Effect Of Copper Nanoparticles Research Articles

Effects of chronic CuNPs treatment followed by termination for two spermatogenic cycles in the testicular functions of mice

The present study investigated the possible effects of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) after discontinuing treatment on testicular activity in a mouse model. The male mice were given continuous CuNPs treatment for 70 days and left untreated for 70 days. The results show that even after the discontinuation of CuNPs treatment, the testicular impairment was persistent till 140 days at a higher dose (200 mg/kg group). The spermatogenesis, sperm parameters, proliferation and antioxidant status were suppressed in the higher dose groups. However, these effects were also observed at moderate levels in the other CuNPs treated groups, such as at 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. The apoptosis was stimulated at a higher dose compared to the other groups. The testosterone, LH levels and AR expression were suppressed in all the CuNPs treated groups, along with slight elevation in the estrogen levels and up-regulated ERβ expression. The fertility data also showed a decline in all CuNPs treated groups with the lowest litter size in the 200 mg/kg treated group. Despite testis, epididymis and accessory sex organs like prostate, seminal vesicle, and vas deferens, histoarchitecture also showed impairment. This is the first report on how CuNPs affect the male reproductive system in mice even after treatment was terminated. The current study also demonstrated possible negative effects on male reproductive function that might last for longer at higher dosages of chronic CuNPs exposure even after termination.

Effects of copper nanoparticles on oxidative stress genes and their enzyme activities in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) are becoming increasingly prevalent in the environment due to their wide range of applications, posing potential threats to living organisms. Negative effects of Cu-NP exposure have been confirmed in many fish species, and they include disorders in the expression of oxidative stress genes and the activity of enzymes they encode. Common carp, known for its sensitivity to nanopollutants in water, serves as a valuable model organism for nanoparticle toxicity assessment. This study investigated the effects of specific Cu-NPs – copper nanopowder (Cu-NPs), colloidal copper nanoparticles (Cu), and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) – on gene expression and enzyme activity (GPX, CYP1A, HSP70, SOD, CAT) in C. carpio hatchlings, utilizing molecular biology tools and biochemical analyses. Results showed that Cu increased the expression of the hsp70 gene, Cu-NPs elevated the expression of the cyp1a and hsp70 genes, and CuO increased cyp1a expression. Conversely, sod and cat exhibited reduced expression across all samples (Cu, Cu-NPs, CuO). All Cu forms induced significant ROS accumulation and notable alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPX).

A hybrid RSA-IPA optimizer for designing an artificial neural network to study the Jeffery-Hamel blood flow with copper nanoparticles: Application to stenotic tapering artery

In this study, the effects of copper nanoparticles are taken into account to create a new hybrid metaheuristic for solving the nonlinear MHD Jeffery-Hamel blood flow problem. Since copper nanoparticles are effective in lowering the hemodynamics of stenosis, the subject has scientific and biological implications. The coupled partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations using suitable transformations. Considering an artificial neural network as a solution, the error function has been formed for the differential equations. A hybrid of the reptile search algorithm (RSA) and the interior point algorithm (IPA) is used to minimise the error function (≤10−05). The initial weights are first updated using the RSA algorithm (maximum 20 iterations), which is used as a tool for global search; later, IPA is used for quick local convergence. To validate the proposed technique’s accuracy, comparison studies are conducted using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and the hybrid PSO-IPA algorithm. Statistical analysis is provided using multiple performance indices to demonstrate the suggested approach’s precision, efficiency, and reliability. The research findings indicate that the outcomes achieved by the developed RSA-IPA technique exhibit superior performance compared to previously established methodologies, with an accuracy level of 10−04. The findings indicate that a rise in the volume fraction of cu-nanoparticles results in a decrease in the rate of blood flow. The research advances studies of blood flow in the medical sciences.

Effect of Copper Nanoparticles on the Flexural Strength of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resin.

The aim of this study was to investigate the flexural strength of heat cure acrylic resin reinforced with varying concentration copper nanoparticles. The study followed ISO 20795-1-2013 guidelines for estimating the flexural strength. Hundred samples of heat cure acrylic resin of dimension were fabricated. The study had five groups and each group had 20 samples. The samples were grouped as per the concentration of copper (Cu) nanoparticles in acrylic. Three-point bending flexural strength was evaluated with universal testing machine. The load was directed at the midpoint of the sample at a cross-sectional speed of 5 mm/min. The fractured load was recorded and flexural strength was estimated. The data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance and the post hoc test. The results displayed improved flexural strength in lower Cu concentrations. The increase in flexural strength was observed in 1% (78.38 MPa), 2% (73.08 MPa), and 3% (73.08 MPa) of Cu nanoparticles and it decreased beyond 3% increase in Cu nanoparticles. The tests were statistically insignificant (P <.05). The results concluded that the optimal concentration of Cu nanoparticles to be reinforced with heat cure PMMA is 1 gm. The flexural strength decreased with an increase in concentration of Cu nanoparticles.

Effects of copper nanoparticles on the organoleptic, physicochemical and nutraceutical properties of grafted tomato fruit

Effects of copper nanoparticles on the organoleptic, physicochemical and nutraceutical properties of grafted tomato fruit

The Effect of Copper Nanoparticles and a Different Source of Dietary Fibre in the Diet on the Integrity of the Small Intestine in the Rat

The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis regarding the effect of recommended (6.5 mg/kg) or enhanced (13 mg/kg) level of CuNPs in the diet in combination with different types of dietary fibre-cellulose (control), inulin, pectin or psyllium-on selected biological parameters of intestinal integrity in rats. Rats were randomly divided into 10 groups. The first two groups were fed a control diet that contained cellulose, and a mineral mixture with standard or enhanced content of CuCO3. Experimental groups were fed a diet supplemented with CuNPs (6.5 or 13 mg/kg) and combined with different types of fibre (cellulose, pectin, inulin or psyllium). After the feeding period, blood and small intestine samples were collected for further analysis. Replacing CuCO3 by CuNPs in the diet positively reduced the level of lactic acid and apoptosis markers in the small intestine; however, it also resulted in the intensification of DNA oxidation. The most beneficial effect on DNA repair mechanisms is related to inulin, while pectin has the greatest ability to inhibit inflammatory processes that induce the apoptotic death of cells in the small intestine. Our results suggest that dietary fibre supplementation protects the small intestine against potentially harmful, oxidative effects of CuNPs by intensifying the intestinal barrier.

Effect of Copper Nanoparticles in the Diet of WKY and SHR Rats on the Redox Profile and Histology of the Heart, Liver, Kidney, and Small Intestine.

The aim of this experiment was to test the effect of the partial or complete replacement of traditional CuCO3 in the diet of rats with copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) on the biochemical parameters, redox status, and histomorphometry of their tissues. Normotensive male Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY) were allocated to three groups. Three analogous groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were also formed. The WKY and SHR rats received copper in a standard daily dose—6.5 mg/kg CuCO3 or CuNPs (100% replacement) or 3.25 mg/kg CuCO3 plus 3.25 mg/kg CuNPs (50% replacement)—for 8 weeks. Next, blood, heart, small intestine, liver, and kidney samples were collected. The activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase and the content of creatinine and urea acid were measured in the plasma. The collected tissues were subjected to a histological evaluation, and redox status parameters (catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde and glutathione content) were determined. The replacement of CuCO3 with CuNPs in the diet may exacerbate the negative changes induced by hypertension in the heart, liver, and intestines. However, it seems that it is only in the case of the liver where the observed changes may be due to an increase in oxidative reactions resulting from the inclusion of CuNPs.

Development of a nano-based drilling fluid using copper nanoparticles for Upper Assam formations: rheological interpretation

Assam shelf holds a high prospective in hydrocarbon exploration and drilling in such areas would lead to economic growth of the country. The research aims to find the puissance of nano-based drilling fluids (NDF) in Upper Assam formations. Exploration of oil from the depleted reservoirs of Upper Assam has made advanced drilling techniques indispensable. The study presents its novelty by formulating a NDF using copper nanoparticles (CNPs) suitable in Upper Assam. Exorbitant cost of nanoparticles (NPs) has been dealt by resorting to in-house synthesis CNPs adopting the technique chemical reduction. Characterization of NPs involved Ultra Violet (UV) Visible Spectrophotometer where absorbance peaks occurred within 500–650 nm, particle size analyzer where average size was 11.2 nm and Fourier transform infrared transform. Effect of CNPs on 2% bentonite drilling mud was analyzed by increasing CNPs concentration from 10% to 50% by mass and effect with increasing temperature, pressure and salinity on optimized mud has been detailed. Around 10% CNPs were effective in water-based drilling fluid. High pressure high temperature analysis indicates an enhanced rheological property as compared to the properties obtained at ambient temperature and pressure, although no change in properties were observed after 120–130 °C.

Effect of copper nanoparticles on thermal behavior of two-phase argon-copper nanofluid flow in rough nanochannels with focusing on the interface properties and heat transfer using molecular dynamics simulation

A comparison between the efficacy of surface boundary structure and presence of nanoparticles on the condensation two-phase flow inside rough nanochannels has been accomplished by applying molecular dynamics procedure to evaluate the thermal conductivity and flow characteristics. Simulation is performed in a computational region with two copper walls containing rectangular rough elements under different saturated temperatures. The main properties of liquid-vapor interface including density and the number of liquid atoms, are obtained. It is observed that the density profile is more affected by nanoparticles than the roughness. Also, compared to the condensation of nanofluid in a smooth nanochannel, the rough wall causes a greater drop in the temperature at the early time steps and by development of liquid films, effects of the wall roughness reduce. At the first of the condensation process, adding nanoparticle causes that transferring argon particles to the liquid phase increases with a steeper slope. Furthermore, HCACF for nanofluid condensation flow over considered correlation time is analyzed and following that the thermal conductivity for different saturated conditions is calculated. It has been represented that at lower temperatures the roughness makes more significant influence on the heat transfer of two-phase flow, while at higher temperatures the importance of nanoparticles prevails.

Effect of copper nanoparticles and copper ions on the architecture of rainbow trout olfactory mucosa

Olfactory epithelial cells are in direct contact with myriad environmental contaminants which may consequently disrupt their structure and function. Copper ions (Cu2+) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are two types of olfactory neurotoxicants. However, their effects on the structure of olfactory epithelium are largely uninvestigated. The density of olfactory goblet cells in CuNP- and Cu2+ - exposed rainbow trout was assessed using light microscopy throughout time. In both copper (Cu) treatments, the number of goblet cells increased initially over the 24 h exposure and then recovered to normal throughout the 96 h exposure. These data suggested the 96 h exposure to Cu contaminants interfered with protective barrier provided by goblet cells. Nonetheless, lamellar and epithelial thickness of olfactory rosette did not change in the Cu-exposed fish. The gene transcript profile of olfactory mucosa studied by RNA-seq indicated Cu2+ and CuNPs differentially targeted the molecular composition of cell junctions. In the Cu2+ treatment, reduced mRNA abundances of tight junctions, adherens junction, desmosomes and hemidesmosomes, suggest that Cu2+-exposed olfactory mucosal cells had weak junctional complexes. In the CuNP treatment, on the other hand, the transcript abundances of cell junction compositions, except adherens junction, were upregulated. Transcripts associated with gap junctional channels were increased in both Cu treatments. The elevated transcript levels of gap junctions in both Cu treatments suggested that the demand for intercellular communication was increased in the Cu-exposed olfactory mucosa. Overall, our findings suggested that Cu2+ induced greater adverse effects on the molecular composition of olfactory cell junctions relative to CuNPs. Impairment of junctional complexes may disrupt the structural integrity of olfactory mucosa.

Effects of Copper Nanoparticles on mRNA and Small RNA Expression in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells.

With the advancement of nanotechnology, nanoparticles are widely used in many different industrial processes and consumer products. Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) are among the most toxic nanomaterials. We investigated Cu NPs toxicity in Human Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells by examining signaling pathways, and microRNA/mRNA interactions. We compared the effects of exposures to Cu NPs at various concentrations and CuCl₂ was used as a control. The number of differentially expressed mRNA did not follow a linear dose-response relationship for either Cu NPs or CuCl₂ treatments. The most significantly altered genes and pathways by Cu NPs exposure were NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2)-mediated oxidative stress response, protein ubiquitination, Tumor protein p53 (p53), phase I and II metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant proteins and phase III detoxifying gene pathways.Messenger RNA-microRNA interaction from MicroRNA Target Filter Analyses revealed more signaling pathways altered in Cu NPs treated samples than transcriptomics alone, including cell proliferation, DNA methylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, autophagy, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, tumorigenesis, extracellular matrix/angiogenesis and protein synthesis. In contrast, in the control (CuCl₂) treated samples showed mostly changes in inflammation mainly through regulation of the Nuclear Factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of Activated B-cells (NFκB). Further, some RNA based parameters that showed promise as biomarkers of Cu NPs exposure including both well and lesser known genes: heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), heat shock protein, c-Fos proto-oncogene, DNA methyltransferases, and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM, part of the glutathione synthesis pathway). The differences in signaling pathways altered by the Cu NPs and CuCl₂ treatments suggest that the effects of the Cu NPs were not the results of nanomaterial dissolution to soluble copper ions.

New insights into mechanisms of copper nanoparticle toxicity in freshwater algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Effects on the pathways of secondary metabolites

The effects of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs), including their stability in the medium, were studied with the green unicellular algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CC-125). Cu-NPs were synthesized and characterized. Cu-NP particles were uniform, regular, and largely spherical, and they had smooth surfaces; the average size was estimated to be 137.4 ± 2.1 nm. Chlamydomonas cells were cultivated for 96 h under controlled conditions in the presence of Cu-NPs, according to OECD guidelines, and then subjected to toxicological bioassays. Based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, the effects of Cu-NPs resulted in part from the dissolution of nanoparticles (NPs) and the action of copper itself, which shows the importance of studying NP stability in the testing environment. In this assay, deleterious effects were enhanced by increasing Cu-NP concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L). Concentrations higher than 25 mg/L exhibited extreme toxicity. We confirmed the known toxic effects of metal NPs, namely, growth inhibition, reduction of chlorophyll levels in cells, cell penetration and increased ROS production. Attention was also paid to select underexplored metabolites, which were studied with a LC-MS/MS system. Treatments caused changes in metabolites profiles, and levels of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and protocatechuic acid were especially enhanced, suggesting their positive roles in the antioxidant defence response. Furthermore, a repeatable increase in suberic acid levels was observed for various stress conditions tested, and we expect that this was the result of lipid peroxidation.

Effects of copper nanoparticles on elastic and thermal properties of conductive polymer nanocomposites

Metallic nanoparticles are extensively used to enhance the thermal and electrical conductivity of polymer nanocomposites. However, despite many experimental studies on such composite materials, their computational analysis has remained unexplored to a large extent. In this study, we investigate the effects of cylindrical and spherical copper nanoparticles on the mechanical and thermal properties of polyethylene matrix using molecular dynamics and finite element methods. To calculate the density of the interphase zone and consequently, its elastic and thermal properties, LAMMPS package is used considering AIREBO, EAM, and Lennard‐Jones potential functions to model the interactions between nanocomposite components. Afterward, three-dimensional finite element modeling is done to obtain Young's modulus and thermal conductivity of the studied nanocomposites for different geometries, orientations, and volume fractions of nano-fillers. The results reveal that reinforcing polymer with copper nanofillers improves its thermal conductivity and elastic modulus, remarkably. Besides, nanoparticles with cylindrical geometry and [1 1 1] axial crystallographic orientation have a greater effect on the enhancement of properties than other orientations or spherical nanoparticles. Furthermore, the orientation of the nanoparticles inside the matrix in the direction of applied force and heat flux has the greatest impact on improving the properties of polymers compared to the other directions.

ANTI-CANCER POTENTIAL OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AGAINST MURINE MAMMARY ADENOCARCINOMA (AMN-3) CELLS

This study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of copper nanoparticles in murine adenocarcinoma cells (AMN-3). The exposure period of cell line was performed at 24 hr in a microtitration plate under complete sterile conditions. Different concentrations were used started from 0.39 μgmL-1to 50 μgmL-1 in three independent experiments. First, the cells were stained by MTT and the absorbance were measured using Elisa reader at 492 nm. The treatment with nanoparticles showed a significant inhibition (P&lt; 0.05) on cells and the effect was concentration dependent, the highest inhibition was 88% at 50 μgmL-1, while was 15% at 0.39 μgmL-1 and the inhibitory concentration 50 was 1.5 μgmL-1. The cell death was evaluated in cell line after a treatment with CUNPs through two types of assessments, which were mitochondrial membrane potential assay and acridine orange- ethidium bromide dual staining assays. Results revealed that the tested substances showed a potent inhibitory cytotoxic effect against the proliferation of AMN-3 cells through apoptosis.

Assessment of the biological effect of Cu nanoparticles impregnated in polyethylene medical devices combined with the effect of LED radiation of the red and violet spectra on the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms and on daily biofilms

For many years scientists around the world have been looking for an alternative to antibiotics due to rapidly growing level of resistance to them. LED light of various spectra and metal nanoparticles are considered as a promising alternative to antibiotics. In this work, we determined the complex effect of copper nanoparticles impregnated in high-pressure polyethylene and non-woven material with the effect of red and violet LED radiation on the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms and on already formed daily biofilms.

The effects of copper nanoparticles and cold atmospheric plasma on biochemical indices of Dracocephalum moldavica

The effects of copper nanoparticles and cold atmospheric plasma on biochemical indices of Dracocephalum moldavica

Free Radical Scavenging and Cytotoxic Effect of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesised Using Nutmeg Oleoresin

Free Radical Scavenging and Cytotoxic Effect of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesised Using Nutmeg Oleoresin

Abatement of the Stimulatory Effect of Copper Nanoparticles Supported on Titania on Ovarian Cell Functions by Some Plants and Phytochemicals.

The application of nanoparticles has experienced a vertiginous growth, but their interaction with food and medicinal plants in organisms, especially in the control of reproduction, remains unresolved. We examined the influence of copper nanoparticles supported on titania (CuNPs/TiO2), plant extracts (buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and vitex (Vitex agnus-castus)), phytochemicals (rutin and apigenin), and their combination with CuNPs/TiO2 on ovarian cell functions, using cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Cell viability, proliferation (PCNA accumulation), apoptosis (accumulation of bax), and hormones release (progesterone, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol) were analyzed by the Trypan blue test, quantitative immunocytochemistry, and ELISA, respectively. CuNPs/TiO2 increased cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and testosterone but not progesterone release, and reduced the 17β-estradiol output. Plant extracts and components have similar stimulatory action on ovarian cell functions as CuNPs/TiO2, but abated the majority of the CuNPs/TiO2 effects. This study concludes that (1) CuNPs/TiO2 can directly stimulate ovarian cell functions, promoting ovarian cell proliferation, apoptosis, turnover, viability, and steroid hormones release; (2) the plants buckwheat and vitex, as well as rutin and apigenin, can promote some of these ovarian functions too; and (3) these plant additives mitigate the CuNPs/TiO2’s activity, something that must be considered when applied together.

Copper-loaded SBA-15 Silica with Improved Electron Mobility-Conductance and Capacitance Properties

The effects of copper nanoparticles (CuNP) dispersion on the optical and electrical properties of mesoporous SBA-15 like silica were investigated. Full characterization of the resulting SBA-15-Cu through X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), diffuse reflectance (DRS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed marked changes in the structure properties after copper incorporation. Slight decrease in the optical band gap energy in the SBA-15-Cu was also noticed. The shifts towards higher wavelengths are attributed to change in the acceptor capacity level induced by iron nanoparticles. Measurements of Z' and Z" in temperature showed an improvement in proton mobility of SBA-15-Cu. Deeper insights in the capacitance and conductance by impedance spectroscopy measurements over a wide range of frequencies at various temperatures suggest that CuNPs interaction with SBA-15 surface and silanol deprotonation can be, at least partly, responsible for conductance improvement. The above properties make these materials to be regarded as efficient materials for potential applications in electronics.

Effect of copper nanoparticles on biological wastewater treatment

Effect of copper nanoparticles on biological wastewater treatment