Sibagaon pegmatites in Northwest India demonstrate transition from barren granitic magmatism to LCT mineralization, offering geochemical insights to refine rare metal exploration models. Hosted in calc-silicate rocks, these pegmatites are highly fractionated, peraluminous, LCT-type, show syn- to post-collisional signatures and feature lepidolite (contain up to 2.34 w-t% Li 2 O) as primary Li- mineral, followed by elbaite to liddicoatite tourmalines. Geochemical markers distinguishing them from barren granites include low Nb/Ta ratios, REE tetrad effects, non-CHARAC behavior, and linear Li-F correlation. Lepidolite and tourmaline exhibit core to rim Li and F enrichment. Tourmalines with liddicoatite rims and feldspar replacement textures indicate late stage CaO rich fluid contamination. This study illustrates a continuum from fractional crystallization to magmatic-hydrothermal interaction with late Li-F fluid influx causing rare metal mineralization. These signatures with inferred resource of 91,295 tonnes at 0.673 wt-% Li 2 O provide a quantitative framework for identifying similar prospects in evolved collisional granitic systems.

The objective of the research is to investigate the potential of circular economics in the development of the national ship recycling industry cluster. In conjunction with the entry into force on 26 June 2025 of the Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships, which establishes mandatory regulations to govern the way ships are recycled, modern ship recycling facilities are also growing in Indonesia. This growth is mainly due to the constant increase of uneconomical and old national shipping fleet. Which needs to be renewed and sent to the ship recycling facilities, due to the impact of the Cabotage principle, and due to high demand for raw materials from the iron and steel industry. in modern ship recycling activities, which comply with the regulations of the Hong Kong Convention, the "3 Rs" (recycle, reuse, and reduce) processes are realized, i.e., scrapped metal materials will be used as raw materials by the steel industry. ship structure and components, which are still in good condition, can be used by ship repair yards and other uses, and hazardous wastes are properly handled and treated. which will protect the environment from pollution, and indirectly reduce deforestation from ore mining. The potential circular economics could be realized by the networking of the ship recycling activities, which include: ship recycling yards, shipping companies, steel industry, ship repair yards, waste treatment facilities, and related institutions, which can be integrated into a ship recycling industry cluster.

ABSTRACT As part of its Vision 2030 initiative, Saudi Arabia has adopted digital transformation as a strategic pillar for economic diversification and sustainable growth. Substantial investments in digital infrastructure, R&D, and human capital aim to leverage the benefits of digitalization. However, the extent to which digitalization drives sustainable development across economic, social, and environmental dimensions remains underexplored. This study examines how the digital economy influences sustainable development in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the roles of green technological innovation, R&D, and human capital. Using both an aggregate sustainable development index and disaggregated measures, the analysis finds that digitalization significantly advances economic and social development but contributes to environmental degradation. Nevertheless, green technological innovation interacts positively with the digital economy, enhancing sustainability across all dimensions by mitigating digitalization's environmental impact while amplifying its benefits. This synergy underscores the role of integrated strategies that combine digital proficiency with eco‐innovations to achieve broader sustainability gains. Similarly, R&D stimulates economic growth and human well‐being, yet its positive environmental impacts emerge only after surpassing a critical investment threshold; below this threshold, R&D can hinder environmental sustainability, underscoring the importance of targeted investments that prioritize green technologies. Human capital accumulation also fortifies the digital economy's potential to promote balanced progress. Overall, the findings underscore the need for policies that nurture green innovation, sustain R&D expenditure, and elevate human capital to maximize the digital economy's contribution to sustainable development. By fostering synergy between digitalization and eco‐friendly technological advancements, Saudi Arabia can realize Vision 2030's goals of inclusive, enduring prosperity.

This study pioneers the mapping and analysis of the blue economy's potential across the 35 regencies/municipalities of Central Java by constructing a novel Blue Economy Index (BEI). Notably, this research is among the first in Indonesia to build the BEI using granular satellite data and digital sensor information, and to apply the Two-Step System GMM approach to dynamically analyze the factors influencing its development. This combination provides unprecedented sub national detail and robust insights into effective policy levers. The findings reveal significant disparities among the southern coastal, northern coastal, and non-coastal areas. The southern coastal regions exhibit higher BEI values compared to their northern coastal and non-coastal counterparts, which fall below the average. Results from the Two-Step System GMM regression analysis indicate that internet usage, infrastructure, and the COVID-19 period exert significant effects on the BEI. Specifically, infrastructure development, proxied by Nighttime Light (NTL), demonstrates a negative impact on the BEI, suggesting that environmentally unsustainable infrastructure may undermine the sustainability of the blue economy. Meanwhile, access to digital technology through internet usage plays a crucial role in fostering inclusive blue economy growth. Based on these findings, the proposed policy recommendations include optimizing environmentally friendly infrastructure development, leveraging digital technology to expand market access, and strengthening the resilience of the blue economy through Adaptive-Responsive-Innovative (ARI) crisis policies. Consequently, the development of the blue economy in Central Java is expected to enhance the sustainable welfare of coastal communities while fully optimizing the potential of coastal areas.

Economic inequality remains a pressing issue in Indonesia, particularly between urban and rural communities. This study explores the potential of Islamic economics as an alternative system to promote justice and social welfare. Using a qualitative descriptive approach through library research, the analysis draws on scholarly literature and institutional reports to examine key principles and instruments of Islamic economics. Findings indicate that mechanisms such as zakat, infaq, and waqf contribute significantly to wealth redistribution and poverty alleviation. Despite these benefits, implementation faces challenges including low public literacy, regulatory inconsistencies, and the dominance of conventional financial practices within Islamic institutions. The study underscores the need for collaboration among government, financial institutions, and civil society to enhance education, reform policies, and innovate Islamic financial instruments. While Islamic economics offers a promising integration of spiritual and material welfare, its success depends on systemic support and stakeholder synergy. Future research should incorporate empirical field studies to validate these findings

The North-Eastern Region of India is famous for huge reserves of bamboos available in the forests as well as the plantations cultivated along with homestead plantations available in the rural areas. The availability of many species of bamboos bearing huge potentiality makes the region famous and rich in natural resources. This paves the way towards development and prospects of bamboo-based industries in the North-Eastern region. This paper indicates and highlights the various literature reviews done, on the researches conducted by researchers to identify the potentiality, economic prosperity, availability of bamboos, and the challenges, problems, difficulties faced by the bamboo-based industries in the North-Eastern Region of the Country.

It is evident that sports products serve not merely as a means of physical exercise, but also as an emblem of the latent potential inherent in home economics, which can be actualized through the enactment of government policies pertaining to sports. One of the sports policies in Malaysia is the Guidelines for Sport According to Islamic Perspectives. Although the sports policy based on Islamic perspectives has been introduced in Malaysia, its true potential in empowering home economics through traditional sports products remains largely unexplored. This paper therefore examines how sports-related Islamic principles, such as goodwill, unity and harmony, can drive home economic growth through sports products, including production, marketing, innovation and design. This study uses a qualitative approach to explore the potential of wau (traditional kite sports) for home economic empowerment. The data collected consists of two main sources: printed materials and first-hand experiences of individuals actively involved in the wau sector. Accordingly, this paper has selected the traditional sports practiced by the Malay community in Malaysia as the subject of its investigation. Compliance with the aforementioned policy, namely the Guidelines for Sports According to Islamic Perspectives, can enhance competitiveness and increase income within the home economic sector. Indeed, the government's support, in the form of encouragement, recognition and technical training, provides traditional sports product operators with the opportunity to meet the demands of the local market, as well as to produce new sports products. It can therefore be argued that the Sports Guidelines According to the Islamic Perspective represents a significant driving force in the strengthening of the potential of home economics, particularly in the context of the traditional sports products industry

Tourism activities are highly relevant both as economic and social activities, as well as in the process of Spatial Planning of Potiguar Semiarid climate. This study aims at analyzing the public policies ruling the spatial planning in the highland cities of Potiguar Western. This work used the following methodological steps: bibliographical research on tourism, planning, public policies on tourism and spatial planning; documental analysis on tourism public policies and; field research with tourism agents in the cities involved. The region involving the Tourism Hub of Potiguar Western Highlands has 20 cities. They all possess economic, cultural and natural potentialities, but they do not present an effectuation on the public policies. It was verified that tourism management sectors have similarities, such as the fragility of articulating their activities. Therefore, it is necessary to outline an overview of the conditions for regional tourism activities regarding investments, planning and projects towards the fomentation of activities.

An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different doses of chemical fertilizers with the integrated use of vermicompost in 3 crops cropping pattern [T. aman-Mustard (relay crop) - Boro] and to find out optimum fertilizer doses of mustard under relay crop as well as the whole cropping system at the BINA Substation farm, Ishwardi during 2023 to 2024. Mustard was grown as relay crop with T. aman. Six treatments were used in the experiment which were T1: 100% PKS from chemical fertilizer (CF), T2: 100% NPKS from CF, T3: 100% P from VC + 100% NKS from CF (IPNS), T4: 100% P from VC + 100% NKS from CF (non-IPNS), T5: 50% K from VC + 50% K from CF +100% NPS from CF (IPNS) and T6: 50% K from VC + 50% K from CF + 100% NPS from CF (Non-IPNS) for T. aman rice (Binadhan-17) and T1: Native soil fertility, T2: 100% NPKS, T3: 75% NPKS, T4: 125% NPKS, T5: 150% N + 100% PKS and T6: 75% NPKS + 2 t/ha VC for Mustard (Binasharisha-11) and Boro rice (Binadhan-14). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In the first crop of the cropping pattern, the treatment T3 (6.5 t ha-1) produced maximum grain yield of T. aman rice followed by the treatment T5 (6.2 tha-1) which indicated that 100% P from VC+ 100% NKS from CF (IPNS) reduced the application of 100% P fertilizer from CF. In the second crop (Mustard) the treatment T4 (125% NPKS) produced maximum seed yield of mustard (1.02 t ha-1) which was statistically similar to all other treatment except the treatment T1 (0.21 t ha-1). In the third crop (Boro rice), the treatment T4 (125% NPKS) produced maximum grain yield of Boro rice (6.2 t ha-1) followed by the treatment T5 (6.00 t ha-1). As per total field duration for the cropping pattern was 308 which were 14 days more than the cropping pattern considering mustard as relay crop. This demonstrates that relay cropping of mustard with T. aman reduces total length of T. aman- mustard (relay crop) - Boro cropping pattern and also offers earlier sowing of mustard. Results also indicated that fertilizer doses (kgha-1) N75P0K26S7VC352, N107P24K54S22Zn2B2 and N161P18K67S13 were found better considering yield performance and economic potentiality of T. aman, mustard and Boro, respectively. For the whole cropping pattern BCR was found 2.06 which demonstrate the cropping pattern is cost effective and potentially acceptable. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric., 39(1): 77-86, 2025

This study explores the role and relevance of Islamic political economy within the context of Indonesia's economic system, particularly in addressing wealth distribution inequality and the fulfillment of basic societal needs. The study employs a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods to examine the relationship between Islamic economic principles such as justice, balance, and social responsibility and national economic policies. The findings reveal a philosophical alignment between Islamic economic values and Indonesia’s foundational principles, especially Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. However, the implementation of these principles remains limited, often confined to microeconomic aspects like Islamic financial institutions. Islamic political parties play a significant role in advocating for sharia-compliant economic policies but face challenges in reconciling Islamic values with a pluralistic democratic system. The study highlights the need for broader public education, strong political commitment, and digital innovation to fully realize the potential of Islamic economics in building a just, inclusive, and sustainable national economy.

This research explores the foundational principles and ethical framework of Islamic economics as a distinct paradigm from conventional economic systems. Anchored in Islamic legal and moral philosophy, the study examines core concepts such as the prohibition of Riba (interest), the obligation of zakat (almsgiving), the avoidance of Gharar (excessive uncertainty), and the requirement for halal (permissible) transactions. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the research draws on instructional material to identify how these principles are articulated and positioned within Islamic economic thought. The analysis reveals that Islamic economics is not merely a financial model but a value-based system emphasizing justice, social welfare, and divine accountability. Unlike conventional economics, which prioritizes utility maximization and market efficiency, Islamic economics centers on moral responsibility, risk-sharing, and ethical profit. The findings highlight the potential of Islamic economics to address contemporary issues such as inequality and unsustainable growth. This study contributes to the literature by offering a structured interpretation of Islamic economics grounded in scriptural sources and pedagogical content. Its originality lies in clarifying the ethical-spiritual foundation of Islamic economics and its relevance in modern discourse on sustainable and equitable economic systems.

Purpose: Kenya's strategic position on Africa's eastern coast makes its blue economy essential for national development. This study analyzes the relationship between sustainable maritime logistics and the potential of the blue economy to promote social equity, environmental sustainability, and economic growth. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted, synthesizing scholarly research, industry reports, and policy documents on maritime logistics and its contribution to Kenya's blue economy. The analysis focuses on key dimensions such as port infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and technological innovation. Results: The study finds that efficient maritime logistics enhance trade efficiency, reduce transportation costs, and support sustainable practices, thus maximizing the blue economy's potential. However, challenges remain, including limited port capacity, inefficient customs processes, insufficient cold chain infrastructure, and gaps in workforce training. Addressing these issues requires policy reforms and investments in modern infrastructure. Theoretical Contribution: This research contributes to the sustainable development theory by positioning maritime logistics as a central element of blue economic resilience and environmental stewardship. It introduces a conceptual model viewing maritime logistics as an enabler of sustainable blue economy growth in Kenya. Practical Implications: The study recommends targeted investments in green technologies, improved maritime training, and the formation of multi-stakeholder partnerships to foster collaborative and resilient maritime logistics systems. It also highlights the need for more comprehensive data and encourages future research to include primary data for deeper insights. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 2: Zero Hunger; SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being; SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities; SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities; SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

The digital revolution has brought significant changes to various economic sectors, including Islamic economics. This study aims to explore the potential of Islamic economics in the digital era by analyzing the opportunities and challenges faced. The research employs a qualitative approach, conducting a literature review on the digitalization of Islamic economics from both micro and macroeconomic perspectives. The findings indicate that digitalization in Islamic economics can enhance efficiency, accessibility, and transparency of transactions. Technological innovations such as Islamic fintech and halal e-commerce platforms play a crucial role in expanding the reach of Islamic financial services. However, challenges such as low digital literacy, inadequate technological infrastructure, and the lack of supportive regulations remain obstacles in the development of Islamic economics in the digital era. Therefore, government support in the form of appropriate regulations and the enhancement of public digital literacy are essential to maximize the potential of Islamic economics in the digital era. Collaboration among the government, industry players, and the community is key to addressing challenges and leveraging existing opportunities.

This research investigates the role of information technology and the creative economy in reducing unemployment rates in West Java Province, addressing challenges posed by global economic uncertainties. Employing a qualitative methodology, data was gathered through interviews with six staff members from local government departments, documentation, and literature reviews. The analysis, using the Miles and Huberman model, revealed that while information technology disseminates crucial information and fosters economic growth, it also contributes to job displacement. The creative economy emerges as a viable solution, requiring collaborative efforts among government, industry, and academia. The study suggests that policies must adapt to technological advancements, supporting workforce adaptation and leveraging the creative economy's potential. Continuous training and reskilling initiatives are essential for an inclusive and resilient labor market. Further research should explore specific strategies for aligning education with industry needs

Three hybrid varieties (F1; green, yellow and red colour) of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum), which processes great economical and nutritional potentialities, were taken in this study to assess their nutritional quality based on some biochemical parameters. Fresh capsicum of all three varieties were directly purchased from the greenhouse-shed of Shaurav Fishers and Agro Ltd, Trishal, Mymensingh. Vitamin C was determined by redox titrate method, total sugar (620 nm, anthrone solution), reducing sugar (510nm, dinitro salicylic acid solution), β-carotene (510nm, 480nm, acetone solution) and lycopene (663nm, 645nm, 505nm, 453nm, acetone and hexane solution) were estimated using a UV-visible spectrophotometer in the post-graduate laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural university, Mymensingh. All the varieties showed variations significantly (p≤0.05) among the studied parameters set with complete randomized design. The range of mean performance for the following biochemical parameters was determined to be: vitamin C 136.151–252.89 mg, titratable acidity 0.1–0.6%, total sugar 0.99–2.23%, reducing sugar 1.51- 2.35%, βeta–carotene 1.03-8.40 μg g–1 and lycopene 0.001–0.15 mg 100 ml–1. According to Duncan Multiple Range Test the parameters showed efficiency at 1% level of significance. From the overall ranking based on efficiency score red capsicum was the best one followed by yellow and green. Therefore, it could be concluded that among the three-capsicum varieties, the red variety possess more nutritional value. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 23(1): 42–49, 2025

Potential of Agricultural Economics: Considerations from Its History

This study explores the evolution of Islamic economic thought in Indonesia, from traditional practices to modernized systems. The scope includes tracing significant transformations in Islamic economics and its adoption in the financial and social sectors. The purpose of the study is to analyze how traditional Islamic economic principles have adapted to contemporary economic demands. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research employs library research to gather insights from academic works and historical documents. The findings reveal three major phases in the development of Islamic economic thought in Indonesia: the traditional phase, the modern phase marked by the establishment of Islamic financial institutions, and the contemporary phase, where Islamic finance has become more integrated into the national economy. The study concludes that, despite modernization, Islamic economics in Indonesia remains grounded in core principles of social justice, economic freedom, and responsibility. This evolution underscores the potential of Islamic economics to offer sustainable economic solutions aligned with both religious values and modern needs.

The study explores how behavioural principles, such as framing, nudges, and structured decision-making environments, have been embedded mainly in three flagship programmers viz. PM-Jan Dhan Yojana, PM-KISAN, and MGNREGS. The qualitative analysis highlights examples of choice architecture—such as the default enrolment in zero-balance bank accounts under Jan Dhan Yojana—and the use of financial incentives in PM-KISAN to provide income support to farmers. Similarly, MGNREGS employs guaranteed wages as an incentive to encourage rural employment and reduce poverty. These examples underscore the importance of aligning program design with the cognitive and socio-economic realities of beneficiaries. The paper also critically evaluates the limitations and challenges of applying behavioural economics in large-scale policy interventions, such as the potential for unintended consequences and the need for cultural sensitivity. By synthesising theoretical frameworks with practical applications, the study demonstrates how integrating choice architecture and well-structured incentives can improve program uptake, compliance, and overall impact. This research contributes to the growing discourse on innovative and inclusive policy design, offering valuable lessons for policymakers, development practitioners, and academics. It underscores the potential of behavioural economics to reshape welfare strategies, paving the way for more effective, sustainable, and equitable outcomes in addressing poverty and inequality

Water channel is a vital resourse in many countries, as it provides the communities with different economic potentialities. However, impact of human activities via industrialization, urbanization contaminates the water body leading to depletion of an important aquatic biota such as fish. The present study determined the prevalence of parasitic infestation in fish species (C. gariepinus and Heterotis niloticus) along Marma Water Channel, which comprises of Marma, Likori, Dawa and Madachi towns. The study was carried out for a period of 12 months (January to December, 2023). Parasitic prevalence, were evaluated using standard protocol. Two hundred and seventy (270) fresh fish species of both C. gariepinus and H. niloticus were randomly obtained from the landing sites on monthly basis. The overall prevalence of infection was 21.85%, in which higher prevalence rate was recorded in H. niloticus with 22.01% while C. gariepinus had 21.62%. Morphological examination revealed the identity of the encountered fish parasites with Bothriocephalus acheilognathii (40.9%), Biacetabulum infrequens (13.6%), Cecaria heterophiid (27.3%), Rhabdochona congolensis (9.5%) and Cystacanth (larval stage) (13.6%). It was concluded that Cestodes where more predominant with the total number of 17 parasites across the two fish species. It is therefore recommended that fish samples from Marma water channel should be properly cooked to protect consumers from ingesting fish contaminated with parasites.

BackgroundAs China's "Internet + Health" initiative advances, the digital economy significantly influences the quality of medical and health services. However, there is a research gap concerning the digital economy's specific impacts, mechanisms, and marginal effects on these services. This gap impedes a comprehensive understanding of the digital economy's potential in healthcare.AimsThis study aims to clarify the digital economy's impact mechanisms on medical and health services levels, offering a scientific foundation for more targeted and effective policy formulation, thereby fostering sustainable digital development in healthcare.MethodsUtilizing panel data from China's 31 provinces (2011–2020), this paper employs the Spatial Durbin Model to analyze the spatial and marginal effects of the digital economy on healthcare service levels. To ensure analysis accuracy and robustness, the study refines the spatial weight matrix and addresses model endogeneity using the Generalized Spatial Two-Stage Least Squares method. Additionally, it examines regional disparities in the digital economy's impact through SDM and explores intermediary mechanisms and threshold effects using a mediation effect model and a panel threshold model.ResultsFindings indicate that the digital economy positively affects medical and health services in both local and neighboring regions, with variations across areas. The eastern region particularly benefits from the digital economy's enhancement of service levels, while the central and western regions see less impact. The digital economy enhances services by improving medical resource levels and promoting their coordinated development. However, this positive effect is moderated by the digital economy's and the region's economic development levels, with more pronounced impacts in regions with higher digital and economic development.ConclusionsThe digital economy plays a crucial role in improving medical and health services, and its full potential is beneficial for the industry's advancement and sustainability. Nonetheless, addressing the uneven digital economy development across regions is essential to ensure equitable benefits for all areas.