Landcover is important for examining land use patterns and helping in the prediction of future sustainable land management and environment conservation. This land use patterns shows more turbulence in urban areas where activities like the human influences and deforestation which affects the environment severely, are more frequent. This study takes up one of such area named Ahmedabad district that is situated in Gujarat, India. The land use and land cover (LULC) of Ahmedabad has changed in many ways. In this investigation, LULC variations were identified and measured using remote sensing (RS). These changes have been considered over thirty years of period. The Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images are used as the sources. The supervised classification method using Maximum Likelihood Classification is used to classify LULC types. The study shows that area of built-up land, Fallow land, Shrub land, Water bodies increased by 1.7%,13%,0.8%,0.4% respectively and area of Cropland, Waste-land decreased by 15.6% and 0.1% respectively. The LULC changes in the study area were subjected to urbanization, population growth, social economic growth and climate change. The results clearly shows that the influence of landuse change is not in the favour of environment and vegetation. These variations were ascribed to factors such as urbanization, the population increase, social-economic expansion and environment disbalance.

ABSTRACT This research aims at examining the educational and ecological aspects of cultural heritage management in ‘the Xun culture as a tradition in the Yellow River Basin. Traditional craft, folklore and architectural sites of the “Xun” community represent directly as they have excellent intangible cultural heritage and historic linguistic identity perfectly aligned with a territory’s ecology. These cultural practices are hence in danger of fading due to the social-economic changes that are ever improving at a very high rate. Using Geographic Information System (GIS)-based least-cost path analysis, we establish major cultural routes that could be education routes from Luoyang City to Xunyang County tracing high-value cultural sites. These corridors maintain cultural and linguistic continuity through availing. Places where learners can learn dialects, folklore, and traditional craft. This way, the study is positioned within two pathways that resonate with ecological ethics that can define how the heritage corridors can enrich education for sustainable development that embraces multilingualism and cultural heritage. As such, emphasis is placed on the imperatives to come up with more effective heritage preservation models that not only reflect the stewardship of the environment but also meeting current challenges towards arrival at the sustainable preservation of the “Xun” cultural tradition. This research stresses the significance of the educational tracks toward heritage conservation and makes case for harmonious intersection of cultures and nature for boosting cultural and environmental worldviews.

The cash transfer designated under the Tanzania Social Action Fund II program is a social-economic change initiative in poor households in Tanzania. Basing to its significant, this study aimed to investigate the cash transfer of the Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF II) program in reducing poverty in households. Specifically, this study assessed the contribution of the TASAF II Program in improving the livelihood in the Makoongwe community. Most of the households in Zanzibar have suffered from poor shelter, poor descent work, lack of immunisation and balance diet and are mostly struggling to afford their children to go to school as a result of the extreme poverty line in the Isles (Ruitembeek et, all.,2005). The study adopted a case study research design and used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. 75 people were included, including program beneficiaries and vulnerable family members, through filling questionnaires, interviews and group discussions through home visitation, meetings and observation. The study revealed that the program contributed tremendously to improve the household livelihood at Makoongwe village’s including households to be able to establish micro business, to buy foods for their family, to access to medicine, establish project such as livestock keeping and cultivation and to procure some of school needs for their children. However, the program faced some challenges such as bureaucracy, low coverage in regards to the people in need, poor participation for program beneficiaries, deduction of cash transferred without proper information to the beneficiaries, delaying of money and poor community involvement of the TASAF program were among the observed challenges for reaching the program target where the program beneficiaries, District Social Welfare Officer and other government officers agreed on the presence of these challenges during the implementation of the program. The study concluded that the TASAF II program through cash transfer has contributed to improve the livelihood of Makoongwe households, while the impact was not much with regard to the program target. The study recommends that proper information should be given to beneficiaries on the general program concern and that an initial participatory community assessment should be conducted for achieving the program goal.

Jia Zhangke's film works present the living conditions of marginalized groups in society with a unique realistic aesthetic, among which female characters are particularly eye-catching. Not only are they on the periphery of the social structure, but they also endure multiple identity dilemmas amid the drastic changes of the modernization process, revealing a neglected yet highly symbolic female experience. This study, based on a feminist theoretical perspective and employing textual analysis, focuses on the following core research questions: How are female characters depicted in Jia Zhangke's films? What complexities do these female roles exhibit at the social, cultural, and psychological levels? How do they seek subjectivity within the macro-narrative of modernization? To answer these questions, this paper selects films such as "Xiao Wu", "Still Life", and "Unknown Pleasures", and conducts an in-depth exploration of the female characters within them. Through the analysis of character construction, narrative strategies, and visual expression, the study reveals how these women seek subjectivity in the interstices of social gender norms and economic changes, while also examining their complexities in terms of spatial mobility, emotional attachment, and individual resistance. The research finds that Jia Zhangke, through his delicate cinematic language and non-traditional female narratives, presents the coexistence of passivity and agency of women in social transformation, reflecting the deep contradictions in gender relations during the process of modernization. This study aims to further deepen the academic discussion on female characters in Jia Zhangke's films and promote multi-dimensional research on the interwoven influences of gender, class, and modernity, providing important insights into the survival status of contemporary Chinese women.

The need for a sustainable healthcare system in Malaysia has become more pressing due to the growing demand for healthcare services and changing societal requirements. This urgency is driven by the goals set under Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3), to be achieved by 2030. Malaysia faces significant challenges in its healthcare sector, closely linked to this global issue. The sustainability of healthcare services is intricately tied to the relationship of social support, cultural factors, and economic changes. Therefore, constructing resilient healthcare systems capable of withstanding unforeseen challenges, such as pandemics, necessitates a comprehensive approach that takes into account these multifaceted factors. This paper aims to introduce a conceptual framework centered around social support, cultural factors, and economic changes in the context of healthcare sustainability in Malaysia. This framework emphasizes the importance of robust social support systems, cultural competence, and economic adaptability in ensuring healthcare service sustainability. This study sheds light on the pivotal determinants of healthcare service sustainability, aligning with the objectives of SDG3. It highlights the urgent need for policy reforms, cross-sector collaboration, and economic alignment to effectively address these multifaceted challenges and ensure the achievement of healthy lives and well-being for all.

The article is devoted to a special genre of modern fiction – the detective novel. The analysis is made on the material of French and Spanish prose. The stages of formation of this genre in France and Spain, from its origin in the middle of the nineteenth century, are studied. Special attention is paid to its general features as a genre, as well as to linguistic and cultural features in the countries of the Romance world. The transitivity of forms and methods is analyzed. The main stages of the development and formation of the detective novel are highlighted with an analysis of the contribution made by the writers who worked and are working in this genre. It turned out that the detective appeared in France thanks to the translations of the works of Edgar Poe, made by Charles Baudelaire, but the real founder of the genre is Emile Gaborio (1832–1873). At the origins of the detective novel are the figures of Gaston Leroux, Maurice LeBlanc and Pierre Souvestre. The work of the Belgian writer Georges Simenon deserves special attention. Among the purely French features are the adventurous basis of the detective novel, the Gothic tradition, the introduction of a lyrical line into the story, the special architecture of the work, and intertextuality. Development of the genre in the 20th century. follows different directions: psychological, social, adventurous, erotic, humorous, etc. The most famous figures can be considered Bouillot-Narsejac, Japrizo, Daniel Pennac, SanAntonio, Exbraia. Today, a special role belongs to translated literature, screen adaptation of works, which affects the popularity of the genre as such, the character becomes more popular than the author. The Spanish detective novel developed under the influence of American literature, especially after the fall of the Francoist regime in 1975. This genre became a vehicle for social criticism, reflecting political, economic and cultural changes. Authors such as Manuel Vázquez Montalban, Eduardo Mendoza, and Andreu Martín played a special role in its popularization, whose works combine criminal investigations with social analysis. The modern detective is enriched with strong female characters, historical and mythological elements.

Developments in society certainly do not only partially occur on the religious side. There are many aspects of people's lives that can be used as objects of social change, including improvement and economic change that develops based on the independence of every human being. The Islamic boarding school in this case through the Sharia Savings and Loans Cooperative (KSPPS) BMT Al-Hikmah is aware of the challenge and then takes part in empowering every potential that exists in the community. The formulation of the problem, how is the strategy of community economic empowerment through (BMT) carried out by KSPPS BMT Al-Hikmah Bandar Lampung in Realizing Business Independence and Family Economic Resilience, and the implications of community economic development strategies in the empowerment process before and after. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, primary and secondary data sources, research subjects are 8 customers plus 2 employees, with data collection techniques interview, observation, documentation, data reduction and data analysis. The results of the empowerment strategy research conducted by KSPPS BMT Al-Hikmah through the potential of independent entrepreneurs in increasing family resilience. Through three stages, namely empowerment, capacity building, and empowerment, the implication of the strategy carried out is a solution to various problems faced by the community so as to increase income and economic welfare as well as family resilience.

In the 20th century, Panipat underwent significant social and economic transformations alongside its historical and cultural heritage. This research analyzes the complex relationships between the social structures and economic development of Panipat. Famous for its historical battles, Panipat emerged in the 20th century as an economic and social hub. From a social perspective, this period saw major changes in traditional caste systems and community structures. The freedom struggle and social reform movements promoted awareness and unity within society. Migration following partition further diversified the social structure, fostering cultural integration and ethnic diversity. Education and urbanization also stimulated social mobility. From an economic viewpoint, Panipat shifted from an agriculture-based economy towards industrialization and urbanization. The migrant communities that arrived after partition played a key role in boosting local industries, especially the textile sector. The Green Revolution gave a new direction to agricultural production, while Panipat's growing textile industry helped it gain national and international recognition. This research aims to study the reciprocal influence between social structures and economic changes. The study demonstrates that industrialization and urbanization not only drove economic progress but also impacted social frameworks. Furthermore, social changes created new economic opportunities. However, these transformations also brought challenges, such as economic inequality, ethnic tensions, and environmental issues. This research sheds light on these issues and suggests potential solutions for Panipat's development and prosperity. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive portrayal of Panipat's social and economic journey in the 20th century, helping to understand it from both historical and modern perspectives. Abstract in Hindi Language: 20वीं सदी में पानीपत ने अपनी ऐतिहासिक और सांस्कृतिक विरासत के साथ-साथ सामाजिक और आर्थिक परिवर्तनों का भी गहन अनुभव किया। इस शोध में पानीपत की सामाजिक संरचनाओं और आर्थिक विकास के बीच के जटिल संबंधों का विश्लेषण किया गया है। पानीपत, जो अपने ऐतिहासिक युद्धों के लिए प्रसिद्ध है, 20वीं सदी में एक आर्थिक और सामाजिक केंद्र के रूप में उभरा। सामाजिक दृष्टिकोण से, इस काल में परंपरागत जातीय व्यवस्था और सामुदायिक संरचनाओं में व्यापक बदलाव हुए। स्वतंत्रता संग्राम और सामाजिक सुधार आंदोलनों ने समाज में जागरूकता और एकता को बढ़ावा दिया। विभाजन के बाद प्रवास ने समाज की संरचना को और भी विविध बना दिया, जिससे सांस्कृतिक मेलजोल और जातीय विविधता को बढ़ावा मिला। शिक्षा और शहरीकरण ने सामाजिक गतिशीलता को भी प्रेरित किया। आर्थिक दृष्टिकोण से, पानीपत का स्थान कृषि आधारित अर्थव्यवस्था से औद्योगिकीकरण और शहरीकरण की ओर स्थानांतरित हुआ। विभाजन के बाद आए प्रवासी समुदायों ने स्थानीय उद्योगों, विशेष रूप से कपड़ा उद्योग, को बढ़ावा दिया। हरित क्रांति ने कृषि उत्पादन को नई दिशा दी, जबकि पानीपत का उभरता हुआ टेक्सटाइल हब इसे राष्ट्रीय और अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तर पर पहचान दिलाने में सहायक बना। इस शोध का उद्देश्य सामाजिक संरचनाओं और आर्थिक परिवर्तनों के बीच के परस्पर प्रभाव का अध्ययन करना है। यह अध्ययन दिखाता है कि औद्योगिकीकरण और शहरीकरण ने न केवल आर्थिक प्रगति को प्रेरित किया, बल्कि सामाजिक ढांचों को भी प्रभावित किया। इसके अलावा, सामाजिक बदलावों ने नए आर्थिक अवसरों को जन्म दिया। हालांकि, इन परिवर्तनों के साथ चुनौतियां भी आईं, जैसे आर्थिक असमानता, जातीय तनाव, और पर्यावरणीय समस्याएं। यह शोध इन मुद्दों पर भी प्रकाश डालता है और पानीपत के विकास और समृद्धि के लिए संभावित समाधान सुझाता है। अतः यह अध्ययन 20वीं सदी में पानीपत की सामाजिक और आर्थिक यात्रा का समग्र चित्रण प्रस्तुत करता है, जो इसे ऐतिहासिक और आधुनिक दृष्टिकोण से समझने में सहायक होगा। Keywords: सामाजिक, आर्थिक, जागरूकता, एकता, जातीय विविधता

The outbreak of war by the Russian Federation against Ukraine on February 24, 2022 is shaping up to be the most significant military conflict since the end of World War II. Any war, especially of this intensity, which we are witnessing in Ukraine, is usually an element of political-military and economic-social change, which conditions changes in the security dimension as well. taking into account the magnitude of the subject, we do not pretend to cover the multitude of aspects involved, but we will highlight the most important moments with reference to the impact of the war in Ukraine on illicit drug trafficking. The objective of this article is to highlight the main aspects of illicit drug trafficking conditioned by the emergence of the war in Ukraine. Although in the context of the war in Ukraine some routes related to illegal drug trafficking were closed due to increased control at the eastern border of the European Union, today we are present at the modification, changing of new routes and finding new alternatives regarding illegal drug trafficking, including in the context of the war from Ukraine

This scoping review aims to synthesize existing research on the relationships between economic agglomeration, social-economic change, and their impacts on economic growth, with a focus on identifying key conflicts and policy issues. The study employs a comprehensive literature search using databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, targeting peer-reviewed articles published in the last decade. The review process entails a meticulous examination and synthesis of selected sources, with the findings then organized into a coherent narrative review. The analysis yielded several key themes, including a positive correlation between economic agglomeration and growth, the development of specialized infrastructure and human capital, and the facilitation of knowledge spillovers. Nevertheless, the review also identifies potential adverse consequences, including the displacement of local communities, the intensification of income inequality, and the burden on public services. The study concludes by emphasizing the necessity of carefully designed policy interventions to ensure sustainable and inclusive economic growth, addressing the concerns of all stakeholders involved in the complex dynamics of economic agglomeration and social-economic change in a manner that is both equitable and effective.

The subject of this study includes the approaches to the definition of the category of public power, as well as variants of its structure and elements.The goal of the article is to compare the experience of various jurisdictions, including Russia, in the construction of public power, and to establish contemporary determinants of its structure and consequences of its expansion. Comparative and formal legal methods are mainly used to produce the results of the research.Main results. The authors notice, that in most jurisdictions legislative attempts to give a definition of the structure of public power and to indicate the circle of its subjects entail indeterminacy and the inevitable expansion of the corresponding subject composition. That, apparently, is caused by the dynamics of the functions of public power, which determines the institutional evolution. It is not a secret that since the beginning of the 20th century the volume of functions entrusted to the state, and accordingly, to its bodies of power and management, has grown significantly. Since there are plenty of tasks and functions that correspond to the public interest, the state involves in the process not only its structural units the bodies of state power, but also private subjects. Private entities, mobile and adapted to competition and social-economic changes, are capable of more effective implementation of tasks, performance of functions and provision of services that can be administratively outsourced. In the USA, for example, this phenomenon becomes so large-scale that it sometimes referred to as "mixed administration" in academic literature. In Russia, the possible forms and limits of the involvement of private subjects in the implementation of public tasks continue to remain under question, both from a theoretical and a practical point of view.Conclusions. Formation of the structure of public power is influenced by historical, sociocultural, and legal features of the development of states. In most jurisdictions the basis ("locus of gravity") of public power is comprised of the authorities (both of state and municipal level), in the orbit of which, depending on the need for the implementation of public functions, other subjects of law – public and private companies and even NGO’s – are included. Therefore, functional unity is the main determinant of the structure of public power mechanism.

This article aims to reveal the social and spatial change in Bakırköy through time and to identify the drivers behind this transformation. Bakırköy has been chosen as it hosted the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires, leading to its multicultural and layered structure. It has been influenced by the dominant features of each era, shaping socio-economic changes, spatial transformations, and urban planning practices over the historical process. The interaction of these socio-spatial elements within Bakırköy encompasses broad themes such as social differentiation, economic change, and urban governance, thereby presenting case studies to examine the dynamics of urban areas in Istanbul. The research has been conducted at two levels. First, spatial changes were examined through relevant documents, literature, and historical maps. The periods were determined as the state-led development period (1923-1950), liberalization period (1950-1980), neoliberal transformation period (1980-2000), and globalization period (post-2000), with the pre-1923 period being considered separately. Subsequently, five case studies were selected to represent different functional land use at the local level. The first case study involves an area known as the İskender Çelebi Farm in the 17th century, which was chosen to represent the transformation from a food production area to industrial production in the 18th century and has become a mass housing area in the 20th century, now known as the Ataköy districts. The second and third case studies represent the transformation from industrial production areas in the 19th and early 20th centuries to residential, tourism, and shopping areas. The fourth case study focuses on the coastal strip, which was used as a public space for ‘sea baths’ in the 19th century and today exists as luxury housing projects under private ownership. The fifth case study involves an area that served as an airport in the early 20th century and is currently planned for a hospital and green spaces, although it remains a public service.Through these cases, which demonstrate the shift from the productional use of space to consumption, the study seeks to answer the following questions: First, how do demographic and economic changes play a significant role in the differentiation of urban space, and in a related context, what is the local-scale impact of changing policies on the functional change of the selected cases? The findings reveal that industrial investments, supported by transportation investments, choose their locations in the changing/transforming economic order. The decentralization of industry and the privatization or transformation of public investments into consumption-focused urban areas through public-private partnerships have also been observed. The study aims to prove that this change in space lays the groundwork for social differentiation.

Pandemic Covid-19 has had a broad impact on human life; various restrictions cause various socioeconomic changes in family life, affecting the child's wellbeing. In contrast, the child's wellbeing must be adequately fulfilled so they can grow and develop into quality human resources. The purpose of this paper was to systematically review the evidence on the impact of socioeconomic changes during the pandemic on children's wellbeing. This systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines. Data collection was carried out on March 18, 2022, using the Pro-Quest, Tailor and Francis, Emerald, Sage Pub, and Science Direct databases. Based on this study's exclusion and inclusion criteria, there were 19 studies included in this paper. The analysis results show that most of the included studies prove that socioeconomic status affects children's wellbeing, while one study showed that there is no effect. In conclusion, the findings from the review may provide guidelines for promoting better child wellbeing during the pandemic Covid-19.

The establishment of making craft products from rabbit skin is a field that society has not previously explored. This has raised the issue of odour pollution in rabbit skin cultivation and waste disposal areas. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the methods of cleaning rabbit skin. Among the methods that should be highlighted is the principle of cleaning the fat inside the skin through a series of cleaning processes. Due to climate in Malaysia, some techniques have been explored and investigated that produce positive results. Initial experiments were carried out with some FELDA Besout 5 residents to determine the accuracy of the flow and cleaning processes. After some experiments, it was discovered that the best ingredients for neutralizing rabbit skin were alum, salt, and mink oil. The material used to clean rabbit skin is readily available; in fact, it is a material that individuals use at home daily. As a result, after the rabbit skin has been cleaned, it can be used to create any type of creative work. The proposed cleaning process module can be used to improve the knowledge and skills of FELDA residents who are directly involved in rabbit farming since this provides a source of revenue for their family. This can aid and mobilize the community to explore and implement the module. It is essential to keep working on involving society in these methodologies to improve their social skills and reveal more social economic lifestyle change. Craft items are an undeniably lucrative product category in tourist areas. Hopefully, rabbit fur products will catch the attention of tourists.

Demand theory is one of the major fundamental and important theories of economics. It explores the relationship between consumer demand and price. Consumer demand is influenced by a variety of factors, which leads to different price changes that affect the entire social economic changes. Through a literature review, this article explores the analysis of demand theory and the three factors that influence demand, income, relevant markets and advertising. The article points out that willingness to pay and utility theory can be used to understand demand theory, and this research also analyzes the impact of income, relevant products, and advertisement on demand.

Middle-class housing in Greece developed rapidly after World War II (WWII). Across all Greek cities a multi-story building type, so-called “polykatoikia” emerged because before the war, in 1929, a social and legal contract was constituted, according to which each apartment could be owned by “micro-owners”. The applied General and Special Building Regulations envisioned a homogeneous city volume composed of these polykatoikias. On the other hand, the new ownership model invited a heterogeneous middle-class population to buy and reside in these apartments, in contrast to the previous homogenous one owner per building model. Thessaloniki developed differently than other cities, starting with homogeneous urban planning and city volume, but heterogeneous architectural styles that would evolve vice versa in the post-WWII era. The contemporary political–social–economic changes modified the city’s development vision and population’s needs related to the polykatoikia. Today, the matured state of the polykatoikias, the expected deterioration of the building stock and its environmental (in)efficiency troubles the micro-owners. The lack of common decision-making strategies to enforce building unity increases the entropy to a dysfunctional level. The paper’s main goal is to investigate whether the polykatoikia model is reaching a breaking point. Will the future of the polykatoikia return to homogeneity by relying on one investor per building and be leading a decrease of polykatoikia’s variety, or are there strategies that lead to the sustainability of the building type and its micro-owners? The research is based on the author’s Ph.D. thesis; recent literature on the topic and in-situ observations both support the objectives.

This study aims to empirically analyze the changes in FDI inflows, an important instrument for economic growth in the Middle East. Some Middle Eastern countries, such as Egypt, Syria and Libya, have experienced democratization in the Arab Spring and many economic-social changes. As a result, there have been significant changes in FDI flows to these countries, and some countries are even improving their democracy. In this context, this study focuses on the Middle East and North Africa region and examines the changes in FDI. The results show that democracy has a positive impact on investment in the MENA region. From these results, it can be concluded that political change has a significant impact on FDI inflows. These results suggest that democracy can trigger economic development by increasing foreign investment. However, this is not the case in all regions. Rather, it means that economic factors may be more important than democracy in certain circumstances.

Driving mechanisms of urbanization: Evidence from geographical, climatic, social-economic and nighttime light data

The Government, education institutions, teachers and all other stakeholders need to work together to ensure provision of appropriate education to the citizens of Zambia. When planning content for the Home Economics curriculum, teachers, curriculum developing organs, government and all other stakeholders need to focus on educative contents that are purposely selected and organized. Sometimes the members of the community are always guided by the traditional subjects even without looking at the prevailing social-economic changes which might be taking place at international and global level. Available evidence show that parents in the third world countries are more interested in future job of their children with less concentration on their skill acquisition in their day to day life. Odu (1983) observes that the only true form of education is the one which teaches people to think for themselves and at the same time prepares them for both present and the future. In view of that, Home Economics stands out as one of the vocational subjects expected to be taught in primary, secondary and further train teachers who will continue teaching the subject.

People’s attitudes toward death has changed in the 21st century. The study shows how social-economic changes and development of medicine had an influence on attitudes toward death. After that describes the importance of end of life decisions, ways and legal methods of choosing postmodern (individualized) death, and finally the postmodern funeral and mourning rites.