Economic Violence Research Articles

The brutality of the breadwinner: historicising economic violence in the wake of the Australian Married Women’s Property Acts, 1880–1914

In 1982, Judith Allen argued that colonial women’s economic dependence on the male breadwinner was both ‘the precondition for family violence and the reason for its continuation’. Although the economic constraints of coverture were seemingly eroded with the intermittent passage of Married Women’s Property Acts throughout the Australian colonies, women’s economic dependence in marriage was not only maintained, but endorsed. This article historicises economic violence in turn-of-the-century Australia. I connect and compare feminist concerns about women’s economic dependence in marriage expressed in colonial women’s writings to wives’ divorce petitions and the masculine marital behaviours they framed as ‘cruelty’. Significantly, I demonstrate how financial abuse in marriage persisted, and in some cases was exacerbated following the passage of Married Women’s Property Acts, with both colonial women’s fiction and divorce petitions revealing how the economic foundations of marriage continued to render wives vulnerable to desertion, neglect, exploitation, extortion and violence.

Phraseological Representation of the Concept of «Abuse» in the Russian Language

The subject of the study in the article is the peculiarities of the semantics of phraseological units, which can be attributed to the representatives of such a new borrowed concept as «abuse». The purpose of the article is to describe the corpus of units of the phraseological system of the Russian language, revealing the semantic scope of the concept denoted by the lexeme «abuse». The study was carried out on the material of 133 units taken from modern phraseological dictionaries and qualified as linguistic means of nominating the socio-psychological phenomenon of abuse. As a result of the application of the method of semantic analysis, 3 groups of phraseological representatives of the concept of «abuse» were identified: «Psychological violence» (dominant semes in the structure of phraseological meaning: 'torment', 'bother', 'disturb', 'demand', 'pursue', 'scare', 'confuse'), «Physical violence» (dominant semes: 'exploit', 'crack down', 'subjugat') and «Economic violence» ('appropriate', 'ruin'). It is noted that the social and psychological phenomenon of abuse in the Russian language has a wide objectification by phraseological means, which we note within the framework of a more capacious linguocognitive category – «Attitude». The functioning of phraseological units with similar semantics is typical for family, friendly, work and school discourses that define different spheres of interpersonal and social relationships

"Stuck Due to COVID": Applying the Power and Control Model to Migrant and Refugee Women's Experiences of Family Domestic Violence in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic had acute and lasting gendered impacts around the world, with UN Women declaring a shadow pandemic of violence against women. This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migrant and refugee women's experiences of family domestic violence (FDV) in Western Australia (WA) using a community-based participatory research approach. Thirty-eight interviews and two qualitative surveys conducted with 27 women were included in the analysis. Interview and survey data underwent reflexive thematic analysis informed by the Power and Control Wheel, generating three themes and ten subthemes: (1) the facets of violence women experienced (isolation; economic violence; emotional violence; visa vulnerabilities; fear and uncertainty), (2) the systemic enablers of FDV and barriers to seeking help (FDV service provision; the immigration system), and (3) the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and government measures on women and family (enabling FDV; reducing the impact of FDV; COVID-19 paled into insignificance). While for some migrant and refugee women, government measures facilitated access to support for FDV, our findings show that for others, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated and became part of the violence they had already experienced. Recommendations for tailored FDV and other support during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed, including the expansion of family violence provisions for all visa types.

Perceptions of Violence in Universities: Contextual Panoramas

This paper aimed to present some theoretical-methodological reflections on perceptions of violence in the university context as indicated by the 202 participants enrolled in the III National Seminar and I International Seminar on Education and Culture for Teacher Training, which took place between May 18-28 and June 9, 2021. The data presented come from a survey collected through a questionnaire administered via Google Forms. The discussions were based on the theoretical framework of Critical Theory of Society. Considering ethical concerns, the information disclosed is organized as general data, without identifying individuals. Results indicated that the majority of participants were women; among those who self-identified as belonging to a social minority, the categories include: non-white women, immigrants, poor individuals, and residents of peripheral areas. Participants stated that they had witnessed or experienced violence within the university, often due to their minority status. The reported forms of violence included racism (22%), homophobia (18%), sexism (11%), age-related violence (11%), economic violence (10%), xenophobia (9%), violence against people with disabilities (7%), lesbophobia (6%), transphobia (3%), social violence (2%), and libophobia (1%).

Perception of Verbal Aggression with Tendency of Domestic Violence with Selfcontrol as a Mediator with Self-Control as a Mediator

This study aims to examine the relationship between perceptions of verbal aggression and the tendency of domestic violence (DV) and the role of self-control as a mediator variable. Domestic violence is a complex social problem, involving physical, verbal, psychological, and economic violence, with a significant impact on the welfare of individuals and families. The number of participants in the study was 150 married men who lived in Surabaya City and were (20-58 years old). The method used was a quantitative approach with a correlational research design with a prerequisite test with the help of SPSS. The calculation of the target sample used G-Power by looking at the sample size as a reference to determine the number of participants. The results of the study showed that verbal aggression and self-control had a relationship with the tendency of domestic violence. From the results of the coefficient test: 0.030 (p = 0.001, significant) This shows that verbal aggression (X) has a positive and significant direct relationship with the tendency of domestic violence (Y), Coefficient: 0.014 (p = 0.036, significant). This effect reflects the indirect influence of verbal aggression on the tendency of domestic violence through a mediator, namely self-control (Z). In other words, verbal aggression increases the likelihood of domestic violence partly through its effect on self control, and Coefficient: 0.044 (p < 0.001, significant). This total effect represents the combination of direct and indirect relationships of verbal aggression on the likelihood of domestic violence. Its value indicates a total effect of 0.044 units.

GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN NIGERIAN HIGHER EDUCATION: IMPACT ON STUDENTS, FACULTY, AND STAFF

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a critical global human rights issue, particularly prevalent in Africa and escalating in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Nigeria against female students, faculty, and staff. This disturbing problem demands immediate attention. Objective: To examine the prevalence and perpetrators of GBV against female students, faculty, and staff in Nigerian HEIs. Methods: The study employed a cross-cultural descriptive survey research design, targeting female students, faculty, and staff in HEIs across Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 960 participants from HEIs across the six geopolitical zones. Data were analyzed using pie charts, frequencies, and percentages. Results: Findings indicate a high prevalence of psychological/emotional violence (students: 62.1%, faculty: 57.0%, staff: 58.2%), sexual violence (students: 60.0%, faculty: 25.0%, staff: 28.2%), economic violence (students: 51.2%, faculty: 37.0%, staff: 39.0%), and physical violence (students: 41.2%, faculty: 24.0%, staff: 28.0%). Students identified lecturers as the primary perpetrators of sexual (22%), psychological (17%), and economic/financial violence (20%), while non-relatives were the main perpetrators of physical violence (16%). Faculty and staff reported male colleagues as the primary perpetrators of sexual violence (34%), while husbands were the leading perpetrators of physical (25%), psychological (26%), and economic/financial violence (30%). Surprisingly, majority of perpetrators faced no real consequences, with 52.3% of students, 55.8% of faculty, and 52.1% of staff reporting that offenders were merely warned without punishment. Conclusion: The study indicates a significant prevalence of GBV in Nigerian HEIs, with psychological/emotional violence being the most common. The lack of accountability for offenders suggests the urgent need for stricter enforcement of policies and institutional reforms.

Ikhlas, Lepas, Tuntas : Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis tentang Pengalaman Perempuan Korban Toxic Relationship dalam Berpacaran

A toxic relationship is an unhealthy relationship between a man and a woman, which generally causes psychological and physical discomfort. This study focused on women as victims of toxic relationships, with semi-structured interviews with two female participants who experienced toxic relationships. Aiming to find out the description of the experiences of women victims of toxic relationships, with the uniqueness of each participant, then be analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The results found five main themes: toxic behavior; motivation to maintain relationships; the impact of a toxic relationship; self- awareness; hope. The unique theme that emerged in the participants was a complex form of violence in the second participant which was influenced by the duration of the relationship including physical, psychological, economic violence and other things. The findings in this study can be a lesson especially for people who are dating to be more aware of the health of the relationship that is being undertaken.

International experience in combating domestic violence

The problem of domestic violence is a global social phenomenon that requires a comprehensive approach to overcome. In Ukraine, in recent years, legislation and mechanisms for supporting victims of violence have been actively improved, but the problem remains relevant, and the country continues to look for effective ways to combat this phenomenon. The article examines international practices in combating domestic violence, in particular in Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. In Italy, an important role is played by a large-scale system of crisis centers that provide psychological, legal and social support to victims. The Netherlands uses an integrated approach to preventing violence, combining legislative initiatives, the work of social services, law enforcement agencies and public organizations. One of the important initiatives is the participation of aggressors in specialized correctional programs that help change their behavior and ensure their reintegration into society. Spain is known for its system of specialized courts that deal with cases of gender-based violence, which allows for the prompt and professional consideration of such cases. An important feature is the presence of multidisciplinary courts, which employ specialists from different fields, which ensures a comprehensive approach to each case. Sweden, in turn, is distinguished by the strictest laws against violence, including the criminalization of economic violence, as well as special attention to children who have witnessed violence and provides them with psychological support. The article proposes adapting these international practices to Ukrainian realities, in particular through the implementation of educational programs in schools, the creation of sensory rooms for children, and strengthening legislative initiatives to ensure adequate support for victims. A study of international experience reveals the importance of a comprehensive approach, which includes not only legislative initiatives, but also the active participation of public organizations, educational institutions, and social services in solving this problem. By adopting best practices, Ukraine can significantly increase the effectiveness of the fight against domestic violence by providing comprehensive assistance to victims, working with aggressors, and creating a safe environment for all citizens.

Conductas sexuales y consumo de sustancias, frente a la violencia en pareja según la Encuesta Nacional de la Juventud, Chile

Objective: To establish the relationship between sexual behaviors and substance use, and intimate partner violence according to the 2022 National Youth Survey of Chile. Methods: A quantitative, analytical, correlational study extracted from the 2022 National Youth Survey database, including all young people aged 15 to 29 who have already initiated sexual activity. Results: The average age of sexual initiation is between 15 and 19 years. 93.6% of the sample has had fewer than 4 sexual partners in the past year. 47.3% have been tested for human immunodeficiency virus. 96.7% of the sample has never had a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Psychological violence predominates, with 4.8% experiencing it from their partner and 4.1% towards their partner, surpassing aspects of physical, sexual, or economic violence. Conclusion: There is a relationship between sexual behaviors, substance use, and intimate partner violence among young couples. Early sexual initiation, condom use, human immunodeficiency virus testing, and the consumption of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana are significantly associated with intimate partner violence.

Gender-based economic violence and the exploitation of women: A deep dive.

Economic violence is a form of domestic violence that extends beyond physical harm, affecting victims' economic stability and independence. This situation perpetuates gender inequality and also reinforces the cycle of gender-based violence. With definitions of economic violence broadening to encompass a range of coercive and manipulative behaviors - from financial abuse in domestic violence scenarios to the economic harassment faced by stay-at-home moms - understanding this form of exploitation is crucial for crafting effective interventions. This article aims to delve into various facets of economic violence, including its definition, prevalence, and the stark realities it creates for its victims. Following the search of international databases: Social Work Abstracts (EBSCO), Psychology Abstracts, Family and Women Studies Worldwide, Psychiatry Online, Psych INFO (including Psych ARTICLES), PubMed, Wiley, and Scopus, 60 peer-reviewed articles that met all inclusion criteria were included in the paper. Our review clarifies that looking forward, the call for a comprehensive understanding of economic violence, enhanced legal frameworks, and the strengthening of supportive networks underscore the multidisciplinary approach required to combat this issue effectively.

Evaluation of the Prevalence of Domestic Violence in Pregnant Women in Zahedan and Its Effects on Pregnancy Outcome

Background: Domestic violence during pregnancy constitutes a significant risk factor for both maternal and child health, with potentially irreversible consequences. Objectives: Considering the importance of this issue in Zahedan city, the present research investigated the frequency, risk factors, and consequences of domestic violence against pregnant women in Zahedan city in 2017. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 pregnant women in the maternity ward of Ali Ibn Abi Taleb Hospital in Zahedan were randomly selected to be assessed for domestic violence. Participants completed a questionnaire that included demographic and clinical characteristics (including chief complaints upon admission) and the standard Persian questionnaire on violence against women by their spouses. The collected data were processed using SPSS statistical software. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution and the chi-square test. Results: Of the pregnant women, 83.7% reported experiencing domestic violence, with 72.5% experiencing all types of violence. Economic violence had the highest rate at 89.5%, followed by sexual violence (88.9%) and physical violence (85.9%). Domestic violence was significantly associated with income disparities between spouses (55%) and amniotic sac rupture (47.4%) (P = 0.05). A significant relationship was also found between domestic violence and adverse pregnancy outcomes (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Domestic violence is prevalent among pregnant women in Zahedan. It is more common among women with income disparities with their husbands. Economic violence is the most common form, followed by sexual violence. Experiences of domestic violence significantly increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Economic Violence and Its Impact on the Socio-Economic Welfare of Women in Kanamkemer Ward, Kenya

Economic violence is an epidemic that exists globally. Economic violence silently kills the victim, tortures, and maims, hence affecting one socially, physically, economically, and psychologically. This study investigated the effect of economic violence on the socioeconomic welfare of women in Kanamkemer Ward, Turkana County, Kenya. The study was based on a descriptive cross-sectional survey of women who had experienced economic violence perpetrated on them by their intimate partners. A sample of 99 women who had met the inclusion criteria were recruited to participate in the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants who were interviewed to collect data. Data analysis was carried out using statistical package for social sciences version 28. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to determine frequencies, establish association and quantify the nature of association. It was observed that majority of the respondents had moderate and low socio-economic welfare, n=41 (42.3%) and n=31 (32.0%) respectively. About 46 (47.4%) of the participants indicated that their partners sometimes withheld economic support when they had misunderstanding, and 30 (30.9%) always withheld the support when there is misunderstanding. Participants who were never allowed by their partners to make major decision on income or expenditure had an increased likelihood of low socio-economic welfare (95% CI: 4.2 (0.4-13.0, P = 0.00)). It was evident that economic control and the withholding of financial support by partners were detrimental to the financial autonomy and overall economic stability of women.

Indian Women’s Struggle Against Domestic Violence and the Challenges They Face

This research explores various issues of domestic violence faced by Indian women, which further discusses physical, emotional, and economic abuse. Physical violence remains one of the prevalent forms, in which patriarchal norms that normalize the control over women through force, and it is how it’s perpetuated until now. Although legal reforms have been implemented, societal acceptance of such violence continues to oppress women across various social classes. Emotional abuse is less visible, but it is as equally harmful as the physical violence’s harm, which will damage women’s mental health and reinforce dependency on abusers. Economic violence is generally associated with traditional practices like dowry, that puts women in financial insecurity, and limits their ability to escape from abusive environments. Grassroots movements and public campaigns have played an important role in improving women’s awareness and empowering them to resist violence. However, there are gaps in legal enforcement, especially in rural areas, that negatively impacts the effectiveness of progressive legislation like the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA). Government initiatives have the potential, but they are underutilized because of systemic inefficiencies. The study concludes that Indian women still face significant obstacles in resisting domestic violence, that include societal stigma, limited awareness of rights, and insufficient social and economic support systems. To achieve change, the institutional support should be enhanced and have stronger attitudes in cultural shift toward gender-based violence.

What does intimate partner violence mean for women with breast cancer? Experiences of Iranian women

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify the women’s experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) after breast cancer.MethodThis is a qualitative descriptive study. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 11 women with breast cancer, all participants referred to the outpatient Oncology Clinic in IRAN. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis approach.ResultsThe results revealed the essential category of “pervasive violence” which was manifested through six subcategories: 1) psychological violence, 2) physical violence, 3) sexual violence, 4) economic violence, 5) controlling behaviors, and 6) neglect.ConclusionWomen with breast cancer are more vulnerable to IPV and experience a wide range of IPV forms. Healthcare providers should monitor women with breast cancer in terms of IPV to prevent the consequences of IPV on the cancer treatment process.

Direct and indirect association of domestic violence against women and severe maternal morbidity: A case-control study.

This study aimed to investigate the direct association between domestic violence and the indirect association of exposure through pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal risk factors with severe maternal morbidity (SMM). The target population of this case-control study included all women who gave birth in the hospitals of the Torbat Heidarieh University of Medical Science from June 2018 to May 2020. A total of 123 mothers with SMM according to the World Health Organization criteria were selected as cases, and 127 mothers who did not meet the World Health Organization criteria were included in the control group. Data were analyzed using Stata 14 and mediation packages with a counterfactual approach. The odds ratio of the pure direct effect of physical violence on SMM through pregnancy and neonatal risk factors is 2.26 and 2.29, respectively. The odds ratio of the pure direct effect of social violence on SMM through pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal risk factors was 2.54, 2.67, and 2.57, respectively, and that for economic violence through neonatal risk factors was 1.99. Additionally, the interaction between physical and social violence and pregnancy risk factors increased the risk of severe maternal morbidity by 394.6% and 360%, respectively. Domestic violence against women is directly associated with severe maternal morbidity. Physical and social violence showed a significant interaction with severe maternal morbidity. A preventive program for domestic violence should be considered an effective intervention to prevent severe maternal morbidity and improve the health of mothers by implementing control strategies.

Analysis of financial literacy and inclusion factors in Peruvian university women

Women’s financial literacy and financial inclusion have gained prominence in recent years. Despite progress, knowledge and access to finance remain common barriers for women, especially in emerging economies. Globally, domestic and economic violence has been recognized as a relevant social concern from a gender perspective. In this context, financial literacy and financial inclusion are considered to play a key role in reducing violence against women by empowering them with the necessary knowledge to manage their financial resources and make informed decisions. This study aims to evaluate the determinants that influence Peruvian female university students’ financial literacy and financial inclusion. To this end, a theoretical behavioral model is proposed, and a survey is applied to 427 female university students. The results are analyzed using a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). The results validate all the proposed hypotheses and highlight significant relationships between financial literacy and women’s financial inclusion. A relevant relationship between financial attitude and financial behavior is also observed, as well as the influence of financial behavior and financial self-efficacy on financial literacy. The results also reveal that women feel capable of making important financial decisions for themselves and consider that financial literacy could help reduce gender-based violence. Based on these findings, theoretical and practical implications are raised. It highlights the proposal of a theoretical model based on antecedents, statistically validated in a sample of women in Peru, which lays the foundation for understanding financial literacy and financial inclusion in the Latin American region.

Intersectionality of Gender and Age as an Analytical Framework for Understanding Intimate Partner Violence Against Older Women in Colombia

This research article aims to address the critical gap in understanding intimate partner violence (IPV) among older women, particularly those over 60 years of age, in Colombian society. The study explores how IPV manifests during the later stages of life, providing insights specific to this age group. The research used qualitative methodology with 14 urban women who had experienced intimate partner violence in their later life. The study revealed that psychological violence was the most common type of abuse among our sample, followed by economic violence. Conversely, physical and sexual violence was found to decrease in frequency in the day-to-day life of the participants. The research also highlighted deteriorating health, limited emotional and instrumental support, and traditional gender roles as key factors influencing experiences of violence in intimate relationships during this stage of life.

Factors Associated with Pregnancies among Church-Going Teenagers in Rwanda

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess challenges faced by churchgoing teenage mothers from disadvantaged religious families in Rwanda. The study was based on the following objectives: assess how uninformed physiological and social-emotional changes contribute to GBV among teenagers from disadvantaged religious families in Rwanda and examine how family and religious teachings, poverty and inadequate childhood gender socialization enforce dependence on GBV perpetrators. Methodology: Data were collected from 107 respondents, including 72 teenage mothers, 10 parents, 15 church leaders and 10 local leaders. The study was guided by Life Course Theory as well as the Theory of Gender and Power. Findings: The study revealed significant challenged faced by teenage mothers and their children. They face stigmatization and exclusion, mostly within religious communities (54.2%). Teenage mothers are abandoned, rejected and tortured by their families after pregnancy (97.2%); parents and church leaders ignore their responsibilities. Factors such as poverty, inadequate family education, physiological and emotional changes contribute to sexual exploitation and abuse of girls leading to teenage pregnancy. Victims of continuing erosion of family values, 26.3% of teenage mothers were impregnated by married adults. The physical and socio-emotional environment of teenage mothers’ families perpetuates a growing identity crisis. A significant number of teenage mothers (10.3%) have attempted suicide and failed, they are alive against their will; 41% have attempted abortion and failed. Unprepared and depressed, they develop a dependency on the perpetrator in order to survive. They endure silenced physical, sexual, psychological and economic violence and develop their tortures’ positive justifications in order to protect perpetrators. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The growing phenomenon of teenage mothers disclosures the weaknesses of family and church education. Teenage mothers and local leaders agreed on the dichotomy between spirituality and everyday life, while parents and church leaders tend to emphasize the sinful nature of teenagers. There is a need to raise awareness among families and religious communities to improve girls’ reproductive health education and build their financial resilience.

Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Intimate Partner Violence Among Adolescents and Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.

To summarize the evidence on how socio-economic status and intimate partner violence (IPV) are interrelated among adolescents and young women (AYW) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Online databases such as MEDLINE, Embase, PsycIFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science, and the African Index Medicus were used to identify studies published between 2015 and 2022. The reporting procedure was the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) as a checklist extension for the scoping review. The majority of the publications, ten (62.5%) were cross-sectional studies, while four (25%) were qualitative studies and two (12.5%) were mixed methods studies. The review found that lack of financial resources exposed AYW to all forms of violence ranging from physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and economic violence. Nonetheless, financial reliance on a partner poses a long-term threat to AYW employment and financial stability. Socio-economic status influences the level of IPV experienced by AYW in many countries of SSA, while evidence of the long-term effects remains uncovered. To achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1, which focuses on ending poverty in all forms by 2030, socio-economic inequalities caused by IPV among AYW require prompt interventions.

“Many People Do Not Consider Us Human” Violence Against Commercial Sex Workers in Gondar City: A Phenomenological Study

Sex workers are a marginalized group that often faces a heightened risk of experiencing violence, however little is known from the perspectives of sex workers in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the violence experienced by commercial sex workers in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia. An exploratory qualitative study using a phenomenology approach was conducted from October to November 2020 in Gondar City. A snowball purposive sampling method was used to recruit 12 commercial sex workers. A face-to-face in-depth interview was conducted. The collected data were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach. Open code version 3.1 software was used for data analysis. Commercial sex workers experienced substantial violence during their work. Sexual, physical, psychological, economic, and structural violence, perpetrators, and mechanisms to deal with the violence were the main themes that emerged from the analysis. Sexual violence mainly occurred from disagreement on sex without a condom, sexual position, a request for oral and anal sex, and extended duration of intercourse were a source of all other types of violence. Commercial sex workers experienced considerable sexual, physical, emotional, and economic violence. It is recommended that efforts should be made to raise awareness about women’s rights and their need for legal and healthcare services. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of providing life skills to empower women, such as financial, domestic, survival, goal-setting, communication, relationship-building, boundary-setting, and problem-solving skills. These skills are mentioned as a means to help prevent or reduce the violence experienced by commercial sex workers.