Educational Intervention Program Research Articles

Necessity of Fire Safety Measure Intervention among Garment Workers

Background: Providing Bangladesh with low-cost garment industries has had terrible results, including fires and building collapses that have claimed lives and injured hundreds of employees. Objective: This study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of educational intervention programs in increasing fire safety measures among garment workers. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted among purposively selected 160 garment workers with a semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews from 1st January to 31st December, 2021 in a factory situated in Narayanganj district. Results: Before the educational intervention, about one-third (29.4%) of respondents had a strong awareness of fire safety; after the intervention, that number increased to 92.5%. All of them (100.0%) had clear knowledge about fire alarms and fire extinguishers after the intervention. After the intervention, the percentage of people who needed sufficient training for fire safety measures improved from 70.6% to 95.6%. Conclusion: The results show that there is a critical need for safety intervention in the sector, which may include safety training for industry workers and health education to reduce the number of fatalities, disabilities, and societal financial burdens. Mediscope 2023;10(2): 50-55

The Effectiveness of Improving Infectious Disease-Specific Health Literacy Among Residents: WeChat-Based Health Education Intervention Program.

Infectious disease-specific health literacy (IDSHL) has become an important determinant of infectious disease incidence. It can not only reduce the incidence of re-emerging infectious diseases, but also effectively prevent the emergence of new infectious diseases such as COVID-19. WeChat, as a new media, has been proven to greatly reduce the chance of infectious diseases spreading from person to person, especially in case of respiratory infections. However, there is currently no concrete health education invention program to improve IDSHL using a WeChat public account. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to determine the IDSHL of the population in Zhejiang, China; (2) to develop a health education program for the improvement of IDSHL using a WeChat public account; and (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of the health education program that was implemented in the prevention of infectious disease outbreaks. We used a standardized questionnaire, which consisted of 28 closed-ended questions, to measure the level and score of IDSHL before and after intervention. A multiple-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to select study participants from Zhejiang province in China, who were further divided randomly into 2 groups: the intervention and control groups. From July 2014 to January 2015, a WeChat-based health education intervention program was carried out on the intervention group. Standard descriptive statistics and chi-square and t tests were conducted to analyze the data. A total of 3001 residents participated in the baseline survey of this study. At baseline, participant IDSHL rates were 73.29% and 72.12% for the intervention and control groups, respectively (Χ21=0.5; P=.50). After 7 months of intervention, 9.90% (297/3001) of participants dropped out of the study. Of the lost participants, 119 were from the intervention group and 178 were from the control group. There were significant differences between follow-up and lost participants with respect to age (P=.04), marital status (P=.02) and occupations (P=.002). After intervention, the intervention group scores in the different domains were higher than those in the control group (infectious disease-related knowledge, prevention, management, or treatment, identification of pathogens and infection sources, and cognitive ability). There were significant improvements in the IDSHL of participants in both the intervention and control groups (Χ21=135.9; P<.001 vs Χ21=9.1; P=.003), and there was a greater change in the IDSHL among the intervention group participants than among the control group participants (1230/1359, 90.51% vs 1038/1359, 77.17%). The health education intervention program using a WeChat public account proved to be an effective, feasible, and well-accepted means to improve the IDSHL of the general population. In the future, this health education intervention program can be used as a reference for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

COVID-19 Pandemic and Education: Nigerian Parents’ Approach and Perception of Children’s Education Based on Socioeconomic Indicators

This paper, using 201 parents’ reports collected via a descriptive survey, explores (a) how children from different socioeconomic backgrounds (education and income) engage in learning in the absence of inclusive actions to keep learning ongoing in a Nigeria; and (b) the indirect impact of COVID-19 on children’s education (children’s access to learning materials, engagement in learning, and educational achievement). Findings showed that many Nigerian children engaged in learning and parents perceived educational achievement during pandemic school closure as worse. Socioeconomic backgrounds were associated with patterns of engagement. Children from highly educated and high-income backgrounds had significantly higher access to learning resources, which were also associated with their greater engagement in learning, than those children from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Children from low-income backgrounds were more engaged in face-to-face outside the home learning. This could have been due to the low access to online resources and low compliance to COVID-19 rules (driven by mistrust in government) of low-income and less educated families. Implications of findings for informing educational intervention programs, including post-COVID pedagogies, are discussed.

Awareness of Breast Self-Examination among Female Community Health Volunteers of Pokhara.

Breast self-examination is a simple, inexpensive and effective method of examining the breast by woman herself after 20 years of age in order to detect a breast lump in the early stage. Women should have this knowledge for early detection and treatment of breast cancer. So, the present study aimed to assess awareness of female community health volunteers regarding breast self-examination and the effect of a teaching program. One group pre-test post-test study was conducted among 145 female community health volunteers selected from eight wards of Pokhara Metropolitan using convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 27 March to 23 April 2022. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Before intervention, around two third of respondents (67.6%) had inadequate and only 1.4% had adequate level of awareness. But after the intervention, 68.3% had adequate level of awareness. The post-test mean awareness score (23.87 ± 4.7) was higher than pre-test mean awareness score (12.97 ± 3.93). Test of significance revealed that increment in the awareness due to a structured teaching program was highly significant (p <0 .001). This study also found that there was difference in the mean pretest awareness score according to educational level of the respondents only. Based on the mean score, the score was significantly higher among women with higher level of education (p=<.001). Around two thirds of female community health volunteers have inadequate level of awareness regarding breast self-examination before the intervention. Educational intervention program was found to be effective in improving their awareness.

Factors influencing adherence towards oral hypoglycaemic agents- A cross-sectional study among patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

AimsThe present study was conducted to assess the level of medication adherence and factors affecting adherence among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. MethodsA prospective cross-sectional study was carried out among T2DM patients who were presented to the outpatient department of general medicine. A well-designed data collection form was used to gather information pertaining to various socio-demographic and medical variables. A previously validated and translated 8-item self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the level of medication adherence. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 29.0. ResultsAmong the total 369 subjects enrolled, a majority were found to be males, and the mean age of the population was observed as 56.84 ± 11.32. A total of 125 (33.8%) subjects were found to be within the category of high adherence, 161 (43.6%) subjects were found to have moderate level of adherence and 83 (22.4%) had low level of adherence. On analysis, various medical variables were found to have a statistically significant association with medication adherence. ConclusionThe findings of the present study would form the basis for all the future implications including education intervention programmes to improve the level of adherence towards anti-diabetic medications, which ultimately results in better health outcomes.

Effect of Psycho Educational Intervention Program on Psychological Problems among Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19

Effect of Psycho Educational Intervention Program on Psychological Problems among Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19

Effect of Artificial Intelligence-based Health Education Accurately Linking System (AI-HEALS) for Type 2 diabetes self-management: protocol for a mixed-methods study

BackgroundPatients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an increasing need for personalized and Precise management as medical technology advances. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on mobile devices are being developed gradually in a variety of healthcare fields. As an AI field, knowledge graph (KG) is being developed to extract and store structured knowledge from massive data sets. It has great prospects for T2DM medical information retrieval, clinical decision-making, and individual intelligent question and answering (QA), but has yet to be thoroughly researched in T2DM intervention. Therefore, we designed an artificial intelligence-based health education accurately linking system (AI-HEALS) to evaluate if the AI-HEALS-based intervention could help patients with T2DM improve their self-management abilities and blood glucose control in primary healthcare.MethodsThis is a nested mixed-method study that includes a community-based cluster-randomized control trial and personal in-depth interviews. Individuals with T2DM between the ages of 18 and 75 will be recruited from 40-45 community health centers in Beijing, China. Participants will either receive standard diabetes primary care (SDPC) (control, 3 months) or SDPC plus AI-HEALS online health education program (intervention, 3 months). The AI-HEALS runs in the WeChat service platform, which includes a KBQA, a system of physiological indicators and lifestyle recording and monitoring, medication and blood glucose monitoring reminders, and automated, personalized message sending. Data on sociodemography, medical examination, blood glucose, and self-management behavior will be collected at baseline, as well as 1,3,6,12, and 18 months later. The primary outcome is to reduce HbA1c levels. Secondary outcomes include changes in self-management behavior, social cognition, psychology, T2DM skills, and health literacy. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of the AI-HEALS-based intervention will be evaluated.DiscussionKBQA system is an innovative and cost-effective technology for health education and promotion for T2DM patients, but it is not yet widely used in the T2DM interventions. This trial will provide evidence on the efficacy of AI and mHealth-based personalized interventions in primary care for improving T2DM outcomes and self-management behaviors.Trial registrationBiomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University: IRB00001052-22,058, 2022/06/06; Clinical Trials: ChiCTR2300068952, 02/03/2023.

E-Delphi in the outdoors: Stakeholder contributions to the development of a wellbeing-focused outdoor adventure education intervention program.

Outdoor adventure education (OAE) (programs involving outdoor activities such as rock climbing or white-water canoeing) that participants perceive as risky, conducted in a social support setting, can be utilised by practitioners to elicit changes in educational and psychosocial outcomes to support participant adolescent wellbeing. This study garnered the opinions of an expert OAE panel on the content of future programs aiming to impact adolescent wellbeing. The panel consisted of local (Western Australia, n = 7), national (Australia, n = 4), and international (Canada, Germany, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States, n = 7) experts. A two-round, mixed-methods Delphi approach was employed. Extensive formative work led to the development of a series of open-ended questions requiring qualitative responses for round one. Panellists were also asked to respond to 17 statements using Likert scales in the second round. After analysis, a consensus was reached for all statements, with five statements having high consensus and being considered important by panellists. The statement 'Equity for all participants requires flexible delivery and facilitation' had the highest level of agreement amongst panellists. Connections, authentic experiences, and equitable experiences developed as key themes. SO WHAT?: Future OAE interventions focused on wellbeing impact could use the findings of this research as a basis for program design.

Improving Foot Self-care Practices Through Health Education Intervention Programs Among Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remain one of the greatest significant problems of diabetes mellitus. It is a cause of main suffering and expenses for patient, and financial problem on health facilities and public. One of the strategies to overcome DFU is through health education to prevent foot ulcer, which focused in promoting foot self-care. To reach this aim, researchers had applied different educational approaches. This systematic review is to evaluate various types of educational programs in terms of its method of delivery and effectiveness. Methods: The search involved various databases; EBSCOHOST, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane library, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SAGE SringerLink, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library. It was limited to full text research articles that report intervention studies, and the writte up in English Language, the publication was from 2005 to 2021. The key words were “diabetes”, “diabetes foot”, “foot self-care”, health education and “interventions”. Results: Twenty studies were involved in this review. Nine studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), while eleven reported non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs). Conclusion: There are evidences that foot care education improves foot care and diabetic foot problems. Various health education approaches, for instance foot assessment, discussion, counseling, homebased visitation and telephone calls have been shown to be effective in improving educational programs. Studies in the future should focus on RCTs in different sites and apply follow-up of long duration to provide better recommendations to healthcare practitioners on effective educational interventions to prevent DFUs.

Effectiveness of Pre-discharge Educational Intervention Session in the Prevention of Arm Lymphedema Among Post-mastectomy Women in a Teaching Hospital in Bangalore, India.

Lymphedema is a severe post-mastectomy complication that still causes much morbidity in breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node dissection.Therefore, after mastectomy, lymphedema prevention is crucial for long-term survival and an increase in quality of life. Thestudy'sprimaryobjectivewastodeterminewhetherpre-dischargeeducationalinterventionsessions forpost-mastectomy women effectively improve the knowledge in preventing arm lymphedema. A quasi-experimental research study, one-group pretest-posttest design, was conducted in a teaching hospital in Bangalore.Thesampleincluded80females who were diagnosed with breastcancer,had recentlyundergone mastectomy,andhad chemoandradiationtherapy plans.Questions were based on the knowledge of lymphedema preventive concepts, including the definition of the lymphatic system and lymphedema, its causes, symptoms, prevention, and management, and were included in a structured self-administered questionnaire.Conveniencesampling was used among women who had undergone mastectomy for breast cancer.The pre-discharge educational interventions session included instructions on a self or simple lymphatic drainage technique demonstration, arm exercises, and an e-brochure on risk reduction strategies and arm lymphedema prevention. The knowledge of pre-discharge educational interventionsessions highlighting risk reduction/prevention strategies among post-mastectomy women was evaluated using the self-structured knowledge questionnaire pretest and posttest data. The entire study population comprised women who had undergone mastectomy.Almost half of the subjects were older than 55 years.Prior to the intervention, the majority of patients (58) had poor knowledge (72%) about preventing lymphedema, whereas nearly all patients (80) had good knowledge (100%) after the intervention sessions.All participants felt comfortable using the treatment plan to avoid arm lymphedema. The knowledge gain was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. It was determined that pre-discharge educational intervention sessions enhanced post-mastectomy women's awareness and risk reduction behaviors toward preventing arm lymphedema and reducing arm morbidity. Therefore, it is suggested that women who have had breast cancer surgery participate in a pre-discharge educational intervention program. This will guarantee that all mastectomy patients have access to educational information/materials and that risk reduction strategies are followed to prevent lymphedema.

Effect of health education on knowledge of iso-immunization among pregnant women in selected government hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria

Objective: to assess the outcome of health education on the knowledge of iso-immunization among pregnant women in selected government hospitals in Lagos state. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study where a semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 162 pregnant women who were selected by multi-stage Sampling in 3 selected government hospitals in Lagos state. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 24 and results were analyzed using frequency tables. An Independent t-test was used to test the mean difference between the two hypotheses. The level of statistical significance was set at a p-value of &lt;0.05. Results: The findings indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the level of knowledge among pregnant women at pre and post-health education intervention on isoimmunisation (Mean difference = 8.204, t(160) = 33.602, p = .000).; and between the level of knowledge of management among pregnant women at pre and post health education intervention on isoimmunisation (Mean difference = 7.191, t(160) = 23.234, p = .000). Conclusion: health education intervention program improved the knowledge of iso-immunization and its management among pregnant women. It was recommended among others that pregnant women should be given health talks about isoimmunisation, its causes, effects, and how it can be managed to improve their knowledge about isoimmunisation.

Efektivitas Intervensi Pendidikan untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Keuangan Islam pada Mahasiswa: Studi Kasus di Universitas PTIQ Jakarta

This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of educational interventions in enhancing Islamic financial literacy among students at PTIQ Jakarta University. A qualitative approach was employed through a case study within the university environment. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews and observations of students participating in the educational intervention program. The research findings indicate that educational interventions play a crucial role in improving students' understanding of Islamic financial principles, such as the prohibition of riba (interest), zakat (obligatory charity), and sharia-compliant investments. Students who participated in the educational intervention program showed improvements in their financial attitudes and behaviors aligned with Sharia principles. They were more inclined to utilize Sharia-based financial products and services in their daily lives. Additionally, the students' educational background, religious understanding, and social environment also influenced the effectiveness of the educational interventions. This study offers recommendations for educational institutions and policymakers to develop more creative and innovative educational intervention programs to enhance Islamic financial literacy among students. Furthermore, the research highlights the significant role of universities in equipping students with knowledge and understanding of Sharia finance to become agents of change, contributing to sustainable economic development in line with Islamic values.

Exploration into the Influencing Factors for the Intention of the Public to Vaccinate against Infectious Diseases Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior-Example of the COVID-19 Vaccine.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was applied as an example, and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used as a conceptual model. This study aimed to explore the impact of subjective norms (SNs), attitude towards the behavior (ATT), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) on the intention of the public for regular vaccination during COVID-19. The outcomes can provide certain recommendations for relevant policymakers in developing targeted health education intervention programs in the event of similar events. An online survey was performed between 17 April and 14 May 2021, via the online survey platform "WENJUANXING". The multistage stratified cluster sampling was employed, and 2098 participants (1114 males; 53.10%) with a mean age of 31.22 years (SD = 8.29) completed the survey. The survey covered the factors influencing the public's intention to receive future regular vaccinations during COVID-19 based on TPB. The effects of different variables on the public's vaccination intention were analyzed using hierarchical stepwise regression. The public's intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (i.e., behavioral intention) in the future was taken as the dependent variable. Gender, age, marital status, education level, per capita monthly household income, vaccine-related knowledge, whether the COVID-19 vaccine was received, subjective norms (SNs), attitude towards the behavior (ATT), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) were used as independent variables. In this way, a hierarchical stepwise multiple regression model was developed. It can be seen from the final model that gender, age, vaccine-related knowledge, vaccination, attitude, SNs, and PBC were all influential factors in the public's intention to get vaccinated in the future, with R2 = 0.399 and adjusted R2 = 0.397 (p < 0.001). TPB explains the intention of the public to receive future vaccinations to a large extent, and ATT and SNs are the most important influencing factors. It is suggested that vaccine intervention programs be developed to enhance public awareness and acceptance of vaccination. This can be achieved in three aspects, namely, improving the ATT of the public, SNs, and PBC. Furthermore, the influence of gender, age, vaccine knowledge, and previous vaccination behavior on vaccination intention should be taken into account.

Examining the cultural appropriateness of an educational intervention program on pain management for patients with cancer in Vietnam

Background: Educational interventions have been shown to be effective in reducing cancer pain for patients with cancer. However, there is a lack of educational intervention programs for cancer pain management in Vietnam, and none have been studied or implemented in clinical practice. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cultural appropriateness and clinical applicability of a pain management educational intervention program modified from PRO-SELF©: Pain Control Program for patients with cancer. Methods: This quantitative descriptive study was conducted from January to June 2022 with 15 experts, including oncologists, nurses with palliative care and pain relief certifications, and pharmacists. Data were collected using a 23-item questionnaire rated on a 5-point scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The program was evaluated for its appropriateness, clinical applicability, and feasibility, resulting in high ratings with an average of 4.49 ± 0.23, 4.56 ± 0.33, and 4.29 ± 0.55, respectively. The general mean score of the items was 4.46 ± 0.22. Experts also provided comments for adjustments to the program, which were incorporated into a revised draft of the intervention program. Conclusions: The pain management educational intervention program for Vietnamese patients with cancer was considered appropriate and clinically applicable by the experts. Further clinical trials can now be conducted to evaluate the program’s effectiveness.

Jordanians' knowledge, attitude and practice regarding adverse drug reactions reporting

ObjectivesThe purpose of the current study was to evaluate the general public knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) reporting and pharmacovigilance in Jordan. MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted between July 16, 2022, and July 30, 2022, in Jordan. During the study period, an electronic survey consisting of 4 sections was administered to a convenience sample of Jordanians (aged 18 or above) using 2 social media platforms (Facebook and WhatsApp). Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the predictors of ADRs reporting by the participants. ResultsA total of 441 participants completed the survey. The majority of the participants (67.6%) were females, 53.1% between 26 and 45 years old. Almost all participants (96.3%) were always aware of the indication of the medications they take, the time and frequency (87.8%), and the duration of medications (84.4%). Nearly one-third of the participants (37.4%) asked about their medications' ADRs. However, the drug information leaflet was the most frequently used source of ADR information (33.3%). The majority of responders believed that both healthcare providers and consumers should report ADRs (93.4% and 80.3%, respectively). Only one-quarter of respondents (27.2%) believed that consumers could directly report ADRs through the Jordan pharmacovigilance program. The majority of patients who had experienced ADRs (70.3%) were aware that ADRs should be reported, and among them, 91.9% had reported the ADRs to healthcare providers. Furthermore, few participants (8.1%) reported it to the Jordan National Pharmacovigilance Centre (JNCP). Linear regression revealed that none of the demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, job, and social status) were affecting public reporting practice of the ADRs (P > 0.05 for all). ConclusionRespondents showed fair knowledge about adverse drug reactions and their reporting. However, there is a need to initiate educational activities and intervention programs to raise awareness about the JNPC, which will have a positive impact on public health and ensure safe medication use in Jordan.

Effect of Health Education Intervention Programme on Awareness of Danger Signs in Childhood Illnesses (Under-Five) Among Caregivers in Kaduna State, Nigeria

: The study assesses the effect of health education intervention programme on awareness of danger signs in childhood illnesses (Under-Five Children) among caregivers in Kaduna State. Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of the study, five research questions were raised while five hypotheses were formulated and tested to guide the study. Quasi-experimental of pre-test and post-test experimental and control groups was adopted for this study. The population of the study consist of 19,684 of the entire caregivers in Kaduna State. The sample size of this study is two hundred (200) participants selected by using multi-stage sampling techniques. The instrument for data collection for the study is researcher’s developed questionnaire. Inferential statistic of paired sample t-test was used to test the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding indicated that there is significance awareness of danger signs in childhood illnesses (Under-Five Children) among caregivers in Kaduna state, Nigeria after health education intervention programme (t-23.07, df: 99; P=.000); and there is significant difference between the experimental and control group after health education intervention programme based on their awareness of danger signs in childhood illnesses (t=-15.316, df: 198; (P=.000). Based on the findings of the study it was concluded that health education intervention programme improves awareness of danger signs in childhood illnesses (Under-Five Children) among caregivers in Kaduna state, Nigeria. This is because the effect of health education intervention programme was significant. It was therefore recommended among others that the Kaduna State Ministry of Health should work with all the healthcare facilities to promote that health education intervention programme on knowledge of danger signs in childhood illnesses and should be carried out during ANC visits.

Social isolation among adolescents and its association with depression symptoms

BackgroundSocial isolation can be defined as the absence of social interactions, contacts, and relationships with family, friends, and neighbors. According to some studies, social isolation was associated with depressive symptoms. At least one out of every five teenagers suffer from a diagnosable mental health problem that impairs their function. Saudi Arabia has a significant adolescent population; however, there are few studies conducted in Saudi Arabia to assess social isolation and its psychological impact among adolescents. This research is intended to study the prevalence of social isolation among adolescents in Riyadh and its association with depression symptoms.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 483 adolescents living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An online self-administered questionnaire was used, and it was composed of three sections which are sociodemographic characteristics, assessment of social isolation, and assessment of depression symptoms.ResultsThe study reported the prevalence of social isolation among adolescents was 10.14%. The prevalence of depression symptoms among adolescents was high (31.68%). There was a significant association between social isolation and symptoms of depression among the studied sample (χ2 = 12.3, p = 0.002). It was found that being a male, living with both parents, and having low income are significant predictors of social isolation among adolescents; with r2 = 0.08 and p-value < .0001. It was also found that low-income level had a more impact on social isolation among adolescents than other factors (estimate = 1.6).ConclusionsA total of 10% of adolescents in Riyadh are socially isolated. There is a significant association between social isolation and symptoms of depression among the studied adolescents. Symptoms of depression can be predicted by social isolation. RecommendationsThe Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia should work together to conduct educational intervention programs for adolescents about mental health, the importance of social interaction, and the drawbacks of social isolation. These topics should also be involved in the curriculum of secondary schools.

Addressing Adverse Childhood and Adult Experiences During Prenatal Care.

Adverse childhood and adult experiences can affect health outcomes throughout life and across generations. The perinatal period offers a critical opportunity for obstetric clinicians to partner with patients to provide support and improve outcomes. This article draws on stakeholder input, expert opinion, and available evidence to provide recommendations for obstetric clinicians' inquiry about and response to pregnant patients' past and present adversity and trauma during prenatal care encounters. Trauma-informed care is a universal intervention that can proactively address adversity and trauma and support healing, even if a patient does not explicitly disclose past or present adversity. Inquiry about past and present adversity and trauma provides an avenue to offer support and to create individualized care plans. Preparatory steps to adopting a trauma-informed approach to prenatal care include initiating education and training for practice staff, prioritizing addressing racism and health disparities, and establishing patient safety and trust. Inquiry about adversity and trauma, as well as resilience factors, can be implemented gradually over time through open-ended questions, structured survey measures, or a combination of both techniques. A range of evidence-based educational resources, prevention and intervention programs, and community-based initiatives can be included within individualized care plans to improve perinatal health outcomes. These practices will be further developed and improved by increased clinical training and research, as well as through broad adoption of a trauma-informed approach and collaboration across specialty areas.

Effect of Educational Intervention Program on Nurses’Performance Regarding Tracheoesophageal Fistula among Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Effect of Educational Intervention Program on Nurses’Performance Regarding Tracheoesophageal Fistula among Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Application of Health Belief Model: demographic factors affecting body mass index (BMI) and perceptions of weight management among Malaysians

Abstract Objectives The previous studies underlined the need for specified educational intervention programs to prevent overweight and obesity problems among Malaysians. Therefore, in this context, this study aimed to explore the demographic factors that are associated with BMI and perceptions of body weight management among Malaysians by utilizing the Health Belief Model (HBM). The findings of the study will help in developing effective interventions and provide more specific recommendations on weight management in health education programs to ensure the well-being of the people. Methods A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted to study the demographical factors and perception of body weight management by the self-administered Health Belief Model Questionnaire (HBMQ). The data were collected using the HBMQ via Google Form link which was promoted on social media platforms to reach out to the public from all over the 13 states in Malaysia. Key findings Out of 440 respondents, 44 (10.0%) were obese, 92 (20.90%) were overweight, 60 (13.60%) were underweight and 244 (55.50%) had normal weight. Significant associations were observed between body mass index (BMI) and demographic characteristics such as age range, gender, education level, marital status, employment status, intention to reduce weight, and health issues (P &amp;lt; 0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed between HBM subscales and different demographic characteristics. The regression model explained ~8.3% of the variance in BMI (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and revealed that perceived severity and behavioural intention were the significant variables to predict a person’s BMI. Conclusion The findings in this study conclude that Malaysians with different demographic characteristics have different perceptions on obesity and weight reduction behaviours.