Effect Of Alkaline Treatment Research Articles

Effect of Alkaline Treatment on Bacteriochlorophyll a, Quinones and Energy Transfer in Chlorosomes from Chlorobium tepidum and Chlorobium phaeobacteroides

Effect of Alkaline Treatment on Bacteriochlorophyll a, Quinones and Energy Transfer in Chlorosomes from Chlorobium tepidum and Chlorobium phaeobacteroides

Effect of alkaline treatments at various temperatures on cellulase and biomass production using submerged sugarcane bagasse fermentation with Trichoderma reesei QM 9414

Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 was cultured to produce cellulase and biomass using as substrates untreated bagasse (non-alkali-treated bagasse washed with distilled water), and bagasse alkali-treated at room temperature and at 100°C, washed with water at pH 2. Avicel (microcrystalline cellulose) was used as a control substrate. When untreated bagasse and bagasse alkali-treated at room temperature were used, appreciable cellulase activity was found (0.085 and 0.090 IU/ml, respectively), but activity was lower than when Avicel was used (0.163 IU/ml). Enzyme yields were 16, 19 and 22 IU/g cellulose consumed, respectively. Cellulase activity was not detected when bagasse alkali-treated at 100°C was used. The biomass yield was about 30% lower when bagasse was used as a substrate than when Avicel was used. The yield was higher when bagasse was alkali-treated than when untreated bagasse was used, although the difference was small. The biomass yield was 0.78 g biomass per g cellulose consumed for alkali-treated bagasse at room temperature versus 0.50 g/g for bagasse alkali-treated at 100°C, 0.57 g/g for untreated bagasse and 0.67 g/g for Avicel. It was concluded that untreated bagasse is as good a substrate for cellulase and biomass production as bagasse alkali-treated at room temperature.

Effects of Alkaline Treatment on Dissolved Carbohydrates in Suspensions of Norway Spruce Thermomechanical Pulp

Abstract The effects of alkaline treatment on dissolved carbohydrates in suspensions of Norway spruce thermomechanical pulp (TMP) were studied by agitating 1% consistency TMP suspensions at different pH values (5.4 to 12) for 3 h at 60°, followed by acidification and centrifugation to obtain water samples for analysis. It was found that at pH values above 8, dissolved galactoglucomannans were deacetylated, resulting in their substantial adsorption onto the TMP. Galacturonans began to dissolve from the TMP at pH values greater than 8. The amount of arabinogalactans apparently remained constant throughout the various alkaline treatments. At pH values above 10, arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)xylans began to dissolve from the TMP. The amount of dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS), measured by TOC, could be substantially decreased by alkaline treatment of filtrate from the 1% consistency suspension, followed by acidification and remixing the filtrate with its original pulp. At 10 m3/t specific water consump...

Effect of alkaline treatment (‘akanwu’) and supplementary value of corn or crayfish on the protein quality of breadfruit (Treculia Africana)

The effect of treatment and supplementary value of corn (C) or crayfish (CR) on the protein quality of breadfruit (Treculia Africana) flours were studied in eighteen young rats. The 70:30 or 70:15:15 (Protein basis) combinations of breadfruit flours and corn or crayfish or both provided 1.6 g N/100 g diet for the 35 day study. The addition of 'akanwu' to the cooking water reduced cooking time and crude protein and saved fuel. The addition of 'akanwu' and replacement of CR with C was not beneficial as judged by the parameters tested except for the wt. gain and PER. On the other hand, when crayfish was the only source of supplementary protein (30%) to breadfruit cooked without 'akanwu' there were increases in all parameters tested over those with added 'akanwu' except for the N intake, wt. gain, and PER. These results appear to suggest that addition of 'akanwu' to TA was detrimental to its protein utilization and that TA appears to be an economic source of N in areas where it is a staple. Based on the results of this study, one would suggest that the use of 'akanwu' as a tenderizer should be seriously looked into before further use.

Effect of Alkaline Treatment on the Dispersibility of Soy Protein Isolates and Properties of Milk Clots formed from Nonfat Milk and Treated Soy Protein Mixtures

ABSTRACTDispersibility of soy protein isolates was improved by adjusting pH to 12 and acidifying to pH 6.5. Alkaline treated isolates added to reconstituted nonfat milk reduced rennet induced coagulum firmness and syneresis more than did untreated soy protein isolates. Treated soy protein added to reconstituted nonfat dry milk reduced coagulum firmness and syneresis more than untreated soy protein. Soy protein interference with coagulum firmness and syneresis increased with an increase in pH becoming most severe at pH values above 11. Adjusting the pH of reconstituted NFDM in the absence of soy protein to pH 8 and holding for 30 min before adjusting it back to pH 6.5 had no effect on coagulum firmness or syneresis. However, higher pH treatments (pH 10 and above) caused reduction in coagulum firmness and in syneresis.

The effects of alkaline treatment on short‐term maximal exercise

Abstract The effects of alkalosis on submaximal and maximal exercise performance of a relatively long duration have been investigated previously. The present study examined the effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on cycling performance of the 30 s Wingate Anaerobic Test using 13 male physical education students. Three hours prior to exercise, subjects ingested either table salt (control) or sodium bicarbonate (alkalosis) of equimolar dosage (10 and 13 g, respectively) in capsule form. Biopsies were taken from the m. vastus lateralis for determination of muscle fibre composition. Resting blood pH was 7.43±0.01 (mean±s.e.) for the alkaline condition versus 7.37 + 0.01 for the control condition (P < 0.01). Mean power output increased significantly (P<0.05) following alkaline treatment. Peak power output was not affected. No relationship was found between fibre type distribution and sensitivity to the alkaline treatment. The increased alkali reserve reduced mean post‐exercise acidosis by 0.05 pH units (P<...

Single-cell protein low in nucleic acids by alkaline treatment

The effect of alkaline treatment on nucleic acid content and in vitro dry matter digestibility of C. utilis NRRL Y-660 has been evaluated using sodium and ammonium hydroxides for the treatment and finding the former preferable. Total dry matter and true protein recovery are also reported.

Effect of alkaline treatment on vaccinia virus

Effect of alkaline treatment on vaccinia virus

Effect of alkaline treatment on vaccinia virus

Effect of alkaline treatment on vaccinia virus

The Covalent Reactions of Primary Amino Side‐chains and Disulphide Bonds in Wool Keratin

Previous work on the reactions of different types of reactive dyes with wool is reassessed and new jindings presented. The decrease in reactivity of basic wool side chains to reaction with 1:fluoro:2:4 dinitrobenzene after wool has been dyed with acidic or reactive dyes is further investigated. New and previous correction factors measuring the extent of this inactivation are compared. Using such corrections, the extent of actual covalent binding of reactive dyes to basic wool side chains is determined. Applying these corrections gives reasonable stoichiometry in the dye‐fibre reaction. The extent of reaction of thiols, basic and hydroxyl groups in wool with five reactive dyes of different classes has been measured, and compared for two dyeing methods (long‐liquor and urea pad‐batch). The differences and similarities in the extent and type of reaction of the dyes with the fibre sites, using the two methods of application, is discussed. The role of disulphide degradation in reactive dyeing is further investigated. The effect of alkaline treatments on the fixation of reactive dyes, and the availability of wool lysine side‐chains for reaction (in the urea pad‐batch dyeing system) is reported upon.

51—THE SOLUBILITY OF WOOL IN UREA BISULPHITE SOLUTIONS AND ITS USE AS A MEASURE OF FIBRE MODIFICATION—PART II

Results are given showing the effect of dyeing treatment, setting, dry heat and exposure to light on the urea-bisulphite solubility of wool. The effect of alkaline treatment on urea-bisulphite solubility has been further examined and related to changes in lanthionine sulphur content and in rate of dyeing.