Edible Oils Research Articles

Sustainable machining: enhancing performance with vegetable oil-based nano cutting fluids

The environmentally friendly cutting fluids in machining is now attractive due to both environmental and health problem, as well as the growing demand for sustainable manufacturing. The study evaluates the technical feasibility of utilizing biodegradable natural vegetable oil infused with graphene nanoparticles as a cutting fluid for turning SS 304 steel. The Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) method was employed in the assessment. Corn oil was chosen as the edible vegetable oil, and different volume percentages (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%) of nanoparticles were mixed to prepare nanofluids. To provide a basis for comparison, a commercial cutting fluid was used under the same MQL technique, along with a dry condition as a benchmark. To measure the lubri-cooling capacity and physical and chemical properties of the fluids, specific tests were conducted. The experimental results showed corn oil with 2.5% graphene demonstrated promising results. Cutting force initially increases and then gradually decreases as percentage Graphene increases. With 2.5% graphene showing optimal performance in reducing friction, improving heat dissipation, and minimizing tool wear.

Comparative Analysis of Oil Extraction from Clove and Ginger using Maceration and Soxhlet Methods: Physicochemical Properties and Quality Assessment

This study examined oil extraction from clove and ginger using two methods: Maceration method and Soxhlet extraction method. The materials (clove and ginger) were purchased locally from a credible vendor at Erekesan Market, Akure, Ondo State. The oils’ physicochemical properties analyzed included pH, color, specific gravity, impurity content, and moisture content. Additionally, the Free Fatty Acid (FFA) value, acid value, Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, saponification value, and FFA profile were assessed. The pH (4.52 - 6.08) and specific gravity (0.85 - 0.97) were well within the accepted range. The oils' hues deviated from those documented in prior studies, likely due to the elevated temperature exposure during extraction. The impurity content varied from acceptable (7.07%) to unacceptable (21.59%) for edible oils. The moisture contents (1.37 - 8.88%) indicate low susceptibility to microbial growth. The commercial ginger oil (control) exhibited the lowest FFA (5.51 g/100ml) and acid value (10.96 g/100ml), indicating better stability and resistance to rancidity while the clove oil (Soxhlet method) had the highest FFA (10.10 g/100ml) and acid value (20.10 g/100ml), therefore it has the least desirable quality. The oils’ TBA values (0.0024 - 0.0025 mgMDA/g) indicate enhanced stability and extended shelf life while their saponification value (80.15 - 196.08 mg/g), indicate varying but ideal FFA molecular weights. The oil samples showed diverse FFA profile: the higher ΣSFA composition (73.58%) of the commercial ginger oil (control) implies an undesirable quality as it has a higher risk of heart disease when consumed in large quantity while the ginger and clove samples extracted using maceration exhibited desirable ΣMUFA (22.99%) and ΣPUFA (22.78%) compositions. These affirm the influence of the extraction methods on the quality indices of the oils. Based on the analyses conducted, it is concluded that the maceration extraction method is superior in producing higher-quality oils.

Metal-organic framework incorporated fungal mycelium membrane for synergistic mycotoxin degradation via adsorption, oxidation, and photocatalysis.

Metal-organic framework incorporated fungal mycelium membrane for synergistic mycotoxin degradation via adsorption, oxidation, and photocatalysis.

Creation of dual-purpose soybean germplasm for grain and forage by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting mutation of GmFT2a and GmFT5a.

Creation of dual-purpose soybean germplasm for grain and forage by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting mutation of GmFT2a and GmFT5a.

Formulation of Multi-Source Edible Oils from Palm oil and African Walnut oil and Study of Their Effect on Hematological, Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in High Fat Diet Obese-Induced Wistar Rats

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of palm oil, African walnut oil and their blends on hematological, inflammatory, and some oxidative stress markers in high fat diet (HFD) obese-induced Wistar rats. Obesity was induced for 60 days and treated for 28 days using edible oils [palm oil, African walnut oil, palm oil: African walnut oil (50:50) and palm oil : African walnut oil (60:40)] and orlistat (10 mg/Kg). Thereafter the animals were sacrificed, blood was collected for hematological studies and the preparation of the serum, while the organs harvested were used to prepare organ homogenates. Serum and organ homogenates were used for the evaluation of inflammation and oxidative stress markers. Results showed that the oils utilized were confirmed to be of high quality through their good stability indices (peroxide value: 2.52-3.87meq O2/Kg; p-anisidine value: 8.24-12.33, TOTOX value: 13.37-19.46,). Looking at the haematological study, animals that received the HFD presented the lowest (p<0.05) hematocrit and Platelet. PO:WO (50:50 and 60:40) significantly (p<0.05) decreased the granulocytes concentration in the blood of rats. PO:WO (50:50) significantly (p<0.05) increased the lymphocyte concentration while 100% PO increased the mid-size white blood cells level in the animals. Serum levels of inflammation markers were higher (p<0.05) in the negative control group (354.44-385.82 pg/mL) compared to the other groups (147.22-271.55 pg/mL). The analysis of oxidative stress parameters revealed that the administered oils and orlistat generally exhibited good protections compared to the normal and negative control groups, which might be due to the presence of omega-3 fatty acids and bioactives such as β-carotene and vitamin E which have good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It can be concluded that these oils have a role in protecting against obesity through their effects on oxidative stress, hematology, and inflammatory cytokines.

Comparison of variable optimization algorithms for PLS regression models of kerosene content in edible oils.

Comparison of variable optimization algorithms for PLS regression models of kerosene content in edible oils.

Identification of candidate genes associated with resistance to aflatoxin production in peanut through genetic mapping and transcriptome analysis.

Two major QTLs qAftA07and qAftB06.2 for peanut aflatoxin production resistance were identified and candidate genes for them were predicted. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a globally significant oil and economic crop, serving as a primary source of edible oil and protein. Aflatoxin contamination is a main risk factor for peanut food safety and industry development worldwide. The most cost-economic and effective control strategy entails the exploration and utilization of natural resistance in peanut, alongside the development of resistant varieties. However, the underlying mechanism of resistance to aflatoxin production (AP) in peanuts remains elusive. In this study, a RIL population derived from a cross between Zhonghua 10 (susceptible) and ICG 12625 (resistant), was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for AP resistance. Overall, seven QTLs associated with AP resistance were mapped on five chromosomes, explaining 6.83-17.86% of phenotypic variance (PVE). Notably, only two major QTLs, namely qAftA07and qAftB06.2, were consistently detected across different environments with 6.83-16.52% PVE. To predict the candidate genes for AP resistance in qAftA07and qAftB06.2, the transcriptome analysis of seeds from parental lines inoculated with Aspergillus flavus were conducted. A total of 175 and 238 candidate genes were respectively identified in qAftA07 and qAftB06.2, encompassing genes with non-synonymous genomic variations as well as differentially expressed genes. Combined with the weighted gene co-expression network analysis, 10 and 11 genes in qAftA07 and qAftB06.2 were characterized showing a high correlation with aflatoxin content, thereby representing the most promising candidate genes within these two QTLs. These results provide valuable insights for future map-based cloning studies targeting candidate genes associated with AP resistance in peanut.

Disruption of Lipomyces starkeyi cells grown in hydrolyzed cheese-whey by high pressure homogenization for enhancing lipid extraction

ABSTRACT Lipids of microbial sources can be used for various purposes, such as enrichment of edible oils. In this study, L. starkeyi was grown in enzymatically hydrolyzed cheese whey medium and disrupted by the high-pressure homogenization (HPH) method. A maximal lipid yield of 42.1 ± 0.52% was obtained at 150 MPa and 7 passes. According to the analysis of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), L. starkeyi lipid was found to be rich in palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids. Also, L. starkeyi lipid proved to be a valuable source of omega-3 (0.26-0.89%) and omega-7 (3.65-3.92%) fatty acids. Thus, HPH method is shown to be a promising method for lipid extraction from Lipomyces starkeyi biomass grown in hydrolyzed cheese whey medium.

An Ultra-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer with an Intermediate-Pressure Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Source.

The demand for high-resolution, high-throughput and spatially resolved mass analysis has been a key focus in developing mass spectrometers. We have developed a novel high-performance mass spectrometer by integrating matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source with a new planar electrostatic ion trap mass analyzer for ultrahigh-resolution MALDI source mass analysis. Performance characterization experiments show that with a transient time of 800 ms, the resolution for 392 Th can exceed 530 K by utilizing high-order harmonics, and the spectrometer can distinguish the isotopic peaks in the Met-Arg-Phe-Ala acetate salt (MRFA) M+2 peak family. Preliminary results also show an overall mass range from 133 to 9500 Th by stitching together multiple single scans with at least 6-fold mass range, and a low detection limit of 32 fg. Initial tests on analysis of edible oils demonstrate its capability to distinguish plant and animal oils based on triacylglycerols.

Exploration of a modified pretreatment process coupled with GC-MS/MS for determination of 18 phthalates in edible oils.

Phthalates (PAEs), which are pollutants that most easily migrate from plastic packages to edible oils, have received increasing attention. In this work, a sample preconditioning method was proposed and explored, involving a single-step extraction using a methanol and ethyl hexanoate mixed solvent, followed by clean-up with a mixed absorbent of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and N-propyl ethylenediamine (PSA), for the determination of 18 PAEs in oil samples through GC-MS/MS analysis. The triazine ring structure and conjugated aromatic heterocyclic accumulation structure of g-C3N4 and the amino-rich structure of PSA can provide hydrogen bonds, conjugated π-π interactions, and hydrophobic effects for the removal of interferences such as organic acids, aliphatic acids, and pigments. To achieve optimal analytical performance, key extraction and purification parameters that may affect the pretreatment efficiency-such as the extraction solution, its volume ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time, and the amount of the clean-up absorbent-were systematically explored and optimized. When applied to edible oil analysis, an excellent linear range from 0.2 to 8.0 mg kg-1 with a preferable coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.9989) and satisfactory sensitivity (LOD and LOQ ranging from 0.0002 mg kg-1 to 0.08 mg kg-1 and 0.0004 mg kg-1 to 0.2 mg kg-1, respectively) were obtained. Moreover, a relatively satisfactory recovery varying from 71.4% to 107.9% and the corresponding repeatability ranging from 0.3% to 6.8% were acquired. Furthermore, this work offers a new idea for exploring the application of novel nanocomposites in the pretreatment process.

UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of HBCDDs and TBBPA with a focus on reliable detection of trace amounts in food

Abstract Brominated flame retardants (BFR) are a broad class of substances with great economic importance. They can accumulate in the environment and become persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Two major substance classes are the 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Because of their known toxicity and potential accumulation in the food chain, their detection in food is crucial. A sensitive method was developed and successfully validated to quantify the three most pertinent HBCDD isomers, α-, β- and γ-HBCDD and TBBPA in a wide variety of food matrices, including fish, meat, oil and insect powder. As an improvement to the methods described in the Guidance Document on the Determination of Organobromine Contaminants of the European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) POPs our method is a time- and cost-saving alternative fulfilling all relevant parameters required for official food control by using commercially available laboratory equipment. The powdered sample is extracted without further clean-up on a sulfuric silica gel column and analysed via ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The method performance was demonstrated for the matrices insect flour, fish and olive oil with focus on the parameters linearity (0.1 to 10.0 ng mL−1 for HBCDDs and 1 to 50 ng mL−1 for TBBPA), trueness (89.7–118.6%), repeatability (1.59–9.46%), recovery of deuterated standard (63.8–105.6% for HBCDDs), limit of detection (≤ 0.005 µg/kg for HBCDDs and ≤ 0.046 µg/kg for TBBPA) and limit of quantification (≤ 0.016 µg/kg for HBCDDs and ≤ 0.147 µg/kg for TBBPA). The method was successfully applied in proficiency tests organised by the EURL POPs on the determination of HBCDDs and TBBPA in various food matrices.

A novel freezing crystallization‐HPLC method combined with machine learning for determining pigments and geographical classification of extra virgin olive oil

AbstractEffective removal of the fatty acid matrix and enrichment of trace target components is a key step in the quantitative analysis of minor components in edible oils. In this study, a novel sample pretreatment method named freezing crystallization was developed to analyze pigments in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The limits of detection and limits of quantification of this method were 0.125–0.625 μg/mL and 0.5–2.5 μg/mL, respectively. Linear correlations were obtained (r2 ≥ 0.9995), and the recoveries at three spiked levels were 84.2%–105.8%. Besides, the primary pigment components information combined with machine learning to classify the origin of Chinese EVOOs. The k‐nearest neighbor (kNN), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) were employed to classify the origin of EVOOs, and the accuracies were up to 88%, 88%, and 96%, respectively. This result shows that the novel method has good accuracy and stability, and pigments can be used as a basis for classifying the geographical origin of Chinese domestic EVOOs.

Ecological Interactions Between Camellia oleifera and Insect Pollinators Across Heterogeneous Habitats

Camellia oleifera is an important woody oil plant in southern China, and developing its industry can enhance forest resource uses and increase edible oil supply. This study investigated the floral characteristics of different C. oleifera varieties, analysed the species and diversity of flower-visiting insects in different habitats, identified the main pollinators and their flower-visiting behaviours, and explored the relationship between pollinating insects and their floral characteristics. The floral lifespan of individual C. oleifera flowers was 5–8 d across cultivars, which is essentially the same. However, floral traits and nectar sugar composition exhibited distinct differences. There were 22 species of insect pollinators from 14 genera and 8 families, including Hymenoptera and Diptera, in 3 habitats. High-potential pollinators varied by habitat, with Apis cerana and Phytomia zonata being the most frequent. A comparison showed that A. cerana was the best pollinator, whereas P. zonata had a larger population, was not affected by oil tea nectar poisoning, and could still pollinate. Therefore, the contribution of P. zonata cannot be overlooked. Redundancy analysis revealed the response relationship between the floral traits of C. oleifera and three insect population characteristics. Stamen length was the main floral trait affecting insect populations.

Effects of plant-derived antioxidants to the oxidative stability of edible oils under thermal and storage conditions: Benefits, challenges and sustainable solutions.

Effects of plant-derived antioxidants to the oxidative stability of edible oils under thermal and storage conditions: Benefits, challenges and sustainable solutions.

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Approach for Proteomic and Metabolomic Analyses of High-Protein Soybean Seeds.

Soybeans are a valuable source of vegetable protein and edible oil. Fast neutron (FN) radiation was employed to produce large chromosomal deletions in soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill. We conducted proteomic and metabolomic profiling of a high-protein soybean mutant (G15FN-12) developed through FN mutagenesis to identify the metabolic pathways that underlie the elevated protein content. A deletion of 137 genes located on chromosome-12 had occurred in G15FN-12. Tandem tag-based protein profiling of the mutant and wild type identified 6098 proteins, of which 175 showed increased abundance and 239 showed decreased abundance in the mutant seeds. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic profiling, we identified 610 metabolites, of which 294 metabolites showed increased and 157 showed reduced content in mutant seeds as compared to wild type. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling revealed a decrease in ubiquitin-proteasome-associated proteins and an increase in heat shock proteins in the mutant seed. We hypothesize that decreased protein degradation, together with enhanced refolding of misfolded protein by molecular chaperones, contributes to elevated protein content in the mutant seed. The development of value-added seed traits such as increased protein using advanced metabolic engineering techniques can be achieved by further exploring the metabolic pathways identified in this investigation.

Integrative analyses reveal Bna-miR397a-BnaLAC2 as a potential modulator of low-temperature adaptability in Brassica napus L.

Brassica napus L. (B. napus) is a major edible oil crop grown around the southern part of China, which often faces cold stress, posing potential damage to vegetative tissues. To sustain growth and reproduction, a detailed understanding of fundamental regulatory processes in B. napus against long-term low temperature (LT) stress is necessary for breeders to adjust the level of LT adaption in a given region and is therefore of great economic importance. Till now, studies on microRNAs (miRNAs) in coping with LT adaption in B. napus are limited. Here, we performed an in-depth analysis on two B. napus varieties with distinct adaptability to LT stress. Through integration of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and small RNA-sequencing (sRNA-seq), we identified 106 modules comprising differentially expressed miRNAs and corresponding potential targets based on strong negative correlations between their dynamic expression patterns. Specifically, we demonstrated that Bna-miR397a post-transcriptionally regulates a LACCASE (LAC) gene, BnaLAC2, to enhance the adaption to LT stresses in B. napus by reducing the total lignin remodelling and ROS homeostasis. In addition, the miR397-LAC2 module was also proved to improve freezing tolerance of Arabidopsis, indicating a conserved role of miR397-LAC2 in Cruciferae plants. Overall, this work provides the first description of a miRNA-mediated-module signature for LT adaption and highlights the prominent role of laccase in future breeding programme of LT tolerant B. napus.

The Recent trend in Bio-fortified wheat production-A review

The daily dietary recommendation is different for both men and women; women’s require 8 mg/day of zinc, while men require 11 mg/day. Daily meals do not have these micronutrients in the diet; therefore, they should be supplied from outside sources. Therefore, biofortified wheat is the best option, where more than 2 million people are suffering from malnutrition (FAO, 2016). There are various products of cereals, such as flour from cereals, which is used for making bread & other products for breakfast cereals, such as pasta, snack foods, dry mixes, cakes, pastries, and tortillas. If more bio-fortified cereals can be grown it could enhance the nutritional value of the food as well as sales. Some of the major players in the Indian breakfast cereals market are Kellogg Co., Nestle, PepsiCo, Bagrry's India Ltd and Marico. Kellogg’s Froot Loops, Kellogg’s rasin bran, Quaker, Wheaties, Nestle fitness and private brands using such products. As per WHO recommendations, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has made it a policy for a wide food fortification program now. Common staple foods such as wheat flour, rice, edible oil, and milk have been selected as food vehicles for different micronutrient fortifications.

Simultaneous analysis of PAEs in edible oil and dietary exposure assessment in Hubei.

Simultaneous analysis of PAEs in edible oil and dietary exposure assessment in Hubei.

Preparation of waste toner-derived magnetic adsorbent for analysis of lead in aqueous and oil-based foods

Preparation of waste toner-derived magnetic adsorbent for analysis of lead in aqueous and oil-based foods

Strengthening the quality standards of used edible oils through the incorporation of distillation thyme powder

Strengthening the quality standards of used edible oils through the incorporation of distillation thyme powder