Effect Of Boron Deficiency Research Articles

Effect of boron deficiency on the photosynthetic performance of sugar beet cultivars with contrasting boron efficiencies.

Boron (B) deficiency severely affects the quality of sugar beet production, and the employment of nutrient-efficient varieties for cultivation is a crucial way to solve environmental and resource-based problems. However, the aspect of leaf photosynthetic performance among B-efficient sugar beet cultivars remains uncertain. The B deficient and B-sufficient treatments were conducted in the experiment using KWS1197 (B-efficient) and KWS0143 (B-inefficient) sugar beet cultivars as study materials. The objective of the present study was to determine the impacts of B deficiency on leaf phenotype, photosynthetic capacity, chloroplast structure, and photochemical efficiency of the contrasting B-efficiency sugar beet cultivars. The results indicated that the growth of sugar beet leaves were dramatically restricted, the net photosynthetic rate was significantly decreased, and the energy flux, quantum yield, and flux ratio of PSII reaction centers were adversely affected under B deficiency. Compared to the KWS0143 cultivar, the average leaf area ratio of the KWS1197 cultivar experienced less impact, and its leaf mass ratio (LMR) increased by 26.82% under B deficiency, whereas for the KWS0143 cultivar, the increase was only 2.50%. Meanwhile, the light energy capture and utilization capacity of PSII reaction centers and the proportion of absorbed light energy used for electron transfer were higher by 3.42% under B deficiency; KWS1197 cultivar managed to alleviate the photo-oxidative damage, which results from excessive absorbed energy (ABS/RC), by increasing the dissipated energy (DIo/RC). Therefore, in response to B deprivation, the KWS1197 cultivar demonstrated greater adaptability in terms of morphological indices and photosynthetic functions, which not only explains the improved performance but also renders the measured parameters as the key features for varietal selection, providing a theoretical basis for the utilization of efficient sugar beet cultivars in future.

Effect of boron deficiency on anatomical structure and chemical composition of petioles and photosynthesis of leaves in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

The main symptom of boron (B) deficiency in cotton is the formation of brown rings on leaf petioles. The objective of the present study was to determine the changes in the anatomical structure and chemical composition of petioles and photosynthesis of leaves in cotton under B deficiency. Compared to the control, B deficiency treatment resulted in large increases in the number of petioles with brown rings per plant (160.0%) and the number of rings on the petiole per functional leaf (711.1%) in cotton seedlings. The relative absorbance intensity in the fingerprint region of polysaccharide structure was decreased in petiole rings under B deficiency, while lignin contents were increased. Cotton plants mitigated the impairment of transport function in cotton petioles by increasing the areas of vascular bundles, phloem, xylem, and phloem fiber. Moreover, the stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate in leaves were significantly decreased under B deficiency, thus impeding photosynthesis in cotton plants. Therefore, B deficiency reduces transport function in petioles and photosynthesis in leaves, and leads to the formation of noticeable brown rings on petioles of cotton seedlings.

Effect of boron deficiency on photosynthesis and antioxidant responses of young tea plantlets

Boron (B) deficiency is prevalent in the soils of tea growing regions of India. In order to investigate the physico-chemical alterations associated with B deficiency in tea ((Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, cv. T-78) plants, young plantlets were treated with boric acid (H3BO3) at 0, 2.5, and 5 μM for 8 weeks. B-scarcity decreased the photosynthetic rate (P n), stomatal conductance (g s), and transpiration (E) alongside chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), and carotenoids (Car). Superoxide anion (O 2 ·− ), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation and electrolyte leakage were elevated in B-deprived plants. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7), and superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) were increased in B-deficient plants. Simultaneously, transcripts of the antioxidant enzymes were up-regulated under B deficiency. By and large, the results suggest that B deficiency intensifies ROS generation but the antioxidant system does not provide for an adequate protection from oxidative damage.

Effect of Boron Deficiency on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Responses of Young Tea Plantlets

Effect of Boron Deficiency on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Responses of Young Tea Plantlets

Distribuição de nutrientes e sintomas visuais de deficiência de boro em raízes de coqueiro-anão verde

As raízes, geralmente, são os primeiros órgãos das plantas a apresentarem sintomas de deficiência de B. Plantas de grande porte são difíceis de serem manipuladas experimentalmente a fim de diagnosticar os efeitos das deficiências minerais em seus sistemas radiculares. Neste experimento, objetivou-se elucidar o efeito da deficiência de B na formação de raízes de diferentes diâmetros e na acumulação de nutrientes, bem como caracterizar sintomas visuais da deficiência de B em raízes de coqueiro-anão verde. Foram aplicados os seguintes tratamentos: solução nutritiva completa (+B) e solução nutritiva sem B (-B), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições. A unidade experimental constou de uma planta em um vaso plástico com 90 L de areia de praia purificada. Até o 60º dia após o transplante (4/3/2006), todas as plantas receberam solução nutritiva completa. No 61º dia depois do transplante, aplicaram-se os tratamentos citados. Decorridos 513 dias da indução da deficiência, coletaram-se as raízes (1/6/2007); após o processo de lavagem, as raízes foram então separadas em três diâmetros: finas (< 1 mm), médias (1 a 5 mm) e grossas (> 5 mm). Depois da separação, imergiram-se as raízes em água várias vezes para retirada da areia e, finalmente, elas foram lavadas em água desionizada. Após secagem em estufa, determinou-se a massa seca de cada tipo de raiz e, posteriormente, os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. Os resultados indicaram que os maiores teores de N, P, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn foram encontrados nas raízes finas do coqueiro em ambos os tratamentos, porém os de K foram maiores nas raízes grossas. A deficiência de B aumentou os teores de N, P e K em todas as raízes, os teores de Mg, S, Cu e Zn nas raízes finas, mas não afetou os teores de Ca, Fe e Mn. A deficiência de B reduziu a produção de raízes totais e finas em 29,7 e 48,3 %, respectivamente, e promoveu o engrossamento e escurecimento das raízes com ramificações curtas; as pontas das raízes necrosaram, causando superbrotamento radicular.

Effect of Boron Deficiency on Some Physiological and Biochemical Aspects During the Developmental Stages of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant

Effect of Boron Deficiency on Some Physiological and Biochemical Aspects During the Developmental Stages of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant

Effect of Boron Deficiency on Growth, Yield and Contents of Protein and Fat in Grains of Soybean (Glycine max)

Effect of Boron Deficiency on Growth, Yield and Contents of Protein and Fat in Grains of Soybean (Glycine max)

Essentiality of Boron for Symbiotic Dinitrogen Fixation in Pea (Pisum sativum) Rhizobium Nodules.

The effect of boron deficiency on symbiotic nitrogen fixation in pea (Pisum sativum) was examined. The absence of boron in the culture medium resulted in a decrease of the number of nodules and an alteration of nodule development leading to an inhibition of nitrogenase activity. Examination of boron-deficient nodules showed dramatic changes in cell walls and in both peribacteroid and infection thread membranes, suggesting a role for boron in the stability of these structures. These results indicate that boron is a requirement for normal nodule development and functionality.

Effect of Boron Deficiency on Photosynthesis and Reductant Sources and Their Relationship with Nitrogenase Activity in Anabaena PCC 7119

Nitrogenase activity of Anabaena PCC 7119 is inhibited under conditions of boron deficiency. To elucidate the mechanisms of this inhibition, this study examined how the deficiency of boron affected photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments, the enzymes of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and respiration of Anabaena PCC 7119 cultures. After 24 to 48 hours of boron deficiency, reductions in photosynthetic O(2) evolution and in CO(2) fixation were observed. At the same time, the activities of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway enzymes and respiration increased significantly with boron deficiency. No change was observed in these processes when assays were performed after 4 to 6 hours of deficiency, a time at which nitrogenase activity was severely inhibited. These results suggest that the requirement for boron in N(2) fixation is independent of its effects on photosynthesis and reductant supply.

Effects of Boron Deficiency on 86Rubidium Uptake and Photosynthesis in the Diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis

Culturing the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis under boron-deficient conditions leads to changes in (86)Rb uptake and photosynthesis prior to any effect on the rate of cell division. The influx rate of (86)Rb into boron-deficient cells was 79% of the control rate after 5 to 5.5 hours culture. Despite lowered (86)Rb influx, however, boron-deficient diatoms accumulated more (86)Rb than did control cells; this was due to the deficient cells' lower efflux rate. After 24 hours culture, boron-deficient cells had accumulated 30% more (86)Rb than had control cells, while releasing (86)Rb at only one-half the control rate. Increased photosynthetic rates were another effect of boron deficiency during this early stage of culture. Prior to 20 hours boron-deficient culture, diatoms had photosynthetic rates 37% greater than those of control cells. Corresponding to the increase in photosynthesis, boron-deficient diatoms had 12% more carbohydrate than control cells after 16 hours culture.

Anatomical responses of root tips to boron deficiency I. Effects of boron deficiency on elongation of root tips and their morphological characteristics

Abstract Effects of boron deficiency on the elongation of root tips of tomato and sunflower seedlings were investigated and the morphological responses of root tips were discussed. The primary effect of boron deficiency was the rapid cessation of root elongation followed by browning and some morphological changes in the root tips, such as abnormal enlargement and dense appearance of lateral roots. Root elongation was extremely inhibited within 3 hr after the plants were placed in boron-free media and the lack of boron in the nutrient solution for 72 hr or more caused the root tips to suffer necrosis. The rapid cessation of root elongation was characteristic in boron deficiency and calcium deficiency among several essential element deficiencies which were tested. Differences between boron and calcium deficiency symptoms were discussed in relation to the morphological characteristics of the root tips.

Effect of boron deficiency on polyphenol production in the sunflower

Sunflower plants deficient in boron have been found to accumulate at least two major blue-fluorescing compounds. One of these has been identified as scopolin, and the other has been shown to be a glucose derivative of gentisic acid. Esculin, isoquercitrin, and scopoletin have also been identified for the first time in sunflowers.

Effect of Boron Deficiency on Nicotine Formation in Tobacco.

Effect of Boron Deficiency on Nicotine Formation in Tobacco.

Effect of Alternating Conditions of Boron Nutrition upon Growth and Boron Content of Grape Vines in Sand Culture

The effect of boron deficiency upon the growth and fruiting of the grape under field conditions has previously been reported by the author (9, 10). The field investigations led to further studies under controlled conditions; thus the present paper is concerned with the development of symptoms of boron deficiency and the accumulation arid translocation of boron in the vine under alternating levels of boron nutrition of grape vines in sand culture.

Effect of Boron Deficiency on the Soluble Nitrogen and Carbohydrate Content of Alfalfa1

Effect of Boron Deficiency on the Soluble Nitrogen and Carbohydrate Content of Alfalfa¹