starter feed of dairy calves was evaluated. Supplementation of SBO reduced crude protein digestibility and ruminal propionate concentration and caused looser faecal consistency. The inclusion of AH exacerbated the negative effects of SBO supplementation on ruminal fermentation and microbial activity. Concurrent supplementation of SBO and AH inclusion is not recommendable in dairy calves.

Effects of Fat Supplementation in Dairy Goats on Lipid Metabolism and Health Status.

Simple SummaryThere is an increasing demand for information on the nutraceutical properties of food. Due to its bioactive components and high digestibility, goat milk is an excellent functional food. Dietary fat supplementation can further enrich the value of goat milk by modifying its acidic profile. Nevertheless, animal health can also benefit from lipids supplied with rations. In this review, the relationships between dietary fats and goat health status are summarized. Particular attention is paid to describing the effects of specific fatty acids on lipid metabolism and immune functionality.Fat supplementation has long been used in dairy ruminant nutrition to increase the fat content of milk and supply energy during particularly challenging production phases. Throughout the years, advances have been made in the knowledge of metabolic pathways and technological treatments of dietary fatty acids (FAs), resulting in safer and more widely available lipid supplements. There is an awareness of the positive nutraceutical effects of the addition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to fat supplementation, which provides consumers with healthier animal products through manipulation of their characteristics. If it is true that benefits to human health can be derived from the consumption of animal products rich in bioactive fatty acids (FAs), then it is reasonable to think that the same effect can occur in the animals to which the supplements are administered. Therefore, recent advances in fat supplementation of dairy goats with reference to the effect on health status have been summarized. In vivo trials and in vitro analysis on cultured cells, as well as histological and transcriptomic analyses of hepatic and adipose tissue, have been reviewed in order to assess documented relationships between specific FAs, lipid metabolism, and immunity.

Effect of fat supplementation on physiological and reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian bulls during summer.

The objective of current study was to determine the effect of fat supplement on physiological and reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian bulls during subtropical summer in Pakistan. Eighteen bulls were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups: (1) CTL, basal diet without fat supplementation; (2) FS100, basal diet with 100g fat supplementation (Energizer-RP-10®, IFFCO, Johor, Malaysia); (3) FS200, basal diet with 200g fat supplementation. Basal diet consisted of 50% green fodder (corn silage), 25% wheat straw, and 25% concentrate on dry matter basis. Diets were offered for 14weeks from May to August 2016. The average daily temperature-humidity index ranged from 85 to 88 for the experimental period. The results indicated that there was no difference in dry matter intake, water intake, rectal temperature, pulse rate, and respiration rate among the treatment groups. Fat supplementation did not influence semen traits including sperm motility, progressive motility, amplitude of lateral head displacement, live-to-dead ratio, normal acrosomal ridge, plasma membrane integrity, and DNA integrity. The interaction of season with fat revealed that FA200 significantly increased post thaw semen motility and progressive motility during hot humid summer (P < 0.05). Analysis of blood metabolites showed that blood urea nitrogen was higher in FS200 compared with CTL and FS100 groups (P < 0.05). There was no effect of fat supplementation on blood testosterone level. Glucose showed quadratic trend in response to fat supplementation. It could be concluded that addition of fat only improved motility and progressive motility of sperms during hot humid summer.

Effects of postpartum fat supplementation and source on the reproductive performance of lactating young beef cows grazing cool-season grass pastures

ABSTRACT Objective The objective was to evaluate the effects of fat supplementation and source on reproductive performance of young lactating Angus beef cows grazing cool-season grass (CSG) pastures. Materials and Methods Over 3 yr, 36 second- and third-calving, lactating (38 ± 1.5 d postpartum) Angus cows (554 ± 15.5 kg of BW) were assigned randomly to 9 paddocks (4 cows per paddock) of CSG pastures. Each paddock was assigned randomly to a nonsupplemented control (CON) or 2 supplemented (SUP) treatments in which cows received 300 g/cow per day of supplemental fat (ether extract) from a canola seed–based (CAN) or flaxseed-based (FLX) pellet for 42 d before start of the breeding period. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design contrasting the effects of fat supplementation (CON vs. SUP) and fat source (CAN vs. FLX). Results and Discussion Results indicate that cows in CON had greater (P = 0.01) forage utilization and tended (P = 0.08) to have greater estimated forage DMI compared with cows in SUP, whereas no difference (P ≥ 0.76) was observed between CAN and FLX treatments. By the end of the trial, all treatments resulted in positive ADG, maintained or increased BCS and s.c. fat thickness, and reduced serum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations with no difference (P ≥ 0.20) among treatments. No differences (P ≥ 0.12) were observed for pregnancy rate, calving distribution, and calving-to-calving interval. The failure to find treatment differences in growth and reproductive performance is likely a result of greater-than-expected nutrient content (CP: 12.5 ± 2.5%; TDN: 56.5 ± 2.9%) of CSG pastures and similar nutritional status across treatments. Implications and Applications These results indicate that prebreeding fat supplementation and source had no beneficial effects on reproductive performance of young, lactating Angus beef cows grazing good quality CSG pastures.

Effects of fat supplementation on plasma glucose, insulin and fatty acid analysis in ponies maintained on a forage-based diet.

The objective of this study was to observe how fat incorporated into an equine forage-based diet through supplementation altered levels of plasma glucose, insulin and fatty acids. Five Shetland/Hackney cross pony mares were fed alfalfa pellet diets top dressed with commercially available vegetable oil (blend of soya bean, canola and corn oils) at 0%, 5%, 10% or 15% of diet. Ponies were randomly assigned one of four diets to start, with a 14-day adjustment period between transitioning to another one of the four diets. Ponies were gradually adapted to the new diet within the 14-day period before a five-day trial period. Each pony received all four diets by the end of the study. Each trial was a five-day period with a three-day sample collection. Blood samples for each collection week were taken 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 and 270min and at 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10hr post-feeding. Excess fat did not impact plasma glucose (p>.1), nor did it affect blood plasma insulin concentration. While there was no time alteration found for plasma fatty acid concentration (p>.1), C14:0 increased when ponies were fed 0% fat and C18:2 decreased when ponies were fed 0% fat. Plasma fatty acids (% of total FA) were higher in C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C20:1 in the added fat diets (p<.1). These findings suggest the amounts reported in this study of fat supplementation on a forage-based diet did influence the fatty acid analysis within the pony, but did not negatively impact blood glucose and insulin concentrations.

Short communication: Effect of fatty acid supplements on apparent ruminal synthesis of B vitamins in lactating dairy cows

The effect of fat supplements (FS) providing different proportions of saturated (SFA) and unsaturated (UFA) fatty acids on supply, apparent ruminal synthesis (ARS), and duodenal flow (DF) of some B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folates, and vitamin B12) were evaluated in an experiment using 8 ruminally and duodenally cannulated lactating Holstein cows. The experiment was a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d treatment periods. The 4 treatments were a control diet without fatty acid supplement and 3 diets with 2.5% additional fatty acids from supplements containing (1) SFA, (2) an intermediate mixture of SFA and UFA, or (3) UFA. All diets were served as a total mixed ration once daily at 115% of the expected intake. B-vitamin concentrations were analyzed in feed and duodenal digesta. Apparent ruminal synthesis of each B vitamin was calculated as the DF minus the intake. B-vitamin concentrations were similar among the 4 treatments; consequently, daily intake of the vitamins followed the same pattern as dry matter intake. Adding FS decreased B-vitamin intakes (except vitamin B12), as did increasing the proportion of UFA. Riboflavin and niacin DF and ARS, expressed as total daily amount or per unit of dry matter intake, were not affected by FS, but increasing the proportion of UFA decreased riboflavin and niacin DF and ARS. Fat supplements decreased DF of vitamin B6, expressed either as total daily amount or per unit of dry matter intake. No treatment effects were observed on total daily folate DF and ARS. However, when expressed per unit of dry matter intake, folate DF and ARS were greater when cows were fed FS and they increased linearly with the proportion of UFA in the supplement. Inclusion of fat supplements into the dairy cow diet had a limited effect on the fate of most B vitamins in the rumen although increasing the proportion of UFA in the FS linearly decreased apparent synthesis of riboflavin and niacin in the rumen and the amounts of these vitamins reaching the small intestine.

6 The effect of fat supplementation on behavior and glycemic response in horses

6 The effect of fat supplementation on behavior and glycemic response in horses

Application of dietary fish oil in dairy cow reproduction

Feed fats are commonly used as a component of high-yielding cow diet rations. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of fat supplementation on metabolism, milk composition, and improvements in dairy cow reproduction. The positive effects on fat (vegetable oil) and energy supplementation on improvements in reproduction are well documented. Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including n-3 acids, in appropriate feed doses improves fertility of dairy cows. A fat source with high levels of acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is marine oil, especially fish and algae. By modification of cow rations, EPA and DHA can be utilized to reduce synthesis of PGF2 alpha in the endometrium, which can prevent luteolysis of the corpus luteum during early pregnancy. The PUFAs also may have a direct impact on key genes and their proteins that regulate biochemical processes and pathways between the corpus luteum, the uterus, and the embryo. The effect of n-3 fatty acids on the survival of embryos is not yet clearly defined.

Influences of supplemental fat, differing in fatty-acid composition, on performance, plasma fatty-acid content, and reproduction of developing beef heifers

ABSTRACT Angus × Simmental, fall-born heifers (n = 120, yr 1, and n = 160, yr 2) were used to determine the effects of supplemental fat, differing in fatty-acid composition, on performance, plasma fatty-acid content, and reproduction of developing beef heifers. At 7 mo of age, heifers were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 supplements containing whole raw soybeans (SY); corn, soybean meal, and OmegaFlax (FLX); corn, soybean meal, and Energy Booster 100 (EB); or corn– soybean meal (CON). The SY, FLX, and EB supplements (FT) were formulated to have the same level of crude fat. The SY-supplemented heifers gained less (P = 0.04) BW than did FLX-supplemented heifers. The FT-supplemented heifers tended (P = 0.06) to gain more BW than did the heifers fed the CON supplement. The SY-supplemented heifers had greater (P

Effect of short-duration lipid supplementation on fat oxidation during exercise and cycling performance

The effect of intramyocellular lipids (IMCLs) on endurance performance with high skeletal muscle glycogen availability remains unclear. Previous work has shown that a lipid-supplemented high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet increases IMCLs while permitting normal glycogen loading. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fat supplementation on fat oxidation (Fox) and endurance performance. Twenty-two trained male cyclists performed 2 simulated time trials (TT) in a randomized crossover design. Subjects cycled at ∼53% maximal voluntary external power for 2 h and then followed 1 of 2 diets for 2.5 days: a high-CHO low-fat (HC) diet, consisting of CHO 7.4 g·kg(-1)·day(-1) and fat 0.5 g·kg(-1)·day(-1); or a high-CHO fat-supplemented (HCF) diet, which was a replication of the HC diet with ∼240 g surplus fat (30% saturation) distributed over the last 4 meals of the diet period. On trial morning, fasting blood was sampled and Fox was measured during an incremental exercise; a ∼1-h TT followed. Breath volatile compounds (VOCs) were measured at 3 time points. Mental fatigue, measured as reaction time, was evaluated during the TT. Plasma free fatty acid concentration was 50% lower after the HCF diet (p < 0.0001), and breath acetone was reduced (p < 0.05) "at rest". Fox peaked (∼0.35 g·kg(-1)) at ∼42% peak oxygen consumption, and was not influenced by diet. Performance was not significantly different between the HCF and HC diets (3369 ± 46 s vs 3398 ± 48 s; p = 0.39), nor were reaction times to the attention task and VOCs (p = NS for both). In conclusion, the short-term intake of a lipid supplement in combination with a glycogen-loading diet designed to boost intramyocellular lipids while avoiding fat adaptation did not alter substrate oxidation during exercise or 1-hour cycling performance.

The Effect of Fat Supplementation on Post-partum Dairy Cows in Bangladesh

Postpartum negative energy balance (NEB) in the dairy cattle is associated with delayed return to ovarian cyclicity and reduced fertility. Lactation significantly delayed postpartum follicular growth and ovulation. Low energy intake also had a delaying effect, especially when only the lactating animals were considered. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of fatty acid supplementation on postpartum dairy cows on the basis of daily milk yield, and glucose level, blood urea nitrogen level, progesterone level, and resumption of first estrus cycle after calving. For this experiment 10 post-partum dairy Pabna cows (locally popular) were taken. Among the cows 5 kept as controlled and rest of the 5 treated with essential fatty acid with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). There was no significant difference found in blood glucose level and blood urea nitrogen level, although in the treated group blood glucose level was higher (4.14mmol/L) than the controlled group (2.85mmol/L). However, those cows, that received fat supplemented feed, significantly produce (p

Effect of supplementation with different fat sources on the mechanisms involved in reproductive performance in lactating dairy cattle

Supplementary fat positively influences reproductive performance in dairy cattle, although the mechanisms involved are not clearly defined. Our objective was to determine the effects of four different fat supplements on follicle development, plasma steroid hormone concentrations and prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in lactating dairy cattle. Forty-eight early lactation Holstein-Friesian cows (21 primiparous, 27 multiparous) were used in a completely randomized block design. Cows were fed the same basal TMR diet and received one of four fat supplements: (i) palmitic acid (18:0 fatty acid; Control), (ii) flaxseed (rich in 18:3 n-3 fatty acid; Flax), (iii) conjugated linoleic acid (a mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers; CLA), and (iv) fish oil (rich in 20:5 and 22:6 n-3 fatty acids; FO). All lipid supplements were formulated to be isolipidic; palmitic acid was added as necessary to provide a total lipid supplement intake of 500 g/day. Cows were synchronized to be in estrus on Day 15 of dietary treatment. All antral follicles were counted, and dominant follicles, subordinate follicles and corpora lutea were measured daily via transrectal ovarian ultrasonography for one complete estrous cycle. Blood samples were collected daily, and selected samples were analyzed for progesterone, estradiol, insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin, cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids. Estrus was synchronized a second time, and liver and endometrial biopsies were collected on Day 7 of the estrous cycle. Gene expression was evaluated for a number of genes involved in prostaglandin synthesis (endometrium) and fatty acid uptake and utilization (liver). Fat supplementation had little effect on follicle development. Cows receiving supplementary n-3 fatty acids had lesser plasma progesterone (P4) and smaller corpora lutea than cows receiving the CLA or Control supplements. Effects of fat supplementation on the endometrial expression of genes involved in PG synthesis were minor. Hepatic expression of SREBF1, ASCL1 and FABP1 was reduced by FO supplementation. Reduced plasma P4 in n-3 supplemented cows may lead to a suboptimal uterine environment for embryo development and hence reduced fertility compared to cows receiving the control or CLA supplements.

The Effect of Fat Supplementation in Shami Goat Diets on Milk Production and Composition, Does Body Weight and Growth Performance of Their Suckling Kids

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding a dry fat source to Shami does on their milk production and composition, body weight change, weaning weight and average daily gain of their suckling kids. For this purpose we used thirty two multiparous Shami does weighing (47.43 +/- 1.38 kg) and randomly assigned into four dietary treatments in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) set. Does were housed with their suckling kids and fed one of four isonitrogenous total mixed rations containing 0, 2, 3 or 4% of dry fat. Milk production and milk fat content were higher (p < 0.05) for fat treated does, with no differences between 2% fat level and control group while there was no differences among groups in milk protein content. Final body weight of does was not affected by fat supplementation while body weight changes were higher (p < or = 0.05) for fat treated groups. Weaning weight and average daily gain of suckling kids were increased (p < or = 0.05) for fat treated does, with no differences between 2% fat level and control group. It is concluded that supplemental fat to does rations at 3 or 4% during their postpartum period can improve their milk production and milk fat content, as well as body weight change of does, weaning weight and average daily gain of suckling kids, without any effect on their milk protein content.

Effect of supplemental fat in low energy diets on some blood parameters and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks

This experiment evaluated the effects of two fat sources on performance, some blood parameters and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. One hundred and eighty day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments (three replicates of 12 birds per treatment). The experiment was performed as a completely random design (CRD) and birds were fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing no fat (control), 20 and 40 g soyabean oil, 20 and 40 g beef tallow/kg feed from 11 - 42 d of age. Food intake and body weight gain both increased significantly with supplemental level of both fat sources, the rate in food intake being higher with soyabean oil than with beef tallow. Feed conversion ratio decreased significantly with both sources in the period 29 – 42 d. Serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) contents were unaffected by dietary oil inclusion but cholesterol, high- (HDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein contents increased significantly with oil level. Serum glucose (GLU) content decreased significantly with increasing oil inclusion. In all cases the blood parameters responded significantly differently to the two supplemental fat sources with the rate of reduction in GLU, cholesterol and LDL, and the rate of increase in TG, HDL and VLDL being greater with soyabean oil than with beef tallow. Liver and abdominal fat percentages increased significantly with supplemental fat inclusion. The results indicate that supplementation of broiler diets with up to 40 g soyabean oil/kg feed significantly improved the performance and reduced serum cholesterol, LDL and abdominal fat in comparison with chicks receiving diets containing beef tallow.Keywords: Supplemental fat, low energy diet, blood parameters, broiler chicks