Rehabilitation Education Research Articles

COVİD-19 SALGININDA ÖĞRETİM ELEMANI VE ÖĞRENCİLERİN UZAKTAN FİZYOTERAPİ VE REHABİLİTASYON EĞİTİMİNE YÖNELİK ALGI VE TUTUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Purpose: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many institutions and instructors tried to continue without disruption through distance education (DE) instead of canceling their lectures. This study aims to investigate of academicians and students' perception and attitudes for distance physiotherapy and rehabilitation education in COVID-19 pandemic.
 Methods: This study was conducted at School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation between May to June 2020. Study information were given to 22 academicians be assigned in distance education and Distance Education Perceptions Scale questionnaires were filled. Web Based Instruction Attitude Scale online survey link was sent to through students' class WhatsApp groups to all of the 620 undergraduate students.
 Results: Academicians' perception of DE were at moderate level, most of the academicians stated that students don’t have the opportunity to think analytically in DE, the quality of education does not increase and learning outcomes are not equivalent to traditional education. More than half of the students stated that DE could be an alternative solution to the "education problem". However, they found the DE boring due to technical problems and did not feel belonging to the university they were enrolled.
 Conclusion: Although DE is seen as an alternative solution in terms of continuing educational activities during the pandemic process, attitudes towards DE create uncertainty for both academicians and students. This may be due to the fact that physiotherapy education has practical course contents. The quality of DE can be increased by making the use of technology more user-friendly and by providing basic technical training for users.

Efficacy of CPET Combined with Systematic Education of Cardiac Rehabilitation After PCI: A Real-World Evaluation in ACS Patients.

IntroductionThere are scarce real-world data on the long-term efficacy and safety of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) combined with the systematic education of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) approach for patients post-coronary stenting, which is, therefore, the subject of this study.MethodsData collected between 1 April 2015 and 20 May 2017 from 11,345 patients in the rehabilitation center database at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Five hundred thirty-six patients with incomplete information, or unable to cooperate with telephone follow-up, were excluded; 4001 patients received the combined CR approach; and 6808 patients received only routine post-procedure education (controls). Of these, 2805 CR participants (CR group) were matched 1:1 to controls (control group) using propensity scores. The main outcome was quality of life in Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) scores. SAQ was measured in hospital and at follow-up; meanwhile, volume/type of habitual exercise, major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), and its components of target vessel revascularization, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death were recorded and analyzed.ResultsAt median 583 (range 184–963) day follow-up, compared with controls, the CR group showed fewer patients not engaging in physical exercise (22 vs. 956, p < 0.05); more cumulative exercise time (h/week) (8.22 ± 6.17 h vs. 3.00 ± 1.65 h, p < 0.05); higher SAQ scores (physical limitation, 69.59 ± 10.96 vs. 57.49 ± 7.19; anginal stability, 80.50 ± 18.21 vs. 58.82 ± 11.95; anginal frequency, 78.58 ± 11.07 vs. 67.14 ± 22.41; treatment satisfaction, 82.33 ± 13.21 vs. 56.84 ± 21.61; quality of life, 68.69 ± 18.33 vs. 60.26 ± 17.13, all p < 0.01), but a similar MACE rate (log-rank p = 0.621).ConclusionCompared with only routine post-procedure education, CR combining at least one-time CPET with a systematic cardiac education program before discharge improved engagement in physical activity and quality of life for patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without increasing clinical adverse events.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-021-01871-y.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Real-time water quality prediction model based on fine-grained image classification and home aerobic exercise rehabilitation for the elderly

This paper studies the real-time water quality prediction model based on fine-grained image classification and home aerobic exercise rehabilitation for the elderly. Fine-grained image classification refers to the classification of sub-categories under image classification. In the past, image classification mainly classified images into large categories. In contrast, the most important feature of fine-grained image classification is the large differences within the class and the small differences between the classes, which are very difficult. And because it has a wide range of application requirements in human production and life, it has attracted a large number of scholars to conduct in-depth research on it. Based on the above research, the performance of the proposed model is analyzed and verified for specific water quality parameter prediction scenarios. The water quality model is an important part of the study of water environment simulation and water environment planning and management. Starting from the research review of water quality models, this paper introduces the development history of water quality models and several major non-mechanical water quality models and application research progress. It recognizes the objective facts of uncertainty in the water environment system and the limitations of organic water quality model in the application of water environment system in China. Finally, based on the above conclusions, elastic band resistance training combined with cardiac rehabilitation education improved the physical function of patients with coronary heart disease in the community, especially muscle health and cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training, as well as the quality of life of patients. The Heart Rehabilitation Training Program at Home can improve the awareness of cardiac rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease in the region, strengthen exercise compliance, popularize and apply to the home care of patients with coronary heart disease in the region, and also provide theoretical reference materials for regional medical personnel helping patients at home with training.

Throwing cardiac rehabilitation into the 21st Century: a focus group study exploring the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac rehabilitation delivery in Victoria, Australia

Funding AcknowledgementsType of funding sources: None.BackgroundCardiac rehabilitation (CR) education and exercise are predominantly delivered in group face-to-face settings. This delivery model was challenged during the COVID-19 pandemic due to government enforced lockdowns which restricted the delivery of these models of care. The Australian state of Victoria experienced the longest and most severe local restrictions and was in lockdown for approximately 26 weeks of 2020. PurposeWe aimed to explore the experience, barriers and enablers of delivering CR during a pandemic, and identify strategies for future COVID-safe programs among cardiac rehabilitation clinicians.MethodsVictorian members of the Australian Cardiovascular Health and Rehabilitation Association (ACRA) were invited to attend an exploratory qualitative online focus group in November 2020. An inductive thematic analysis was undertaken before deductively applying the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread and Sustainability (NASSS) framework to identify barriers and enablers for technology adoption in CR.Results30 members participated in a 106 minute focus group. 17 members who provided demographics represented multiple disciplines (nursing n = 13, exercise physiology n = 3, physiotherapy n = 1) and geographical settings (metropolitan n = 10, regional n = 4, rural n = 3). Four main themes were identified: Consequences of sudden service delivery change; Technology use – challenges and benefits; Capacity (program and staff); and The way forward. The deductive NASSS analysis demonstrated the main challenges of continuing remotely delivered CR lie with all adopters (staff, patients, carers) and with organisations. Future CR strategies included the importance of resuming face-to-face programs but important barriers including finding capacity, particularly staffing, to run concurrent telehealth programs remain to be addressed. ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic forced and expedited significant changes to CR delivery models. While clinicians agreed that delivery of CR via telehealth will continue, it is now timely to review remote models of care and plan how they will integrate alongside traditional face-to-face programs.

MI-PACE Home-Based Cardiac Telerehabilitation Program for Heart Attack Survivors: Usability Study.

BackgroundCardiac rehabilitation programs, consisting of exercise training and disease management interventions, reduce morbidity and mortality after acute myocardial infarction.ObjectiveIn this pilot study, we aimed to developed and assess the feasibility of delivering a health watch–informed 12-week cardiac telerehabilitation program to acute myocardial infarction survivors who declined to participate in center-based cardiac rehabilitation.MethodsWe enrolled patients hospitalized after acute myocardial infarction at an academic medical center who were eligible for but declined to participate in center-based cardiac rehabilitation. Each participant underwent a baseline exercise stress test. Participants received a health watch, which monitored heart rate and physical activity, and a tablet computer with an app that displayed progress toward accomplishing weekly walking and exercise goals. Results were transmitted to a cardiac rehabilitation nurse via a secure connection. For 12 weeks, participants exercised at home and also participated in weekly phone counseling sessions with the nurse, who provided personalized cardiac rehabilitation solutions and standard cardiac rehabilitation education. We assessed usability of the system, adherence to weekly exercise and walking goals, counseling session attendance, and disease-specific quality of life.ResultsOf 18 participants (age: mean 59 years, SD 7) who completed the 12-week telerehabilitation program, 6 (33%) were women, and 6 (33%) had ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Participants wore the health watch for a median of 12.7 hours (IQR 11.1, 13.8) per day and completed a median of 86% of exercise goals. Participants, on average, walked 121 minutes per week (SD 175) and spent 189 minutes per week (SD 210) in their target exercise heart rate zone. Overall, participants found the system to be highly usable (System Usability Scale score: median 83, IQR 65, 100).ConclusionsThis pilot study established the feasibility of delivering cardiac telerehabilitation at home to acute myocardial infarction survivors via a health watch–based program and telephone counseling sessions. Usability and adherence to health watch use, exercise recommendations, and counseling sessions were high. Further studies are warranted to compare patient outcomes and health care resource utilization between center-based rehabilitation and telerehabilitation.

Establishing a process to translate and adapt health education materials for natives and immigrants: The case of Mandarin adaptations of cardiac rehabilitation education

BackgroundCardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a proven model of secondary prevention in which patient education is a core component. Objectivesto translate and culturally-adapt CR patient education for Mandarin-speaking patients living in China as well as immigrants, and offer recommendation for best practices in adaptation for both. Methodsthese steps were undertaken in China and Canada: (1) preparation; (2) translation and adaptation; (3) review by healthcare providers based on PEMAT-P; (4) think-aloud review by patients; and (5) finalization. ResultsTwo independent Mandarin translations were undertaken using best practices: one domestic (China) and one international (immigrants). Input by 23 experts instigated revisions. Experts rated the language and content as culturally-appropriate, and perceived the materials would benefit their patients. A revised version was then administered to 36 patients, based on which a few edits were made to optimize understandability. Conclusionssome important differences emerged between translations adapted for native versus immigrant settings.

Stališča strokovnih delavcev do folklorne dejavnosti v osnovnih šolah s posebnim programom vzgoje in izobraževanja / Views of professionals regarding folklore activities in primary schools with a special education program

The paper examines the views of professionals in primary schools with a special education program in relation to folkloric activities and content. The research involved 240 professionals from all 28 Slovenian educational institutions implementing the program. Respondents rated their agreement on statements related to formal education and folklore activities, inclusion of folklore content and activities, attitudes towards folklore and classroom work, and use of folklore content for therapeutic purposes on a 5-point scale. The main findings relate to the fact that during institutional training, professionals did not acquire sufficient knowledge to teach folkloric content when working with students with special needs, suggesting that there are still many opportunities for progress in the integration of folkloric content and activities, with a focus on folk dances, folk songs, folk games and customs and habits, in institutions that implement the special education program of education. This is confirmed by the fact that the professionals have a very positive attitude towards folklore in general. The results can represent a starting point for future research, which would confirm the need for an interdisciplinary approach in different scientific fields (special and rehabilitation education, music didactics, folklore, ethnochoreology, music therapy, psychology and kinesiology).

Virtually Possible: Medical Student Rehabilitation Rotations During a Pandemic.

The novel coronavirus 2019 pandemic has led to new dilemmas in medical education because of an initial shortage of personal protective equipment, uncertainty regarding disease transmission and treatments, travel restrictions, and social distancing guidelines. These new problems further compound the already existing problem of limited medical student exposure to the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation, particularly for students in medical schools lacking a department of physical medicine and rehabilitation, approximately 50% of medical schools. A virtual medical student physical medicine and rehabilitation rotation was created to mitigate coronavirus 2019–related limitations and impact on medical education. Using audiovisual technology, students had the opportunity to participate in clinical inpatient and outpatient care, live-streamed procedures, and virtual didactics, develop and showcase their clinical knowledge and reasoning skills, and become familiar with the culture of the physical medicine and rehabilitation residency program. Adaptive educational approaches, including integration of the flipped classroom model, success, pitfalls, and areas for improvement will be described and discussed. Providing nontraditional methods for physical medicine and rehabilitation education and exposure to medical students is crucial to maintain and promote growth of the field in this unprecedented and increasingly virtual era.

European experience of physical therapists training: Introduction of new master degree programs in Ukraine

Improving the quality of education and training of future physical therapists in Ukraine is possible provided that the experience of the best European educational programs is taken into account. During 2018-2021, Ukraine is implementing the EU Erasmus + Program in the direction of KA2 ‒ "Cooperation for innovation and exchange of best practices ‒ Development of higher education potential" project "Innovative rehabilitation education in Ukraine: Introduction of new master degree programs in Ukraine (REHAB)". Among the participating partners are four representatives of higher education institutions of Ukraine and Europe.&#x0D; The main goals of the project are: to increase the professional potential of teachers of domestic universities; creation of new resources for teaching, learning, assessment; creation of a special educational infrastructure necessary for the implementation of new master's programs in physical therapy.&#x0D; At the first stage of the project implementation, own educational programs in physical therapy were analyzed and a comparative description with similar European educational programs was made. In the second and third stages of the project, an innovative educational environment was developed and created for the training of future physical therapists. Particular attention is paid to practice-oriented training of future physical therapists. Methodological support for conducting an objective structured clinical examination has been developed.&#x0D; The results of this project at Sumy State University are: analysis and updating of the educational-professional program "Physical therapy" of the first (bachelor's) level of higher education; development of the project of the educational-scientific program "Physical therapy" of the second (master's) level of higher education; development of educational and methodological support of educational components of bachelor's and master's educational programs in physical therapy; development of three electronic courses for the educational-scientific program of the second (master's) level "Physical therapy"; development of methodological support for conducting an objective structured clinical examination in the specialty 227. "Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy"; creation of four rehabilitation educational and scientific laboratories and organization of the educational process on their basis; increasing the professional competence of all teachers of the Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Sports Medicine of SSU; participation of students in academic mobility activities, various forms of non-formal education within the project.

Peculiarities of physical education of students at the current stage of society development

The article reveals the features of physical education of students at the present stage of development of society. It is established that physical education classes on the basis of sports specialization to a greater extent create conditions for further implementation of the tasks of professional and applied physical training. It is revealed that the use of modular-block training in combination with the system of rating control allows to organize the modular-rating technology of physical education and to increase the motivation to exercise. This approach allows: to use in the relationship rating-modular system of organization of classes; to introduce innovative technologies; to increase the physical culture and educational potential of classes; to strengthen professional and applied physical training of young specialists; to increase value orientations on leading a healthy lifestyle by means of physical education. Physical education is a multilevel educational system, holistic and unified in structure, content and organization. This process must be implemented in the aggregate of all parts, connections, channels, which are in relations and connections with each other and timely modernize in accordance with those changes in environmental and social processes.&#x0D; Thus, the tasks for the education of physical qualities, motor skills, rehabilitation, ecological and valeological education should be solved from the standpoint of an integrated approach as a method of scientific and practical implementation of a multilevel system of physical education and constant modernization of its content. This approach involves the use of the relationship of rating- modular technology of organization of classes; taking into account ecological introductions of innovative technologies, high rise of physical culture and educational potential of occupations owing to increase of a share of ecological and valeological maintenance of theoretical program material, strengthening of professional and applied physical training of young experts, raises value orientations of a way of life by means of physical culture and sports.

The Quality, Reliability, and Popularity of YouTube Education Videos for Vestibular Rehabilitation: A Cross-sectional Study.

Vestibular rehabilitation (VR) education videos on YouTube are poor-quality and unreliable. YouTube has become a health information source. Recent studies have determined that videos on YouTube contain misleading and inappropriate information for different medical conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess the quality and reliability of VR education videos. A search was performed using the keywords vertigo, vertigo treatment, vertigo exercise, and vestibular rehabilitation, on YouTube. The first 50 videos for each keyword were analyzed. Videos were divided into four groups according to the video source: Group 1: universities/occupational organizations, Group 2: medical ad/profit-oriented companies, Group 3: independent users, and Group 4: others (news/media/state institution). The quality and reliability of videos were evaluated regarding the modified DISCERN criteria, the modified Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and global quality scores (GQS). Among the 200 videos analyzed, 103 were included. The main video source was medical ad/profit-oriented companies (60.2%). The mean modified DISCERN criteria score, the mean modified JAMA benchmark criteria score, and the mean GQS value of the videos were found as low (2.46 ± 1.37, 2.09 ± 1.23, and 2.67 ± 1.38, respectively). Videos uploaded by universities/occupational organizations (25.2%) had statistically significant higher modified DISCERN criteria scores, modified JAMA benchmark criteria scores, and GQS values compared with the other groups (p < 0.001). Online information about VR education on YouTube was of poor quality and unreliable. Expert vestibular providers should be aware of these inappropriate sources and educate patients regarding the poor-quality of videos and also aim to provide more quality and reliable sources of information.

Social, health care and rehabilitation educators' competence in professional education-Empirical testing of a model.

The social and health care educator's role in educating future professionals need to be stronger emphasised and deserves international recognition. The purpose of this study was to develop and test an empirical model of social and health care educators' competence in higher and professional education. The presented research employed a cross-sectional study design. Data were collected using HeSoEduCo-instrument from 28 educational institutions in Finland. The model was empirically tested with confirmatory factor analysis through Structural Equation Modelling that applied the Full Imputation Maximum Likelihood estimator. A total of 422 social and health care educators participated in the study. The empirical model of social and health care educators including eight competence areas: leadership and management, collaboration and societal, evidence-based practice, subject and curriculum, mentoring students in professional competence development, student-centred pedagogy, digital collaborative learning, and cultural and linguistic diversity. All of the connections between concepts of the empirical model were found to be statistically significant. There were strong connections between most of the identified competence concepts; however, two weak connections were found, namely, the link between competence in evidence-based practice and competence in subject and curriculum, along with the link between competence in digital collaborative learning and competence in student-centred pedagogy. The presented empirical model can help stakeholders identify which areas of social and health care educators' curricula should be further developed. The model is also relevant for improving continuous education, allowing educators to assess their competence levels and evaluating educators' performance at the organisational level.

Application of Virtual Reality Technology (VR) in Practice Teaching of Sports Rehabilitation Major

Patients who can receive rehabilitation training provide two types of feedback. This is the biggest advantage of virtual reality technology for rehabilitation training, and at the same time can improve the patient’s perception of rehabilitation results. This article aims to study the application of virtual reality technology (vr) in sports rehabilitation professional practice teaching. This paper uses the research method of virtual scene position mapping. The virtual scene position mapping is based on the virtual realization technology of upper limb rehabilitation training, which is manipulated by the movement of the patient’s upper limbs. In the experiment, all the students in the first and second classes of a sports rehabilitation major in a local university were subjected to theoretical tests and practical ability assessments to all the students in the first and second classes of the sports rehabilitation major. Experimental data shows that the excellent rate and passing rate of the experimental class’s practical ability test are much higher than those of the control class. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of virtual reality technology to sports rehabilitation teaching is beneficial to the improvement of learners’ practical ability. The experimental results show that the test excellence rate of the experimental class is 24.2% higher than that of the control class, and the passing rate is 12% higher. Therefore, applying virtual reality technology to sports rehabilitation education can stimulate people’s interest in learning. The virtual environment is very similar to the real world, and the motor skills learned in the virtual environment can be successfully transferred to the real world.

Education in Psychiatric Rehabilitation Column—Psychiatric Rehabilitation Education for Psychiatrists: A Canadian Experience

Education in Psychiatric Rehabilitation Column—Psychiatric Rehabilitation Education for Psychiatrists: A Canadian Experience

The effect of rehabilitation education through social media on the quality of life in burn patients: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial

BackgroundBurn is one of the most brutal harms to the human body and mind and its wide-ranging complications have many adverse effects on the patients’ quality of life. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of rehabilitation education through social media on burn patients’ quality of life.MethodsThe present randomized, controlled, clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital Burn Center in the city of Mashhad, Iran, who were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control groups (n = 30 per group). The researcher then created a WhatsApp channel to provide educational content and a WhatsApp group for burns patients to join and get their questions answered. The intervention group patients pursued their post-discharge education through the social media for a month. The control group patients received their discharge education according to the ward’s routine procedures through pamphlets and face-to-face training by the personnel. As the study’s main variable, the Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief was completed by both groups before and 1 and 2 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the ANCOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA.ResultsThere was no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of the QOL score and any of the domains at baseline. The results indicated the significant effect of the intervention both 1 and 2 months post-intervention on the QOL score and all the domains (P < 0.05), except for body image (Pmodel1 = .550 and Pmodel2 = .463) and skin sensitivity (Pmodel1 = .333 and Pmodel2 = .104).ConclusionThe post-discharge rehabilitation education of burns patients through social media improves their quality of life and can be used as an appropriate educational and follow-up method in different stages of the rehabilitation of burn patients.Trial registration no.IRCT20190622043971N1, 05-10-2019.

Avaliação tomográfica e histológica da técnica de levantamento de seio maxilar e instalação de implantes dentários sem utilização de biomaterial com acompanhamento de 36 meses : Relato de caso

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar quantitativo e qualitativamente a formação óssea periimplantar na cirurgia de elevação do seio maxilar sem utilização de biomaterial por meio de análise tomográfica e histológica. Paciente atendido no Instituto Latino Americano de Ensino e Pesquisa Odontológica (ILAPEO) para reabilitação da região posterior de maxila bilateral com escasso volume ósseo, foi realizado então levantamento de seio e instalação de implantes sem utilização de biomaterial. O acompanhamento pós operatório foi conduzido através de condições clínicas e tomográficas, no pós-operatório imediato, 3, 6, 9 e 36 meses. Aos 9 meses pós operatório, com o auxilio de uma trefina de 2 mm foi removido uma biópsia local para realização de uma análise histológica. Pode-se observar tomográficamente, que a maior densidade encontrada nos períodos avaliados, foi aos 36 meses (vestibular 1766,5 e palatina 1716,75), ou seja, após aplicação de carga funcional. A análise histológica mostrou que aos 9 meses a biópsia removida pela trefina era compostos de 52% de tecido ósseo e 48% de tecido conjuntivo, apresentando uma citoarquitetura óssea compatível de fato com osso maduro com poucas áreas de osso imaturo. Em conclusão, a técnica de elevação do seio maxilar com colocação imediata do implante, sem o uso de biomateriais quando bem indicada, pode ser realizada com sucesso obtendo ganho de volume ósseo periimplantar com qualidade.

Development of 6 DOF Upper-Limb Patient Simulator for Hands-On Rehabilitation Education

In rehabilitation treatment, the physiotherapy manual diagnostic method is the most affordable to cure spasticity disorders caused by neural impairments. The proficiency of the rehabilitation therapist is critical to maximizing the treatment effect; therefore the therapist’s training focuses on physical hands-on practice. However, realizing a hands-on training to untrained therapists is not readily allowed because the joint’s spasticity in patients is not standardized quantitatively and the unstable supply of spasticity patients with various rigidness for hands-on training. Therefore, the new 6-DOFs upper-limb patient simulator for hands-on rehabilitation education in this study is developed for use in supporting standardized quantitative levels to untrained therapists. Additionally, the new simulator includes a function of manual diagnosis to embody various spastic rigidity of patients’ joint. For the verification of the proposed system, both trained and untrained therapists evaluate how well the joints’ spasticity of the developed robotic simulator and human patients are similar. Consequently, the developed robotic simulator is validated to be effective for rehabilitation therapy education.

Disability at the Crossroads: Asserting Rights and Empowerment in an Unequal World

The concept of social justice has a lengthy history in terms of its development, understanding, and application to human relationships. It connects to parallel concerns around equal opportunity, equity, and recognition. Social justice has also been contested insofar as powerful vested interests have either denied its relevance or actively resisted its demands. In this article, social justice is placed in a global framework where different issues at different times are connected by common concerns and a shared humanity. One of the central questions informing emerging dimensions of service provision in international contexts is how we work with needs of specific communities to create a new matrix of opportunities for inclusion, mutual benefit, and intercultural encounter. Over the past three decades, processes involved in globalization have come to not only shape but determine that matrix in evermore significant ways. The globalization process is also at the core of labor market change in all countries. This has specific implications for learning specialists and rehabilitation educators in terms of their professional training, understanding of best practice, and standards in approaching the diversity emerging within many communities shaped by globalizing imperatives. The powerful resonance of exclusion linked to the experience of disability impacts many social approaches and policies, not least of which is access to the labor market. For those with disabilities, particularly in the context of the significant advances made by the Independent Living movement and the parallel focus on civil rights, these traditional models of work have been seen as problematic.

Experiencing the education process in physical rehabilitation.

To interpret and build a theoretical model of the user's experience in the education process in physical rehabilitation settings. Qualitative research, based on the Grounded Theory. The setting was a Rehabilitation Center of Rede Lucy Montoro, located in an inland city of the State of São Paulo. Data collection took place from January to October 2019, based on 28 interviews with three sample groups. The collection and analysis process was guided by theoretical sampling. A total of 122 conceptual codes emerged. The main category established was "Experiencing education in rehabilitation"; as Conditions, the categories: relying on team support, and considering the group dynamics; as Actions-Interactions, the category: experiencing instructions; and as Consequences, the categories: promoting change of habits, and finding resistance in the follow-up. The experience in the education process in rehabilitation indicates that this is an action that requires adequate communication and acceptance by the team. In group activities, although there are experiences exchanges among the members, the heterogeneity of situations shall be considered.

Prison-based Entrepreneurial Education Programs &amp;amp; the Muslim World: A Review and Research Agenda

Prison-based educational reforms can play a critical role in successful inclusion of convicted persons back in societies. Prior work on this topic suggests that most government agencies predominantly focus on conventional skill-training programs and ignore the entrepreneurial learning and training programs. Consequently, many prisoners yet again opt for criminal-activities once free because of limited jobs available for conventional skills and potential employers’ discriminatory attitudes toward ex-prisoners. Entrepreneurship scholars suggest that offering entrepreneurship-based skills and training programs to the prisoners can restrain them from repeating criminal behavior because self- employment as an occupational career path can help overcome potential employers’ discriminatory attitudes, and these entrepreneurship programs can improve self-awareness, rational thinking and social skills. However, much work on entrepreneurial education for prison reforms and criminal rehabilitation is done across the western world and our understanding is limited on this topic from the perspective of the Islamic world. In the current study, we aim at reviewing the literature available on prison entrepreneurial programs among selected member states of the Organization of Islamic Corporation (OIC) to shed light on the trends and progress of incorporating entrepreneurship in jail reforms.