Effect Of Cross Rolling Research Articles

Effect of Cross-Rolling on the Hardness of the AlSi10Mg Alloy Fabricated through Powder Bed Fusion

Effect of Cross-Rolling on the Hardness of the AlSi10Mg Alloy Fabricated through Powder Bed Fusion

Effect of cross rolling on the microstructure and mechanical performance of a dual-phase structured Mg-8Li-6Zn-1Y (in wt.%) alloy

The microstructure and mechanical performance of the unidirectionally and cross-directionally rolled Mg-8Li-6Zn-1Y (in wt.%) sheets have been investigated and compared. It reveals that after the unidirectional rolling (UR), the broken I-phase particles are aggregated at the α-Mg/β-Li phase interfaces. However, the cross-rolling (CR) process can not only severely break the bulk I-phase, but also cause the obviously uniform distribution of I-phase particles in the matrix phases. Moreover, the average grain size of the CR samples is 3.61 μm and about 50% that of the UR samples. The maximum texture intensities of α-Mg and β-Li phases in the CR samples are slightly stronger than those in the UR samples. Tensile results demonstrate that the CR process can effectively enhance the tensile properties and remarkably reduce the mechanical anisotropy of the alloy. For the UR samples, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation ratio along the rolling direction (RD) are 164 MPa, 198 MPa, and 16.4%, whereas those along the transverse direction (TD) are 157 MPa, 185 MPa, and 22.0%, respectively. For the CR samples, their mechanical properties are basically the same and the mechanical anisotropy is almost eliminated. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation ratio along the cross-rolling direction 1 (CRD1) and 2 (CRD2) are respectively measured to be 181 MPa and 182 MPa, 220 MPa and 218 MPa, 20.6% and 20.7%. Failure analysis indicates that for the UR samples being tensile tested along the RD and TD, micro-cracks are preferentially initiated in the region of aggregated I-phase particles. For the CR samples being tensile tested along both two cross-rolling directions, the initiation of micro-cracks mainly occurs at the I-phase/matrix phase interfaces and in the interior of matrix phases.

Microstructure and texture development in CoCrNi medium entropy alloy processed by severe warm cross-rolling and annealing

The effect of cross-rolling on microstructure and texture evolution in equiatomic CoCrNi medium entropy alloy (MEA) was investigated in the present work. For this purpose, the MEA was warm-rolled to 90% reduction in thickness at 400 °C by unidirectional and different cross-rolling routes. The heavily deformed specimens were further annealed at temperatures varying from 700 °C to 1200 °C. The development of fine-scale microstructures and profuse shear band formation was confirmed in all the processed materials. Compared to unidirectional processed material, the different cross-rolled materials showed greater propensity for forming intersecting shear bands. Higher hardness in the different cross-rolled materials was consistent with finer microstructure and abundant shear bands. Unidirectional processed material showed weak brass ({110}<112>) component, whereas the different cross-rolled material showed rotated brass components. Upon annealing, the different cross-rolled materials showed smaller grain sizes than the unidirectional processed material due to more abundant potential nucleation sites. The recrystallization texture of the different processed materials showed retention of the deformation texture components. High fractions of random components indicated weak recrystallization texture, contributed by the absence of preferential nucleation and growth and profuse annealing twin formation.

Effects of cross rolling on multiple twinning and martensitic transformation in an austenitic steel

We compared deformation behaviors of AISI 304 stainless steel under cross rolling and unidirectional rolling in this study. Deformation twinning and martensitic transformation were mainly studied. Cross rolling showed two aspect effects. First, cross rolling effectively raised Schmid factors of twinning and concentrated their distributions, promoting multiple twinning. Three twinning systems were activated in 26% of grains of crossly rolled samples at 10% of the reduction, leading to a high hardness. This phenomenon was hardly found in unidirectionally rolled samples. Second, cross rolling increased intersectional sites of nanotwins, promoted α′ martensitic preferential nucleation, and then accelerated martensitic transformation. More α′ martensite was formed in samples rolled by cross rolling after 30% of the reduction.

Cross-rolling mediated microstructure and texture evolution in severely cold-rolled and annealed ultrafine pearlite

Effect of cross-rolling on the evolution of microstructure and texture in pearlite was investigated in the present work. For this purpose, near pearlitic steel was cold-rolled to 95% reduction by unidirectional cold-rolling (UCR) and different cross-rolling routes. The UCR processed material showed a predominantly lamellar structure, while the microstructure development in selected cross-rolled materials was featured by the presence of profuse shear bands and severely bent lamellae. While the UCR processed materials showed the presence of the typical RD (//〈110〉) and ND (//〈111〉) fibers, the texture formation in different cross-rolled materials was featured by the strong presence of a {001}〈110〉 component of the RD-fiber. The presence of the prominent {001}<110 > component could be explained by the stability of this component under cross-rolling. Recrystallization resulted in progressive spheroidization of the cementite. The pinning of the high angle boundaries by the cementite particles hindered the long-range migration of boundaries, thus inhibiting typical discontinuous recrystallization but favoring a recovery dominated softening process. The recrystallization textures in different cross-rolled materials were featured by the retention of deformation texture, namely the prominent {001}<110 > component of the RD-fiber, which amply corroborated a recovery dominated mechanism. Extended annealing resulted in the onset of abnormal grain growth in selected cross-rolled materials, which appeared to affect the microtexture, while the global texture remained mostly unaffected.

Effect of Cross Rolling on the Corrosion Resistance of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

The effect of different rolling methods on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy in a 3.5% NaCl solution was studied via potentiodynamic polarization scanning, constant current discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results show that the corrosion current densities of cross rolling and unidirectional rolling are 8.60�10-3 and 4.68�10-2 A/cm2, respectively. Their difference is 5.4fold, the charge transfer resistance of cross rolling is large, the corrosion of one-way rolling is more serious than that of cross rolling, the discharge performance of cross rolling is more stable, and the anode polarization is small. After cross rolling, the grain size of the plate is relatively uniform and the corrosion products are non-adherent and less, so it is easy to fall off from its surface, which increases the effective contact between the electrolyte and the alloy surface and has more stable discharge performance.

Effects of cross rolling on texture, mechanical properties and anisotropy of pure Mo plates

Abstract To clarify the influence of the deformation texture on the mechanical properties, pure Mo plates were processed by various cross rolling procedures, and the relation among texture, microstructure and mechanical properties was discussed. The results show that cross rolling of the Mo plates is beneficial for the formation of the rotated cube component, i.e., {001}〈110〉. The corresponding orientation density exhibits a positive correlation with the total rolling deformation and the current-pass deformation. When the total deformation is 96% or greater, the Mo plates form a texture orientation dominated by {001}〈110〉, whereas the γ-fibre texture becomes weaker and the cube texture {100}〈100〉 disappears completely. The presence of {001}〈110〉 has great effects on the properties of cross-rolled Mo plates, which is beneficial for strength enhancement and plasticity reduction in both the rolling direction (RD) and the transverse direction (TD).

Effect of cross rolling on the interface morphology and mechanical properties of ARBed AA1100/AA7075 laminated metal composites

The impact of strain path on microstructure and mechanical properties in AA1100/AA7075 laminated metal composite was investigated in present work. The results indicate that the plastic instabilities occurred in the hard layer can be inhibited effectively and the mechanical properties of the composite were improved obviously after the cross rolling (CR) process. The formation of continuous and straight interface was attributed to the difference in flow properties between the constituent layers was decreased after CR process. It is found that the strain path change during CR results in the typical rolling texture is shifted from the ideal Brass (110)<112> along the α-fiber to the near ND-rotated Brass (011)<755> component, promoting a better mechanical isotropy of the AA1100/AA7075 laminated metal composite. In addition, the Al/Al alloy laminated metal composite with continuous layer structure exhibits better load-bearing capacity in hard layers than the wave layer structure during deformation, which is a main reason for increasing of the strength.

Effect of cross-rolling on microstructure and texture evolution and tensile behavior of aluminium-copper-lithium (AA2195) alloy

The evolution of microstructure and crystallographic texture during thermo-mechanical processing and their effect on tensile behavior of Al-Cu-Li (AA2195) alloy were investigated in the present work. The initial hot rolled sheets were cold rolled by unidirectional rolling and cross-rolling. These sheets were annealed and imparted T6 (solution treatment + water quenching + aging) temper. Uni-directionally rolled samples exhibited typical copper texture which subsequently transformed to cube component after thermal treatment whereas, the cross-rolled sample exhibited brass texture which subsequently weakened upon thermal treatment. The difference in the precipitation characteristics resulted in transition from anisotropic to isotropic strength in cross rolled samples in heat treated condition. The strength anisotropy has been explained based on the average precipitation strengthening factor and accommodation tensor.

Effect of Cross-Rolling on Microstructure, Texture and Magnetic Properties of Non-Oriented Electrical Steels

Hot rolled non-oriented electrical steel samples were subjected to cold cross-rolling of 80 % reduction in thickness. The cross-rolled samples were then annealed at 650, 750 and 850 oC for 1 hr, 2 hrs and 4 hrs respectively. The role of cross-rolling on microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of the samples after annealing has been investigated. Two different samples were used for the present investigation - one had higher Al content (sample S1) while the other had higher C, Si, Mn, P and S content (sample S2). It was observed that the sample S1 had higher grain size compared to sample S2 after annealing. The cross-rolling was observed to be controlled the texture developments in the samples and it was found that the texture factor was identical in all directions of the sample. The core losses in the samples were found to be decreased with increasing grain size of the samples.

Effects of Cross-Rolling on Deformation Texture Evolution in Unalloyed Titanium

Unalloyed titanium was rolled with 20% reduction in each pass at 293 K using a cross rolling mill, where the upper and lower rolling axes were skewed each other at an angle of 0, 5 or 10 degree with parallel position. Multi-pass flat-rolling was carried out without any lubricants up to the true strain of 1, where two kinds of rolling directions such as tandem (uni-direction for all passes) and reverse (opposite direction in every passes) were adopted. The strain of specimens was increased proportionally as higher passes regardless of the rolling conditions. The transverse direction (TD) split deformation texture in titanium was generally developed under the cross angle of 0 degree. In the present strips of tandem, a main orientation was identified as (-12-18)[10-10]. In the case of tandem with the cross angle of 5 degree, a fiber texture was developed along (-12-18). That is the reason why a rotation in the rolling direction (RD) was overlapped. In the case of reverse with the cross angle of 5 degree, the main orientation was separated into [10-10] and [2-311] that were corresponded to TD and RD splits, respectively.

Effects of cross-rolling on residual stress, texture and plastic anisotropy in f.c.c. and b.c.c. metals

Abstract The results of crystallographic textures and residual stress measurement in cross-rolled low carbon ferrite steel and polycrystalline copper of commercial purity are presented. It was found that cross-rolling significantly modifies crystallographic texture, residual stresses, and finally the plastic strain anisotropy. The cross-rolling provides a tool to modify the final properties of the material.

Effect of pseudo cross-rolling on the recrystallization texture of a continuous cast Al–Mg alloy

The hot band of a continuous cast Al–Mg alloy was cold-rolled to different reductions along the original rolling direction and the original transverse direction, and then annealed at 399 °C for 3 h. The effect of the cross-rolling on recrystallization texture was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The cross-rolled sheet appears to be a continuous recrystallization texture transition from the cube component through the {4 0 7}〈7 3 4〉 component to the R component when the cross-rolling reduction increases from 0% to 91%.

クロス圧延加工後の&amp;alpha;&amp;prime; マルテンサイト&lt;br&gt;Ti-V系合金の結晶配向と機械的特性

The effects of cross rolling on the microstructure, crystallographic orientation and mechanical properties of α′ martensite (Ti-8mass%V)-4mass%Sn and (Ti-12mass%V)-2mass%Al alloys were examined. After cold rolling, the microstructure of acicular martensite evolved into a refined cell dislocation structure. On crystallographic orientation after cold rolling, the directional cold-rolled plate showed the preferred orientation with the basal plane inclined in the transverse direction (TD). In contrast, the cross cold-rolled plate at reductions of 30-31% for the first rolling direction (RD1) followed by cross rolling (RD2) at reductions greater than 40% showed a rolling texture, having the basal pole scattered within 30° around the normal direction (ND), by increasing cross rolling reduction. Accompanying such texture formation by cross rolling, the anisotropy of Young′s modulus in the rolling plane decreased with increasing cross rolling reduction.

The Effect of Cross Rolling on Texture and Magnetic Properties of Non Oriented Electrical Steels

The texture change due to a change of cold rolling direction and annealing temperature in the production of 0.6% Si steel sheet is described. Cross rolling results in a very strong (001) component, causing soft magnetic properties in a direction at 45 degrees of the rolling direction. The texture governing mechanism of the primary and secondary recrystallization was oriented growth. The influence of texture on magnetic properties could be shown by measuring the directional properties of the sheet. The correlation between hysteresis losses and induction with texture and grain size was quantified.

Ti-6Al-4V板の機械的性質におよぼす熱間圧延温度およびクロス圧延の影響

Ti-6Al-4V alloy was hot rolled in the β and α+β ranges, and the effects of cross rolling in the β range, rolling temperature and cross rolling in the α+β range on the tensile properties, bend properties, microstructures, anisotropy of hardness and the textures were examined.Hot rolling in the β range was carried out at the early rolling process. At the finishing rolling process the finishing temperature was fixed at 800°C by taking the amount of β-phase into consideration and the heating temperature was varied from 900 to 950°C. Tensile properties, bend properties, microstructures, hardness and textures were observed in the specimens subjected to the following processes: [(a)] straight rolling in the β range, followed by straight rolling in the α+β range [(b)] straight rolling in the β range, followed by cross rolling in the α+β range [(c)] cross rolling in the β range, followed by straight rolling in the α+β range [(d)] cross rolling in the β range, followed by cross rolling in the α+β range The results are as follows:(1) In this alloy the alignment of [0002] axes are observed not only in the normal direction but also in the rolling and transverse directions of the sheet. The sheet which was straight-rolled in the α+β range shows a higher pole intensity in the transverse direction than that in the rolling direction and a large planar anisotropy in the yield and tensile strengths. On the other hand, the sheet which was cross-rolled in the α+β range shows a nearly equal intensity in the rolling and transverse directions and little planar anisotropy in the yield and tensile strengths.(2) Thus, an adequate manufacturing process for this material is concluded to be a process that involves cross rolling at an appropriate temperature in the α+β range.

銅における立方体集合組織の形成について

Hot-rolled tough pitch copper specimens were cross-rolled to 10 through 30 pct at 45° to the primary rolling direction after developing (123)[1\={2}1] rolling texture. The effect of cross rolling on the formation of cube texture was investigated by examining the orientation relationship between the rolling texture and the annealing texture. Recrystallization nucleuses appeared in a early stage of recrystallization with large amount of retained deformed matrix, representing sharp cube orientation in the case of a 95 pct, straight-rolled specimen. As the reduction of cross rolling was increased, recrystallization nucleuses occurred at higher temperature and their orientation showed-greater spread from the cube orientation. It is difficult to account for these behaviors on the basis of the oriented-growth theory, but they agree precisely with the principle of the oriented-nucleation theory.