Economic Space Research Articles (Page 1)

Industrial heritage is increasingly becoming an important resource for sustainable urban renewal. With the acceleration of deindustrialization and urban transformation, Adaptive Reuse (AR) is regarded as the core path connecting heritage protection and functional renewal. Balancing the diverse value dimensions of AR has also become a key research focus. However, existing research mostly focuses on financial returns and investment efficiency, ignoring the long-term impact of community space and cultural dimensions on economic feasibility; at the same time, culture is often simplified into a tool for asset appreciation and urban branding, lacking a systematic model that reveals the structural role of culture in economic feasibility. Therefore, this study constructs a multi-attribute decision-making framework that integrates economic performance, community space, and cultural value. Using Guangzhou Guanggang New City as a representative case, the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM), Analytic Network Process (ANP), and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) were employed to screen and rank the highest-priority reuse schemes. The results show that the economic dimension holds the highest overall weight, followed by the community and cultural dimensions. This suggests that economic feasibility remains a key prerequisite for industrial heritage renewal, while cultural and community factors play an important supporting role in achieving long-term sustainability. This study provides a quantifiable assessment path for the adaptive reuse of industrial heritage and offers a basis for decision making in other cities seeking a balance between economic rationality and cultural sustainability.

This paper explores the role played by the UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in the technological transfer that benefited the Bulgarian electronics industry. Utilising UNIDO and Bulgarian sources, it demonstrates the key role this technical assistance played in the growth of the socialist state’s electronic industry. Despite the official priority of North–South relations in its agenda, UNIDO developed a special relationship with the Eastern Bloc. The paper shows the critical avenue of West–East technology and expertise transfer by focusing on one of the main technical assistance projects, which supported the Research Institute for Instrument Design (NIPKIP) in Sofia. The paper assesses the impact of UNIDO’s programmes on the whole process of building an electronics industry in Bulgaria and shows converging but distinctive strategies. UNIDO facilitated the socialist state’s re-entry into the European economic and expertise exchange space and helped raise it to be a provider of technical assistance too.

This article analyses how forms of private cooperation between East and West were reshaped during the late Cold War and beyond. It does so by studying an elitist East–West club, called the International Vienna Council, which brings together leaders of multinational companies and leaders of the planned economy. While the permeability of the iron curtain has been well documented, little is known about the evolution of East–West circulation patterns during that time or the role played by economic elites. The International Vienna Council, initially a forum for ‘parallel diplomacy’, gradually became a platform for concrete business cooperation. The club’s activities continued after 1989, but it struggled with the transition from an East–West club to an interest group within the European Union. These dynamics shed light on the gradual autonomy of a private East–West cooperation group and its contribution to defining a pan-European economic space since the 1970s.

With the continuous development of cities, the network connections between Chinese cities have rapidly strengthened, and cities are gradually transforming from traditional production bases into economic platforms within dynamic spaces. In this process, urban building carbon emissions are not only determined by the city’s own resource and industrial advantages but are increasingly influenced by its position within the urban economic space network. This study constructs an urban economic spatial network using the gravity model, and based on dynamic data of building carbon emissions in Chinese cities from 2008 to 2020, develops a new analytical framework from the perspective of dynamic network evolution to examine the impact mechanisms of urban network position and residential activity intensity on building carbon emissions. The findings indicate that both residents’ activity intensity and city’s network position have a significant positive impact on per capita building carbon emissions, The impact coefficient between residential activity intensity and per capita building carbon emissions is 0.278 (p < 0.01). This conclusion remains valid after robustness and endogeneity tests. The city’s network position can mitigate the detrimental impact that residents’ activity intensity has on per capita building carbon emissions, particularly in the dynamic decision-making process, where cities can adjust their strategies based on their network position. The influence of city’s network position on per capita building carbon emissions exhibits multidimensional heterogeneity, with its effect being more significant in megalopolis and metropolis compared to large city and medium & small city. Specifically, in megalopolis, the network position impact coefficient is 0.22, significantly higher than 0.039 in medium & small city. These findings provide new perspectives for reducing building carbon emissions at the urban-level in the context of dynamic spatial mobility.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the evolution of housing forms in the territory of Kazakhstan from the perspective of archaeological data covering the period from the Eneolithic to the late Middle Ages. The main attention is paid to the peculiarities of house-building traditions in different natural-geographical zones - steppe, foothill, mountainous and high-mountainous - with the analysis of constructive, technological, and functional characteristics of dwellings. The article traces the formation and development of various types of dwelling and household buildings: from ground and semi-ground structures of frame-pillar construction of the Bronze Age to log and stone buildings of the Final Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. Special attention is paid to regional archaeological complexes – settlements of Asy-I, Turgen-II, Tasbas, Kalakay, Talapty, as well as sites of Central Kazakhstan: Begazy, Atasu, Buguly-I, and others, where rich stratigraphic and architectural materials are revealed. On their basis, the construction technologies, internal layout, organisation of economic space, heating and storage systems, as well as traditions of choosing a place for settlement are analysed. It is established that already in the Late Bronze Age, the principles of dwelling zoning, stable roof forms, typology of hearths and sufas were formed, which was reflected in the later ethnographic architecture of Kazakhs. The issue of continuity of architectural forms and principles between ancient buildings and traditional dwellings of Kazakhs of the New Age, including types of winter dwellings (qystau), is also considered. The choice of location for settlements, the orientation of entrances, the methods of insulation and lighting of dwellings, and the types of building materials (wood, clay, stone, straw, reed) are closely linked to the climate, terrain, and economic specialisation of the population (agriculture, livestock householding, crafts). Archaeological and ethnographic parallels reveal the stability of building traditions determined by climate, resource environment and economic specialisation of the population. The materials of the article are relevant for the reconstruction of the everyday life of the ancient population of Kazakhstan, the analysis of economic models, and the social structure of society. The work contributes to the study of cultural continuity and local specifics of the architectural heritage of the Eurasian steppes.

This study aims to assess the degree of integration of individual economic actors into the regional and national economy through the lens of the Transcaspian (Central Asian) Railway, using the specific case of the Murghab Sovereign's Estate in the Transcaspian Region. The research draws on official statistical compilations from the Department of Railway Affairs of the Russian Empire's Ministry of Finance and reporting materials from the Murghab Estate itself, held in the Russian State Historical Archive. The analysis focuses on the railway shipments of both the Estate's primary agricultural output — cotton — and the secondary products of its local processing plants — cottonseed oil and soap. The findings indicate that the railway transported the entirety of the Estate's cotton harvest to industrial centers in Russia, while a portion of the oil and all of the soap were shipped via rail to supply the local regional market. An examination of inbound freight reveals that the railway also delivered essential, albeit limited, supplies to the Estate, including agricultural machinery, fertilizers, and auxiliary packaging, such as sacks for the internal transportation of cotton. The study concludes that a symbiotic relationship existed between the railway system and the market-oriented enterprises of the region. It is argued that the railroad was a critical catalyst for the integration of the Murghab Estate into both the regional and the broader Russian economic space.

State regulatory policy is an important factor in innovation and investment development of enterprises, as it ensures creation of favorable investment climate that will provide for attraction of capital to implement innovation projects. In the context of global competition, countries must develop effective legal regulation that not only supports national enterprises, but also promotes their integration into the international economic space. The purpose of the study is to substantiate principles of the regulatory policy of innovation and investment development of enterprises in the context of global digitalization. In the article, feasibility of applying methodology of the institutional approach to the study of the regulatory policy of innovation and investment development of enterprises in the context of global digitalization is substantiated. Criteria for effective innovative and investment development of enterprises in the context of global digitalization are analyzed. Principles of the mechanism of the regulatory policy for innovative and investment development of enterprises and its functionalities are outlined directed to create conditions for formation and development of potential and activation of innovative and investment activities of enterprises. Since digitalization of the policy is manifestation of globalization processes, which radically changes modern trends in political processes, functional purpose of institutional institutions and scenarios for development of processes in the future, directions for increasing effectiveness of the regulatory policy through digitalization were determined as the tool to improve methods and tools for interaction between participants in innovative and investment processes.

In order to meet the growing food needs of a growing global population, increasing crop production is becoming more and more crucial. Therefore, compared to growing solitary crops, intercropping has been regarded to be beneficial for space economy since it makes better use of water, nutrients, and solar energy, all of which can greatly increase crop yield. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of intercropping and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on growth and yield parameters of cauliflower during 2024-25 at the Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior. The cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) as a main crop was intercropped with coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) and carrot (Daucus carota L.) with and without AMF. According to the research, in the case of cauliflower as a sole crop and in an intercropping system, the sole treatment of cauliflower recorded a higher number of leaves, higher stalk length and lower net curd weight whereas treatment Cauliflower (With AMF) + Coriander recorded with the highest for leaf area and treatment Cauliflower (With AMF) + Fenugreek, resulted with highest mean for net curd weight. As a result, the study concluded that cauliflower intercropped with green crops such as coriander and fenugreek is more profitable than cauliflower as a single crop.

The article considers modern approaches to the organization of internal audit of property transferred for safekeeping. Particular attention is paid to the issues of assessing the effectiveness of internal control, identifying risks and ensuring the safety of property in the conditions of the modern economic space. The article uses complex scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, modeling and abstraction, which allows to form an effective system of asset assessment and control. Particular attention is paid to the formation of universal criteria for assessing the condition of assets and the development of procedures for identifying and minimizing the risks of loss, theft or damage to property. In the work, risk management methods and models are integrated into the internal control system, a multi-factor system for assessing the risks of loss or damage to property is developed taking into account industry characteristics and specifics of assets. It is concluded that the proposed approaches will improve the effectiveness of internal audit of property through the use of modern methods of risk assessment, process automation, the introduction of information technologies and early warning systems.

The article is devoted to the impact and role of digital currencies in ensuring the stability of the international financial system amid the digital transformation of the global economic space. It has been established that one of the key issues in contemporary financial regulation is the inherent dual nature of digital currencies, which manifests in their simultaneous function as instruments of financial innovation and as potential sources of instability in the absence of adequate monitoring and regulatory frameworks. Digital currencies (both private and state-issued, including CBDCs – central bank digital currencies) are gradually being integrated into the architecture of the international financial system and becoming a significant component thereof, with their role in ensuring stability encompassing several critical aspects. It has been substantiated that digital currencies contribute to the enhancement and optimisation of international settlements and payments, the reduction of transaction costs, and the increased transparency of financial operations, thereby mitigating systemic risks. By expanding access to financial services (financial inclusion) and strengthening monetary control by central banks over money circulation, digital currencies can reinforce the stability of financial markets, counteract currency and financial crises, and perform an anti-crisis function in preventing destabilising currency and financial factors. It is emphasised that the full realisation of the potential of digital currencies necessitates addressing new regulatory challenges, including cyber threats, destabilising capital flows between currencies, competition between state and private currencies, as well as risks of currency space fragmentation, which requires the establishment of coordinated regulatory frameworks. In conclusion, given appropriate regulatory frameworks, global coordination and the adaptation of financial infrastructure, digital currencies may become one of the key instruments for maintaining long- term stability and sustainable development within the international financial system. To fully realise their potential, it is necessary to account for emerging challenges – cyber threats, risks of capital flow destabilisation and currency competition – and to establish corresponding international regulatory frameworks. Digital currencies, under conditions of proper regulation and coordination, may serve as one of the principal instruments for sustaining stability and fostering sustainable development in the international financial system.

Abstract The end of the nineteenth century saw the emergence of nationalism as the primary ideological underpinning of Australian identity, defining the broader Australian people as a culturally British, Protestant community. Such developments drew strength from key events of the early twentieth century, such as Australian federation and the Great War. Although historians have conceded that Irish Australians could adhere to the cultural tenets of Anglo-Australia, they have overlooked the extent to which Irish-Australian Catholics, especially those from the middle class, adopted Britishness as an integral part of their ethno-religious identity. Middle-class Catholic individuals, families and groups negotiated the extent of their Irishness to suit their needs within economic, social and cultural spaces dominated by Australia’s Protestant majority. This article argues that the expression of Britishness was an intrinsic part of Catholics’ middle-class ambitions, as they sought to rectify their implicit ‘otherness’ in an Australia committed to a myth of national unity on non-Irish, and non-Catholic, terms.

Relevance. The specifics of the region, in particular the variety of resources and conditions of economic activity, form the conditions and prerequisites for the specialization of the region, and the composition of natural resources, the scale and quantity of their reserves affect the economic potential of the region. Regional specialization helps to determine the role and place of the region in the single economic space of the country. Regional specialization acts as a factor of economic development, as it allows to increase labor productivity and production efficiency.The purpose of the study is to analyze the regional specialization of the territory as a factor of its economic development in the context of modern geopolitical challenges, including strategic isolation, sanctions pressure and the need for import substitution. Objectives: to study the regional specialization of the region in order to determine the activities dominating in the region in order to influence the growth of production volumes of the branches of specialization on the dynamics of the overall socio-economic development of the region.Methodology. The research used general scientific methods such as analysis and synthesis, classification, grouping, economic and statistical methods.Results. The development of the region is largely ensured by resource availability, and the distinctive features of the region form the prerequisites for the specialization of the regions. The evolution of views on regional specialization has gone a long way from classical theories to modern concepts, including the impact of globalization and agglomeration effects. Modern research complements classical approaches, focusing on strategic management, sustainability and innovation in regional development. The regional specialization of the Kursk region, based on the development of various sectors of the economy, ensures its stability in the face of geopolitical turbulence.Conclusions. In the context of geopolitical turbulence and sanctions pressure, the regional specialization of the Kursk region, based on the effective use of competitive advantages (energy, mining, agriculture), is a key factor in economic stability, but long-term development requires overcoming structural constraints through economic diversification, modernization of production and investment in human capital.

The article is devoted to the analysis of international experience in the application of engineering in industrial practice, its purpose and effectiveness in the growing engineering, technological, environmental and economic space of the agricultural complex, as well as food production. Practice shows that the features of engineering in the food industry predictably stimulate production, the quality of the final product grows similarly to the demand for it, raw materials are used rationally, the level of environmental friendliness increases, which leads the production to the level of international standards aimed at preserving and economical costs of the raw material base, improving the ecological state through the use of the latest technologies in the physical, chemical and biological fields with the involvement of modern digital tools. The rating of food production, consumer confidence in modern food products, the role of industries engaged in the processing of agricultural waste are increasing, which is demonstrated by the example of biohydrogen production with dark fermentation. Attention is paid to substitutes for animal products with those that use raw materials of plant origin. All engineering activities contribute to the transition of food production to a new technological level, as required by time and a growing society.

The Western sanctions pressure, global supply chains undergoing a significant transformation, volatile commodity markets, and the necessity for the accelerated import substitution increase the strategic value of single-industry municipalities. Many of them locate high-tech and systemically important production facilities, which are essential for the sustainable spatial development of the country. The above explains the rationale for assessing the level of the single-industry municipalities’ development in the Russian Federation in order to identify the most efficient methods for managing them. The paper aims to create a methodological approach to the research of the economic value of the single-industry municipalities in the economic space of a region. The methodological basis of the study consists of the theoretical propositions of spatial economics, urban studies, as well as the value-based and localisation approaches. The study relies on the methods of systematisation, generalisation, functional analysis, and synthesis. The formulated methodological approach to the research of the economic value of the single-industry municipalities encompasses a consecutive evaluation of their participation in the functioning and development processes of a region’s economic space, as well as an assessment of their functional utility, which is the result of them performing city-forming and city-servicing functions. The theoretical and practical significance of the methodological approach lies in that it allows evaluating the economic value of the single-industry municipalities as unique research objects simultaneously linking it to the functioning and development of a region’s economic space.

This article examines Ukraine’s European integration course as one of the main directions of contemporary foreign policy and a crucial mechanism for strengthening national security, ensuring sustainable development, and modernizing the state. It traces the historical evolution of Ukraine–EU relations, starting with the 1990 Declaration of State Sovereignty, the 1993 Verkhovna Rada Resolution “On the Main Directions of Ukraine’s Foreign Policy,” and the signing of the 1994 Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, and culminating in the granting of EU candidate status in 2022. The paper reviews key legal and institutional frameworks, including the Ukraine–EU Action Plan, the European Neighbourhood Policy, the Eastern Partnership initiative, the Association Agreement, and the establishment of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of European integration following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which turned EU accession from a political and economic project into a strategy for survival, recovery, and security consolidation. The study analyzes the economic, political, and security dimensions of integration, focusing on the harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with EU law, modernization of state institutions, promotion of democratic reforms, and the prospects for accession negotiations in 2025. Key obstacles to integration are identified, including insufficient competitiveness of certain economic sectors, difficulties in meeting financial obligations, and the need to improve the professional capacity of civil servants. The article highlights the EU’s role as a strategic partner in security cooperation, including Ukraine’s participation in PESCO and EUMAM initiatives and the signing of bilateral security agreements. The findings emphasize that Ukraine’s European integration course is a comprehensive strategy aimed at establishing the country as an integral part of the European political, economic, and security space, strengthening its international position, and improving citizens’ quality of life.

The proposed article examines an agglomeration as an integrated set of natural-historical, economic and social spaces, in the center of which is a city with small settlements around it. Practice shows that the functioning and sustainable development of an agglomeration requires effective management or governance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop innovative methods, techniques, and approaches to the management and organization of activities for the development of agglomerations.

The article is devoted to the study of some features of the organization of barter trade on the Caucasian Line in the 1840s and the first half of the 1850s. The principles and plans for organizing barter trade in the Caucasus are considered. It is noted that the authorities considered it expedient to establish trading yards near cities or large villages to ensure easy access for local residents. The staff of the Office of the Chief Trustee of Trade Relations with the Highlanders and the exchange yards has been determined, and their salaries have been set according to their positions. It is noted that the locations of the exchange yards covered a significant area of the Caucasus, including cities (Kizlyar, Mozdok, Pyatigorsk, and Yekaterinodar), villages (Chervlennaya, Naurskaya, Prokhladnenskaya, Batal-Pashinskaya, and Ust-Labinskaya), and fortresses (Kavkazskaya). It has been established that specific peoples, such as the Kumyks, Chechens, Ingush, Kabardians, Ossetians, Balkars, Karachais, Nogais, Abazins, as well as various Circassian and other neighboring peoples, were assigned to each exchange yard. An approximate list of goods was established for mutual exchange at the barter points. It is concluded that despite the coherence of the military and political situation in the region in the 1840s and the first half of the 1850s, the Russian authorities sought to create an effective and mutually beneficial system of barter trade with the indigenous population of the Caucasus, demonstrating their attempt to integrate the region into the economic space of the empire.

The goal is to analyze the state of the resource potential of the agro-industrial complex of the northern regions of Kazakhstan and identify the main directions of its effective use. Methods - statistical processing of information, allowing to justify the effectiveness of the use of resources, SWOT-analysis focuses on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and threats that currently belong to the most pressing problems of the general economic space and affect the intensity of the agricultural sector of the northern regions, comparative analysis focuses on the dynamics of key indicators that require constant monitoring. expanding the possibilities of rural areas. Results a comprehensive assessment of economic and legal aspects made it possible to identify the main trends in optimizing the rational use of land, labor and material and technical means. The paper proposed quantitative and qualitative criteria characterizing the technical equipment of economic entities of rural territories, carried out a comparative analysis of productivity dynamics and production volumes for three regions – Akmola, North Kazakhstan and Kostanay, increasing productivity to 15-16 c/ha without significant expansion of acreage, in 2024-2025 an increase in investment and subsidies was shown. 8-10%. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of implementing the proposed methodological tools for the development of state programs for the development of rural areas. A SWOT Matrix has been created that determines the growth points and active progress vectors. Conclusions - the authors emphasize the need for a systematic approach to the integration of economic and legal management tools in order to achieve high profitability and competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex of the northern regions of Kazakhstan in the long term, with conditions for environmentally balanced modernization of infrastructure, improvement of the quality of seed material and the introduction of modern agricultural technologies. It is necessary to revise legal procedures that ensure an efficiency of more than 23% and strengthen the transparency of subsidy mechanisms and strengthen competitive positions in the domestic market.

The authors examine the prerequisites for the Turkestan Uprising of 1916, which was largely the result of the modernization of the territories of Central Asia, a region where a multi-million Muslim population annexed to Russia. One of the consequences of a “meeting” of two systems - the Russian imperial one and the local traditional one - was the aggravation of the national question, largely caused by the implementation of the policy of incorporation of the region. The interaction of a set of factors, including the resettlement of Russian peasants, led to the uprising of 1916 in Russian Turkestan. Despite the growth of protest sentiments throughout Central Asia, in a number of regions their manifestation did not take violent forms. One of the relatively calm territories was the Bukhara Emirate, although it was part of the orbit of the Russian Empire, but by being its protectorate, it retained a number of specific features. Gradually growing into the system of market relations, Bukhara’s economy retained pre-capitalist relations and tribal vestiges. The modernization taking place in the region led, on the one hand, to progressive changes in the economy and culture, and on the other, to a deterioration in the quality of life of a majority of the population. Therefore, there was a return to Muslim traditionalism due to the growth of discontent with the central and local authorities. The research reveals the political and socioeconomic situation in the Bukhara Emirate on the eve of and during the 1916 uprising. The authors come to the conclusion that the situation in Bukhara and in the Turkestan region during the 1916 uprising had many similar features, since the emirate itself was part of a single socio-cultural and economic spaces of Central Asia and thus experiencing the same consequences of its modernization as the entire region. At the same time, the specifics of Bukhara, for example, political autonomy, left an imprint on the manifestation of protest sentiments.

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the conceptual foundations of the formation and development of the space economy in a global dimension, to determine its contribution to sustainable development, and to identify the key challenges that may constrain this process in the future. Methodology. The research methodology includes: the application of a systemic approach to defining the conceptual foundations and categorical framework of the examined phenomenon; identification of development trends in the space economy at the level of global actors and, specifically, the European Union and its competitiveness in this sector, which involves the use of statistical analysis of official data, comparative methods for cross-country benchmarking, and content analysis of analytical and academic sources to assess and determine developmental trajectories; an assessment of the orientation of the space economy towards sustainable development through frame analysis, which enables the identification of boundaries for the integration of sustainable development goals into the sector’s evolution; and predictive analysis to evaluate future directions of growth and potential barriers. Results. The study systematizes approaches to defining the concept of the space economy, distinguishing resource-based, structural, responsibility-oriented, goal-oriented, and balanced approaches. It identifies the stages of global development of the space economy, namely: the emergence of the space sector under government leadership (1950s–1960s); the commercialization of space activities through public–industrial partnerships (1970s–2000s); the "New Space" stage characterized by the interaction of entrepreneurship, state, and industry (2000s–2022); and the stage of renewed international competition in space technologies and exploration at the state level (from 2022 to the present). The findings reveal that technological and scientific advances in the space economy facilitate the implementation of sustainable development goals within the EU, supported by the modernization of the sector’s regulatory framework. Moreover, during the period 2010–2024, investment volumes and industry sales exhibited steady growth despite crises in global and national economies, with the EU space economy demonstrating particular resilience. This suggests that the sector is currently in the growth stage of its life cycle. The research also outlines a set of threats and risks to the development of the EU space economy, the mitigation of which will strengthen its competitive position in the global market. Practical implications. The recommendations developed in this study may serve as a foundation for programmatic frameworks of global partnerships as well as partnerships at the level of Ukraine and EU space economy stakeholders. Value/originality. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the advancement of the conceptual foundations of the space economy and in identifying the specific features of its evolutionary, economic, technological, and organizational development, with particular attention to its role in fostering the achievement of sustainable development goals.