ABSTRACT Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy of many countries, especially in regions where a large population depends on farming. However, farmers face challenges such as unpredictable weather conditions, soil variability, and improper crop selection, leading to reduced productivity. This research proposes an intelligent crop prediction system using a combination of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Genetic Algorithm techniques. The system utilizes soil parameters such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and pH along with environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and rainfall to predict suitable crops. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model is used to capture time-series patterns in weather data, while Random Forest is applied for classification. Genetic Algorithm is used to optimize model parameters and improve performance. The system also integrates Explainable AI techniques to enhance interpretability. Experimental results show improved accuracy and efficiency compared to traditional methods. This approach helps farmers make better decisions and increases agricultural productivity. KEYWORDS Crop Prediction, Machine Learning, LSTM, Genetic Algorithm, Agriculture, Deep Learning

Relevance. In the current context, anti-Russian sanctions are a key factor determining the dynamics of the Russian economy and its level of economic security, leading to increased attention to assessing their impact. In this context, an in-depth analysis of the impact of sanctions on the economic security of the real sector of the economy, which serves as the foundation for achieving stability and sustainability of the national economy as a whole, is required. The purpose of the study is develop a methodology for assessing the level of economic security of the real sector of the national economy. Objectives: analyze the mechanism by which sanctions influence the Russian economy; provide a scientific basis for the key stages of the methodology for assessing the level of economic security of the real sector of the national economy; test this methodology using data for 2011‒2024; and provide a meaningful interpretation of the results. Methods. Quantitative and qualitative, monographic and retrospective analysis, methods for comparing economic phenomena and processes, graphical and matrix modeling, the index method, and scenario and systems approach tools were used. Results. The real sector of the economy is the core of the country's economy, determining its resilience to sanctions. Therefore, ensuring the economic security of the real sector in the face of increasing sanctions pressure is a priority. To address this, this paper presents a scientifically substantiated methodology for assessing the level of economic security of the real sector of the national economy. This methodology consists of a sequentially implemented set of five stages. This methodology is based on publicly available Rosstat data on the dynamics of gross value added and the share of the real sector in the national economy. A matrix model for interpreting the results obtained using the developed methodology is proposed. The theoretical propositions of the study advance the theory of economic security. Conclusions. The authors' methodology for assessing the level of economic security of the real sector of the national economy under sanctions, based on available statistical data, allows not only to model the situation and assess the state of economic security, but also to develop a scientifically sound forecast of short-term changes in the situation, considering recommended measures to ensure economic security. The applied findings of the study may be useful to government officials and the management of enterprises in the real sector of the economy when substantiating measures and developing strategies and programs to strengthen economic security under sanctions.

In most of the economies of different countries in the world, banks play a very important role in economic stability. We know that if the banks are not managed correctly, this issue will have heavy economic, political and social consequences for the society of that country. If we can find the important factors in the correct and accurate management of banks in the economy of a country, it will help the sustainable economic growth of that economy. In this research, we seek to find out how political shareholders affect the management of banks. To achieve this goal, the financial information of commercial banks of ten countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the years 2015-2020 and also the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model have been used. After calculating the percentage of government shares in the investigated banks, we analyze income smoothing using loan loss provisions (LLPs). One of the factors that has been considered in this regard is the elections in these countries and income smoothing in election years has been compared with other years. The obtained results show that income smoothing is more in banks that have more government shareholders. Another noteworthy point is that the election factor has a significant impact on the management of banks.

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most dangerous types of weather, originate over warm tropical oceans and can seriously harm people, infrastructure, ecosystems, and country economies. The Arabian Sea is an important area for the development of TCs, but not much research has been done on how cyclones behave there over time and in different seasons. This study looks at TC activity over the Arabian Sea from 1982 to 2021, focusing on TC tracks, energy metrics, including the accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) and power dissipation index (PDI), and TC duration. The results show a big change in TC tracks over time and between seasons. In the pre-monsoon, northwest and northeast tracks are the dominant tracks, whereas in the post-monsoon, northwest and westward tracks are the most common. There has been a big increase in the ACE, the PDI, and the lifespan of TCs, especially in the post-monsoon season, over the second half of the study. The study also looks at how large-scale synoptic characteristics, like sea surface temperature (SST), vertical wind shear (VWS), upper-level winds, sea level pressure (SLP), and relative humidity (RH) affect the behavior of TCs. The results show that higher SSTs and lower VWSs have made TCs stronger and last longer. Also, upper-level winds, SLP, and RH are significant for changing the paths of TCs. This study provides a comprehensive, seasonally resolved look at how TC activity has changed over the past four decades in the Arabian Sea. It also gives us new insights into how environmental factors have affected TC behavior over time.

Corruption is a form of crime that has a direct impact on the welfare of society. Corruption is an unlawful act carried out to enrich oneself, another person, or a corporation, which is detrimental to state finances or the country's economy. Corruption is also a crime that is included in the category of special crimes because it has different specifications from general crimes both in procedural law and material (substance), especially in the handling of evidence of special crimes whose origins must be examined so that the handling of the crime does not harm parties who are not involved. Corruption is also regulated in various regulations such as Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption, Law Number 15 of 2002 concerning the Crime of Money Laundering, Law Number 30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission, the latest Criminal Code (Law Number 1 of 2023), and so on. The law has regulated a number of provisions aimed at strengthening and perfecting the eradication of corruption in Indonesia as well as anticipating and eradicating various increasingly sophisticated corruption modes, as well as increasing the effectiveness of law enforcement related to corruption crimes. The method used is an empirical juridical approach with direct field research studies at the South Tapanuli District Attorney's Office. Mechanisms and Procedures for Securing Evidence in Corruption Crimes according to the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code and the Corruption Crime Law. The provisions of evidence according to the Criminal Procedure Code are regulated in articles 39-46 of the Criminal Procedure Code starting from Confiscation, Storage of Confiscated Objects, Management of Confiscated Objects / evidence after having permanent legal force. Meanwhile, Law No. 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes regulates more specifically the management of evidence, especially related to assets resulting from corruption by means of Asset Confiscation (Article 18 of the Corruption Law). Confiscation of Assets suspected of originating from criminal acts of corruption, Blocking and Custody, to Execution of Decisions. The Role of the Prosecutor's Office in Securing Evidence that has been In Kracht in corruption cases. The Prosecutor's Office through the Asset Recovery and Evidence Management division has a role in managing evidence as regulated in the Regulation of the Attorney General of the Republic of Indonesia Number: PER-027/A/JA/10/2014 Concerning Guidelines for Asset Recovery. In practice, the management of evidence carried out by the Prosecutor's Office through the Asset Recovery and Evidence Management Division consists of 5, namely: Direct Sales, Indirect Sales, Determination of Use Status, Grants, and Destruction. Implementation of Evidence Securing in the Practice of Corruption Law Enforcement at the South Tapanuli District Prosecutor's Office. Evidence Securing in criminal acts of corruption at the South Tapanuli District Prosecutor's Office often takes the form of documents, financial transactions, and letters.

The article examines the problem of theoretically understanding the internationalization of international business in the context of distinguishing between the concepts of «market entry» and «depth of integration». The aim of the study is to develop a conceptional approach for analyzing the depth of international business integration as an independent analytical dimension of international economic presence. It is substantiated that traditional internationalization models focus mainly on market entry forms and expansion motives, which does not allow for a full assessment of the quality of a company’s integration into the national economy of the host country. The methodological foundation of the study consists of systems analysis, a comparative approach, and the theoretical synthesis of classical internationalization models (the Uppsala models, the OLI eclectic paradigm, and the Born Global approach). Based on the generalization of the provisions of the specified theoretical directions, a four-dimensional structure of the depth of international business integration is proposed, which includes production, innovation-technological, human resources, and institutional dimensions. A system of indicators has been developed for their operationalization, and a typology of integration configurations (surface, production-oriented, innovation-oriented, systemic) has been created. The main outcome of the study is the development of a conceptional framework that establishes the relationship between the mode of market entry, the development of individual dimensions of integration, the type of configuration, and the nature of economic consequences for the host economy. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of using the proposed approach to assess the quality of companies’ international presence, as well as to support decision-making in the sphere of State policy to promote international business integration. The proposed conception provides a theoretical foundation for further empirical testing and the development of tools for the strategic selection of integration forms.

Subject. This article discusses the impact of high-performance computing development on the economy of Brazil. Objectives. The study aims to analyze Brazil'ss micro- and macroeconomic indicators, identify the most developed sectors of the country's economy, and to assess the effect of increasing high-performance computing in advanced sectors of the economy. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis, synthesis, classification, abstraction, formalization, the Cost-Output model, and case study analysis. Results. Increasing high-performance computing in advanced sectors of Brazil's economy can directly impact cost reduction, increase productivity and efficiency, which will have an effect on other areas of the country's economy. Conclusions. Enhancing high-performance computing can have a colossal impact on the country's economy, reduce the cost of goods and services produced, which can help improve the competitiveness of the country's exports and positively influence household consumption.

Subject. This article examines the issues of reflecting monetary policy in the Russian economy. Objectives. The article aims to identify the interrelationships between the conducted monetary policy and the development of the national economy. Methods. For the study, I used general scientific and specialized economic and mathematical methods. Results. The article confirms the correlation between changes in the key interest rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and the cost of borrowing money by commercial banks. The article identifies a high level of debt on loans and acquired claims on loans provided to resident legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, and it shows that fiscal policy exerts excessive influence on the economy through fiscal measures, while government debt securities act as a compensator for negative effects. Conclusions and Relevance. The study results complement the methods of improving the efficiency of banking sector regulation, optimizing State economic policy, and reducing financial risks in the country's economy. The identified interrelationships between the conducted monetary policy and the development of the national economy may represent a certain value for government authorities, experts, and researchers, providing important analytical information for improving the mechanism of macroeconomic regulation and adapting institutions to external shocks and internal challenges.

In recent years, the digital economy has developed rapidly in China. Its advantages in alleviating farmers' credit constraints, information constraints and facilitating risk diversification may be conducive to farmers' adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) technology. Based on survey data from 1108 kiwifruit growers, this article empirically analyzes the impact and mechanism of digital economy participation on farmers' adoption of IPM technology. This study revealed that digital economy participation can significantly promote farmers' adoption of IPM technology. Different dimensions of digital economy: digital production, digital sales, and digital finance can significantly promote farmers' adoption of IPM technology, with the impact effects in descending order being digital sales, digital finance, and digital production. Participation in the digital economy can promote farmers' adoption of IPM technology through premium incentive, improving farmers' technical cognition level, and enhancing their risk resistance. In terms of the sub-dimensions of the digital economy, premium incentive is the primary mechanism for digital production and digital sales, while risk resistance is the dominant mechanism in digital finance. Moreover, digital economy participation has a greater impact effect on the adoption of IPM technologyamong younger farmers, those with higher education, and those with larger planting areas. This article emphasizes the importance of farmers' participation in the digital economy for the diffusion of IPM technology and provide insights from the digital economy for countries that are actively promoting IPM technology. Policymakers should encourage farmers to participate in the digital economy and provide convenient conditions for this. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

The main objective of the research paper is to accomplish a comparative analysis of the energy dependence of the EU member states. This objective is de-composited in several sub-objectives: First, to make a short literature review and a summary of the main ideas concerning energy dependence; Second, to clarify the methodology used for analysis of the energy dependence of the EU. Third, to analyze the nominal energy dependency of the EU, as well as the Union energy dependency by energy types.Fourth, to analyze the energy intensity of the economy of the European Union countries. The research and analytical methods used for the development of the paper involve comparative analysis of the available data on energy security indicators, graphical and table presentation of statistical and empirical data and survey of available legal and analytical research on the topic. Entirely secondary data sources have been used in the research. The research results comprise: - the introduction of two new concepts as a result of the analysis – the nominal energy dependency and the real energy dependency; - the construction of an energy dependency classifying scheme for the European Union member states; - the construction of an classification grid of the energy dependence of the EU member states by energy type. The research results present the author contribution to the research field of energy dependency. They add value not only in analytical terms but also pave the road for formulating further ideas and evidence-based recommendations on policy measures.

In the context of global turbulence, the creative economy is emerging as a pivotal asset in the pursuit of national competitiveness and territorial resilience. Concurrently, the evolution of the creative economy is inextricably linked to the prevailing digital and "green" agendas. The integration of the creative sector into the digital economy and its contribution to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) require fundamentally new methodological approaches, thereby fostering the formation of a scientific basis for building a new paradigm of sustainable regional development in post-crisis and crisis periods. In this context, the need for a quantitative assessment of the correlation between external constraints (barriers) and internal growth factors becomes a priority task for the design of effective anti-crisis strategies. The aim of such strategies is to ensure the viability of regional development under conditions of turbulence. The purpose of this article is to provide a quantitative assessment and modelling of the interdependencies between growth factors and constraints on the development of the creative economy in Germany, France, Spain and Poland. The methodological framework of the study is based on comparable national statistical data for the period 2017–2024, obtained from the Eurostat database. The composite Creative Economy Development Index (CEDI) is employed as the dependent variable, constructed on the basis of indicators of employment in cultural sectors, the number of creative industry enterprises, and the volume of value added. The study employs a range of economic, innovation, digital, and socio-demographic factors as explanatory variables. These include gross domestic product, expenditure on research and development, indicators of digital accessibility, and the level of educational attainment of the population. The research employs a range of analytical techniques, including correlation analysis, factor analysis and multiple regression, enabling the consistent identification of relationships, their structuring into latent dimensions, and the assessment of the direction and strength of their influence. The findings of the study indicated that the factors propelling the growth of the creative economy concomitantly engender its constraints, thereby elucidating the variations in the developmental trajectories of the creative economy across countries adhering to disparate models. The findings demonstrate that the creative economy in Europe does not develop in accordance with the principle of "more technologies – more creativity". Instead, it follows the logic of a structural balance between the economic and innovation base, the digital environment, and human capital. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the obtained results in the development not only of creative industry development strategies aimed at the integrated advancement of the economic and innovation base, digital infrastructure, and human capital, but also of broader regional development strategies. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the empirical substantiation of stable interdependencies between growth factors and constraints on the development of the creative economy in countries with different socio-economic models. This expands theoretical understanding of the mechanisms underlying the functioning of the creative economy in the European space.

ABSTRACT Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a concept popularized in the USA to create nodes of development around transit stops. These nodes should include housing, shopping, employment, and entertainment facilities to reduce the need for car travel. This article explores another form of transit-oriented development that serves the townships and informal settlements where the majority of South Africans reside. Here, minibus taxis are one of the most common forms of transport to work and school for these residents. These taxis also attract formal and informal businesses that serve their needs and those of the passengers at taxi ranks and waiting areas. In Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality (MMM), despite the massive contribution to the city and country's economy, minibus taxis are overlooked in planning for townships and around informal settlements. While informal transit systems are often associated with challenges, including safety concerns and regulatory complexities, this article argues for a paradigm shift in perspective. Rather than viewing minibus taxis solely as a 'necessary nuisance,' there is an opportunity to recognize them as catalysts for inclusive transit-oriented development. In a broader context, the article advocates for a shift away from grandiose projects to a more tactical and incremental transit-oriented development approach.

Beekeeping that is one of the livestock activities is one of the sectors with significant added value in the country's economy. In addition to honey production, products like propolis, pollen and royal jelly are also produced in beekeeping activities. As in Türkiye, the demand for beekeeping products is increasing in Çanakkale province due to population growth. In order to make appropriate policy inferences against this increasing demand, it is crucial to comprehend the future course of honey production. Forecasting honey production and making informed decisions on the beekeeping sector’s future requires the implementation of production plans. The study aims to predict honey production amount in Çanakkale province for the period 2025-2030 using honey production data covering the periods 1999-2024. Honey production was estimated using the ARIMA model. According to the research results, honey production in Çanakkale province is estimated to be approximately 2.325 tons in 2025 and 2.639 tons in 2030. Consequently, the estimates of honey production are expected to provide valuable information to policymakers and decision makers.

The creative industries sector holds considerable potential to contribute to the development of the transitive economies of Central Asian countries by creating high-skilled jobs and promoting sustainable socio-economic growth. Amid the accelerating regionalization of the global economy and the deep transformation of traditional cultural and economic development models, investigating the integration potential of creative industries has gained heightened relevance from both scientific and practical standpoints. For Central Asian countries, creative industries are not merely a significant driver of economic growth but also a powerful instrument for fostering supranational identity, strengthening cultural cohesion, and establishing enduring networks of cross-border cooperation.The aim of this study is to develop a theoretical and methodological framework for assessing the integration potential of creative industries in Central Asia through a comprehensive multi-level approach. The analysis substantiates the need to shift from fragmented examinations of individual national creative sectors to a systematic analysis of the regional ecosystem, in which institutional, economic, sociocultural, and digital factors emerge as critical drivers of integration. The methodological foundation rests on concepts of regional economic integration, creative economy theory, institutional and network approaches, supplemented by methods of comparative analysis, indexing, and scenario modeling. The article proposes the author’s model of the Integration Index of Creative Industries in Central Asia, which provides a quantitative assessment of the level of interconnectedness among the countries of the region and also allows for the systematic identification of key bottlenecks that hinder the further deepening of integration processes in the region.The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a conceptually and methodologically integrated toolkit for analyzing the integration of creative industries at the supranational level, consistently adapted to the socioeconomic and cultural specificities of Central Asia. The practical significance of the work is determined by the broad applicability of the obtained results in the development of regional development strategies, targeted programs for supporting creative industries, as well as interstate initiatives in the fields of culture and economy.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the state's influence on the process of digitalization of the economy in Russia and foreign countries. The article provides documents that present the main directions of implementing the process of digitalization of the economy in Russia. The article also examines the experience of foreign countries in implementing the process of digitalization.

Objective: The article aims to explore the impact of trade openness on the economic development of Ukrainian regions in different conditions, with a particular focus on the global financial crisis (2007-2009) and the ‘hybrid’ stage of the war (2014-2021). Research Design & Methods: We analysed the influence of trade openness on economic development, considering exchange rate fluctuation and foreign direct investment (FDI). Based on 21 input variables, we created the composite index of economic development using principal component analysis. To verify the hypothesis about the impact of determinants on economic development, we employed this index as a dependent variable in autoregressive dynamic panel models with error correction terms. We used trade openness, exchange rate, and foreign investment as explanatory factors. The article presents the examination of the effects of the mentioned variables across several regional categories, including coastal vs. non-coastal regions, regions with different levels of urbanisation and trade openness, and regions affected by military occupation. Findings: The findings reveal that trade openness has a significant positive impact on regional development, with its highest influence in the pre-war period. Economic growth of coastal regions is more sensitive to trade openness and FDI, compared to non-coastal regions. Moreover, regions with a higher level of trade openness experience stronger positive effects of FDI. We identified the increased impact of trade openness and FDI on the economic development of coastal regions during the 2007-2009 crisis. On the other hand, their influence decreases in non-coastal regions, compared to pre-crisis years. Furthermore, FDI has a positive effect on economic performance, particularly in non-occupied regions. Implications & Recommendations: The article’s results are important to better understand the interaction between trade openness and the economic development of Ukrainian regions, especially during the crisis and war periods. The findings indicate that higher trade openness should be achieved to ensure the economic stability of the country’s regions. That is why it is necessary to develop a strategy for the expansion and diversification of Ukrainian exports. The received results could help improve target programs that aim to promote the economic development of the country’s regions. The findings could also serve trade-oriented businesses to understand regional processes in more detail and to enhance decision-making under war conditions. Contribution & Value Added: The novelty of the article is threefold: (i) practical analysis of Ukraine that can serve as a benchmark in future research for comparative analysis between this country and other economies; (ii) comparison of the impact of trade openness on economic development of regions under crisis and non-crisis conditions; and (iii) the use of several classifications of the country’s regions (i.e., the proximity to the war zone, the sea access, and the urbanisation level) to identify peculiarities of the above-mentioned impact during the ‘hybrid’ stage of the war.

The growing trend of promoting an environmentally responsible lifestyle and business's careful attitude to the planet's resources is driven by the potential that the closed-loop economy and government programs of many developed countries are striving for. Recycling has gone through a difficult path in Russia, and currently specific targets have been set at the legislative level for the level of involvement of raw materials in recycling. Today, recycling is one of the important areas for effective environmental management for both enterprises and national economies as a whole, although the level of implementation of recycling systems in different countries differs in individual technological, cultural and economic development, as well as due to different levels of legislative support and government regulatory mechanisms.

Purpose This study aims to investigate non-interest-bearing real estate acquisition and investment as financed across four countries, namely, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Indonesia and Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach This paper used a quantitative research approach. It employed a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Autoregressive Distributed Lag model techniques, using quarterly data from 2014Q1 to 2024Q2 for analysis. Findings The findings indicate that financing Mudarabah is stronger in Indonesia than in other non-interest-bearing real estate acquisitions and investments. They also demonstrated that Musharakah and Musharakah-mutanakisah have a significant influence on Mudarabah financing, particularly in Malaysia and Pakistan, but not in Saudi Arabia. The findings also revealed that Musharakah and Musharakah-Mutanakisah asymmetrically and significantly predict Mudarabah financing. Research limitations/implications Data constraint is one of the main limitations of this study. Most Islamic banks that provide their information on the Islamic Financial Services Board database do not provide detailed information that could be used for analysis. Therefore, the analysis was restricted to four Asian countries. Insufficient data for including Murabahah in this study supports the conclusion of some researchers that Murabahah attracts less attention from Islamic banks as a means of financing. Practical implications The findings of this study have practical implications, suggesting that in the presence of asymmetric information, Islamic bank stakeholders possess different levels of information regarding similar contracts. This discrepancy could lead the fund provider to withdraw the investment deposit from the bank, potentially affecting its economic viability. Therefore, intervention by authority is crucial for contract financing, particularly when asymmetric effects are present, before the triple effect of asymmetric information impacts the national economy in countries where asymmetric information is significant. Originality/value This study is unique in employing asymmetric modelling to provide the presence of long-run effects and asymmetric relationships across the countries under study. The findings from this study provide insight into real estate portfolio managers, authorities and prospective investors in non-interest-bearing real estate acquisition and investment across four countries.

Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy of many countries. However, traditional farming methods face many challenges such as water shortage, climate change, and inefficient resource management. The Internet of Things (IoT) provides a modern solution to these problems by enabling smart farming techniques. IoT-based farming uses sensors, wireless communication, and automation to monitor soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and crop health in real time. This paper presents an overview of IoT-based innovative farming and explains how it can improve productivity, reduce labor, and ensure sustainable agricultural development for a better future.

Indonesia's abundant natural resources, including the mining sector which contributes significantly to the country's economy, must be utilized carefully to preserve the environment. One of the main requirements for obtaining a business license is the Spatial Utilization Conformity Instrument (KKPR). The KKPR ensures that all business activities, including mining, can only be carried out in areas that are legally, ecologically, and spatially declared through digital verification of the RTRW and RDTR in the OSS system. This study aims to analyze the mechanism of spatial utilization activity compliance in mining business permits. This study uses a normative juridical approach, examining the rules, principles, and norms of positive law related to environmental preservation and the Mechanism of Spatial Utilization Activity Compliance (KKPR) in mining business licensing. Based on the results of the study, the KKPR mechanism in mining business permits is normatively designed as a spatial planning-based preventive instrument, but after the Job Creation Law, it tends to shift to an administrative instrument that depends on OSS and the availability of RDTR, thereby weakening its substantive control function. Furthermore, the implications of KKPR for environmental conservation have not been effective because assessments often ignore the carrying capacity and capacity of the environment, as reflected in the cases of mining on Sangihe Island and Trenggalek.