Economic Model Research Articles (Page 1)

Anemia is a serious heath concern due to its high prevalence in the global population. Its occurrence in surgical patients varies greatly and correlates with worse outcomes. Higher costs and severe complications could also result from insufficient iron status. An effective way to mitigate the burden of iron deficiency could be the adoption of national patient blood management (PBM) programs. This study aimed to quantify the potential health economic benefits of implementing preoperative anemia management (the first pillar of PBM) with ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in Romanian hospitals. An already published decision-tree-based health economic model was adapted and populated with Romanian cost and epidemiological data from 2019. Cardiac (coronary artery bypass grafting) and non-cardiac (hip and knee arthroplasty) elective surgery cases were analyzed. Costs of complications per discharged case were assessed on the basis of data from ten local hospitals. A total of 14,641 cases met the inclusion criteria. On the basis of our sample of ten hospitals, the complication costs per case ranged from €1067.43 (for stroke) to €2896.14 (for sepsis with pneumonia). The health economic model simulated two scenarios. In the first scenario, all cases with anemia received FCM treatment. The total savings at the national level total were at least €1,500,875. In the second scenario half of the cases with anemia received treatment, resulting in savings of €363,779. Our results suggest that introducing iron deficiency anemia treatment with FCM in case of elective surgical interventions results in considerable cost reduction for the healthcare system.

Epilepsy affects millions globally, with a significant proportion of patients remaining refractory to conventional pharmacological and surgical treatments. Stem cell therapy represents a promising regenerative treatment. It can repair damaged neural networks, restore inhibitory balance, and modulate the inflammatory microenvironment characteristic of epileptic brains. Preclinical studies using diverse models, such as pilocarpine, kainic acid, and kindling have demonstrated seizure reduction, cognitive improvements, and histological repair following stem cell transplantation. Various cell types associated with stem cells, such as embryonic growth stem cells, neural growth stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, have been explored, each offering unique therapeutic advantages and challenges. Early clinical trials have demonstrated preliminary safety and feasibility, with encouraging trends toward seizure control and improvement in quality of life. Innovative strategies, including gene editing, preconditioning, scaffold integration, and exosome-based therapies, are being actively developed to overcome existing translational hurdles. Personalized regenerative approaches, regulatory harmonization, and sustainable economic models are crucial for advancing stem cell therapies from experimental settings to mainstream clinical applications. With continued multidisciplinary collaboration and scientific innovation, stem cell treatment holds the caliber for redefining the assessment of the landscape of refractory epilepsy.

Purpose The transition to circular economy (CE) models requires robust innovation ecosystems (IEs) that foster collaboration among diverse actors. This paper aims to map collaboration patterns within IEs for the CE (IECEs) and to explain how different actors contribute to CE development and why structural bottlenecks emerge. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct a multilevel, directed network analysis of 276 Horizon Europe projects involving 2,364 organisations across 31 countries, examining macro (country) and micro (organisation/type-of-agent) structures. The authors compute centrality, modularity and density and assess dynamic robustness via targeted node-removal simulations. Findings Countries that are advanced in CE are not always the ones at the centre of collaboration. Coordination tends to sit with a small group of countries. At the organisational level, firms mainly secure and use funding and deliver projects, while universities and research centres connect partners and often lead coordination. The public bodies are less well integrated. The network holds together, but it leans heavily on a few highly connected players and leaves smaller clusters at the edges. If the key players step back, collaboration and the spread of CE solutions could slow. Practical implications The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and funding bodies to refine collaboration frameworks, ensuring better alignment between innovation efforts and CE policy objectives. Social implications Strengthening collaboration within IECEs can accelerate the transition to sustainable economic models by fostering innovation-driven solutions to resource efficiency and waste reduction. Enhancing participation from diverse stakeholders, including public institutions, can contribute to more inclusive and effective CE policies. Originality/value The authors foreground the misalignment between actors’ transition mandates and their network positions and introduce role–centrality fit as a governance lens for assessing and improving IECE performance across macro- and micro-levels.

The reliability of a decision model to guide decision making depends on its ability to accurately predict patient outcomes. We present results of an external validation of the MicroSimulation Core Obesity Model (MS-COM) that was developed to compare the cost effectiveness of obesity management interventions in adults. We updated a 2018 systematic literature review of economic models in overweight and obesity and conducted additional targeted searches to identify suitable sources and outcomes to validate against MS-COM in people with overweight or obesity with or without type 2 diabetes. We extracted baseline characteristics and cardiovascular and mortality outcomes, where these were closely matched with MS-COM, and incidence of type 2 diabetes. We performed external-dependent (sources used in MS-COM) and external-independent (sources not used in MS-COM) validation. The extent of concordance between predicted and observed outcomes was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2), ordinary least-squares linear regression line (OLS LRL), mean absolute percentage error, root mean square percentage error and mean squared log of accuracy ratio. Ninety-nine potential independent validation sources were identified from 6381 screened records, of which nine studies reported cardiovascular and mortality outcomes that were closely matched with MS-COM, along with two studies that reported type 2 diabetes incidence (number of endpoints=106). The dependent validation of cardiovascular and mortality outcomes (N=18), based on the QRisk3 risk equation (normoglycaemia/prediabetes population) and UKPDS 82 (type 2 diabetes population), showed a good linear correlation with observed outcomes (R2=0.99 and 0.98, respectively). There was some slight overprediction of QRisk3 (OLS LRL slope=1.11) and underprediction of UKPDS 82 (OLS LRL slope=0.97). The independent validation of cardiovascular and mortality outcomes also showed a good linear correlation with observed outcomes, particularly in adults with normoglycaemia/prediabetes (R2=0.90; OLS LRL slope=0.86); however, an independent validation of type 2 diabetes incidence showed a poorer fit with some degree of underprediction (R2=0.74; OLS LRL slope=0.66). Mean error estimates were lower in the dependent validation, showing good concordance between predicted and observed values. External validation of MS-COM showed good concordance with dependent and independent sources, suggesting the model accurately predicts obesity-related complications in an overweight/obese population with normoglycaemia/prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

ABSTRACT This study presents a bibliometric review of fisheries management models in the Mediterranean from 1992 to 2024, with the aim of assessing progress and identifying research gaps. Key countries were analyzed for their contributions, while emerging trends were explored through keyword analysis. The review covered 878 documents, highlighting the variety of models used to assess ecological impacts on Mediterranean fisheries. In particular, the “Assessment for All” (a4a) model emerged as the most widespread, used in 23% of studies, demonstrating its acceptance by researchers. Within the Stock Assessment Models category, a4a was followed by SPiCT and XSA, which were also frequently applied, reflecting their relevance and adaptability in data‐limited and data‐rich fisheries contexts. In the Ecosystem Models category, Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) was the most utilized tool, widely applied for representing trophic interactions and evaluating ecosystem‐based management scenarios. MaxEnt led in the Species Distribution Models (SDMs) category, valued for its predictive performance using environmental data. Although specific names were often not reported, economic models were also commonly used, indicating the growing incorporation of socio‐economic dimensions in fisheries research. ISIS‐Fish was the most employed within the Population Dynamics Models, allowing detailed simulation and assessment of the impact of different management strategies on fisheries, fleets and ecosystems. In the Statistical Models category, Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) dominated, appreciated for their flexibility in modeling non‐linear relationships. Lastly, the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) was the most frequently used in Hydrodynamic and Biogeochemical Models, highlighting its capacity to simulate physical and ecological marine processes.

This paper employs mobility as its core analytical lens to investigate how the "She Economy" in China's digital era reshapes consumer discipline, reconfigures female representation, professions, and spatial mobility, and drives urban economic and industrial transformation. However, new media platforms have emerged as a critical tension field. On the one hand, algorithms, affective marketing, and notions of empowerment reproduce disciplinary logics, reinforcing aesthetic norms and constraining cognitive and affective mobility. On the other hand, platforms enable women to become online content creators, achieve economic independence through digital affective labor, and mobilize physically by leveraging digital imaginaries to overcome information gaps. Such gendered mobility practices extend beyond individual agency, significantly contributing to new economic models, the expansion of digital and cultural industries, and the "She Economy"-oriented urban renewal of China's emerging first-tier cities. Using Hangzhou as a case study, this paper analyzes the growth of the new media industry and the reconfiguration of its urban image, revealing the interconnections between women's employment, mobility, and urban transformation. This demonstrates that while new media reinforce disciplinary power, they also open novel spaces for female agency, production, and urban participation in the digital era.

Over a single century, Las Vegas has moved from desert outpost to global icon, proving that cities shackled by scarce resources can leapfrog history when bold institutions, restless markets, and frontier technologies lock into mutual acceleration. This paper dissects that trajectory, tracing how Las Vegas systematically loosened its dependence on gaming by architecting a tourism-entertainment core flanked by conventions, high-tech peripherals, and a resilient visitor economy. Simultaneously, it negotiated acute ecological bottlenecks, turning each constraint into an innovation brief. Three reciprocally reinforcing engines emerge: institutional innovation that converted regulatory flexibility into rapid capital accumulation; market-guided cluster evolution that lifted non-gaming revenue past the 50 % tipping point; technology deployment that decoupled growth from resource throughput through smart water grids, renewable loops, and data-driven demand management. Together they constitute an institution-capital-technology (ICT2) synergy frameworkan exportable template for any resource-bound city seeking escape velocity. Yet the analysis warns that transformation is never terminal. Deep structural imbalanceswater-energy-urban misalignment, socio-spatial stratificationmutate faster than master plans. Leapfrog futures will therefore hinge on: a liquid economic model that continuously reconfigures assets around real-time scenario data; innovation ecosystems triggered by extreme-use cases (mega-events, climate shocks, pandemics); resilient urban fabrics that treat equity and ecology as co-produced infrastructure. Theoretically, this study extends evolutionary economic geography by showing how market orientation and cluster dynamics co-evolve through institutional feedback loops. Practically, it delivers a playbook for peer cities eager to convert resource ceilings into innovation floors.

This paper displays a new model for Muti-Level Direct Selling Marketing. It's based on the CALISTA model proposed in Fanti [Cellular automata modelling of direct selling multilevel marketing dynamics. Int J Parallel Emergent Distrib Syst. 2024;1–21. doi:10.1080/17445760.2024.2447265], which is a cellular-automata-based model with six types of populations. In the new model, referred to as CALISTA-MM, several key modifications are made: (1) the transition rules are modified in order to appear as explicit functions of decision variables originating in a dedicated Marketing-Mix model, leading to the definition of a model with direct usability for decision makers since it provides a mathematically rigorous framework to interpret empirical data and (2) an agent-based model is introduced for distributors, which includes an original Net Economic Return model. Three interacting marketing-mix variables are retained (price, quality and quality-price ratio), along with an advanced model of distributor behaviour.

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings The CiST tool can help firms create a strategic business plan when already implementing a circular economic model, having been designed to support biomethane truck firms consider suitable business models. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Farmer protests have characterised much of the debate on climate and the environment in the EU in recent years. The protests and the European Commission′s subsequent rollback on environmental requirements for farming have cast doubt on the viability of the European Green Deal (EGD). Work on farms is inherently intertwined with nature. Climate change—through rising temperatures and extreme weather events—is already impacting working conditions. At the same time, agriculture is responsible for 11% of greenhouse gas emissions in the EU and is a major cause of biodiversity loss. Most research on the EGD has tended to focus on energy-related sectors, with comparatively less research on what it means for sectors like agriculture. This article applies a social law lens to legislation on agriculture in the EU and asks: what does the EGD mean for those who work in agriculture, and, to what extent is a just transition envisioned for the sector? The article is situated within a broader turn in labour law scholarship to examine the labour-nature nexus. It identifies social measures within the EGD, the Farm to Fork Strategy and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), with a focus on two disadvantaged groups: smallholder farmers and farmworkers. The article argues that there are elements of a just transition in current EU policies and legislation on agriculture, such as income support provisions, targeted measures for young farmers, and the introduction of a social conditionality clause. However, the social dimension of these instruments require further development to strengthen the connection between social concerns on the one hand, and economic and environmental concerns on the other. More fundamentally, the article points to a lack of a coherent vision of what a just transition in agriculture should entail—particularly in terms of its economic model and the position of those most affected, including smallholder farmers and farmworkers. This gap may help in explaining some of the underlying reasons for the farmer protests.

The subject of the research is the role of the state in economics in the polar coordinate system «neoliberalism – dirigisme» with the allocation of its system–forming essence in the modern era. The purpose of the work is to prove the inadequacy of a deliberate ideologically determined approach to assessing the state in economics from the point of view of minimizing its importance and the doctrine of «intervention – non–interference», which generate intellectual constructions in economics, economic models and analytical recommendations that are out of touch with life. The methodology of this research consists of theories of the state in economics, «systemic economics» and a concept based on the attitude towards the state as the system-forming basis of modern development. The main result of the research is to establish that the modern agenda in economics requires a systematic review of the development process of the state, rejecting the use of inappropriate terms and models based on them when it intervenes or does not interfere in market relations. This substantiates the need to eliminate the opposition between the state and the market in order to overcome the most important methodological problem of economic knowledge and obtain the most adequate development models and management tools for the economy and society . It is concluded that the Wagner law partiallyconfirms the effect of the Russian economy, which describes the expansion of the public sector in a situation in which the ratio between its share and the optimal rate of GDP growth is not an unshakable pattern, as well as the orientation of economic policy towards its search or accounting.

The primary objective of this study was to develop and apply an economic model to estimate cost savings associated with participation in the clubhouse program for individuals with serious mental illness. Using a prevalence-based economic model, this study estimated per-person annual cost savings for clubhouse participants. Data from existing research incorporates adjustment factors such as serious mental illness type, health care utilization, participation years, and visit frequency. Costs are calculated across six categories: inpatient and noninpatient mental health care, physical health care, criminal legal system costs, Supplemental Security Income/Social Security Disability Insurance benefits, and productivity losses. Results indicate estimated cost savings of $11,374 annually for clubhouse participants compared with nonparticipants. These savings are based on a prototypical participant with average needs, characterized by a general serious mental illness diagnosis, average health care utilization levels, 4 years of participation, and three-monthly visits. Significant cost reductions were observed across all categories, particularly in productivity losses, criminal legal system costs, and health care expenditures. Findings suggest that clubhouse participation may generate substantial cost savings by reducing health care needs and productivity losses through clubhouse's community-focused therapeutic model. These results support integrating community-based social support programs into value-based care models. Future research should validate these findings with real-world cohort data and examine the mechanisms driving cost savings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Our society finds itself immersed in a neoliberal rationality, suffering from its influence, and altering the forms of being and interacting with the world. The objective of this research was to understand whether this rationality has influence on the listening of Brazilian music therapists. In this study, of an exploratory nature, from a qualitative perspective, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with Brazilian music therapists with the aim of understanding how these professionals comprehend the theme of music therapeutic listening and neoliberalism as a political, economic, and social model. From these interviews, it was noticed that the listening of music therapists is turned toward the filling out of assessment charts and the current moment of the session, paying attention to sound and music issues and the current condition of the person being assisted. Regarding the relationship between music therapy and the theme of neoliberalism, some influences of this rationality were analyzed in theway the participantsunderstand and interact with each other, reflecting on the profession and in its workspaces. The interviews with the music therapists revealed that neoliberalism rationality has an impact on the listening of these professionals, insofar as it modifies the subjectivities and the form of interpersonal relationships of all people within society. Editorial Comment This research article brings forth and names circumstances that are all too familiar for those of us who grew up in the so-called third world but have been conveniently erased from conversations and the way we think about identities and relationships in music therapy contexts in other latitudes of the world. What do political views have to do with the way we provide care and care for one another? How is this a part of music therapists’thinking?The authors connect these dots clearly and highlight listeningas an ethical and political attitude that behooves all music therapists caring for othersto adopt.

ABSTRACT This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature on government spending multipliers from the 1980s to the present. Contributions are organized along theoretical and empirical dimensions, revealing a highly heterogeneous and context‐dependent landscape. The evidence consistently challenges the notion of a universal or fixed “Keynesian Multiplier”: instead, multiplier size varies significantly depending on economic conditions, identification methods, and model assumptions. While traditional real business cycle and representative‐agent new Keynesian models fail to generate multipliers above unity, recent advances—particularly those involving heterogeneous agents or behavioral frictions—yield more substantial effects. Empirically, results are highly sensitive to the treatment of fiscal shocks and the underlying identification strategy. Moreover, state dependence emerges as a key theme, with larger multipliers often observed during recessions, at the zero lower bound, or under fixed exchange rate regimes. The size and effectiveness of fiscal multipliers depend on the specific economic environment, modelling approach, and empirical framework. There is no “one‐size‐fits‐all” estimate: instead, multipliers are inherently conditional and vary across time, space, and institutional context.

This study discusses the strategic role of Pondok Pesantren Thohir Yasin in community economic empowerment through a community-based approach. Amidst the economic crisis and social inequality caused by less inclusive state policies, the pesantren emerges as an alternative solution by integrating religious values with grassroots economic strengthening. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research examines various empowerment programs, including job creation, MSME development, and community-based health services. The findings indicate that the pesantren has successfully acted as a social transformation agent, directly improving the community's standard of living. It not only strengthens institutional independence but also promotes sustainable local economic growth. This study emphasizes the importance of the communal economic model as a middle ground between liberal and socialist economic systems, while highlighting the need for institutional and managerial strengthening to ensure sustainable and inclusive empowerment.

One of the pressing issues in the field of economic process automation is the complexity of finding an analytical solution to optimal control problems in nonlinear economic models. This is due to complex interdependencies between variables, constraints on resource allocation, and external influences. In such conditions, traditional analytical methods become ineffective, requiring the application of numerical algorithms. This paper presents a numerical algorithm for optimal resource allocation in an open economic system. The method is based on the use of Lagrange multipliers and the golden section method to determine the stationary state of the system under labor and investment resource constraints. The proposed approach automates computational processes and ensures high calculation accuracy. The mathematical package Maple was used to implement the algorithm. The paper discusses the features of the algorithm’s software implementation and provides numerical experiments demonstrating its stability and accuracy. The developed algorithm can be applied in resource management information systems, automated planning, and decision-making systems in enterprises. It enables modeling of economic processes and forecasting optimal resource allocation trajectories considering external factors. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the approach for automation and information technologies in economic analysis and management.

Bridge design typically uses load-based design criteria focused on risk thresholds from engineering practice and standards, overlooking cascading effects on connected infrastructure and regional economies. We argue for a systems-based design that balances risk reduction with resilience — the capacity to recover from disruptions. Using the Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse as a case study, we estimate economic impacts assuming impact on local transportation networks only as well as integrating cascading failures on surrounding infrastructure (e.g., closure of the Port of Baltimore), employing the regional economic model TranSight. Results show combined bridge-and-port disruptions produce substantially larger losses in GDP, employment, disposable income, and labor force, with some indicators not recovering until 2040. The Baltimore region exhibits lower resilience to compounding shocks, highlighting the need for a resilience-based framework that considers interconnected infrastructure. We conclude infrastructure design must move beyond component-focused risk criteria toward an explicit, quantifiable resilience framework.

This study investigates the persistent paradox of low adoption of market-based price risk management instruments among non-perishable commodity farmers in Uttar Pradesh, India despite their availability. Traditional economic models fail to explain this gap, prompting a behavioural economics framework that posits farmers decisions are influenced by deep-seated cognitive biases and institutional incentives. Study hypothesize that loss aversion, status quo bias, and the perceived reliability of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) system create a state of "rational inertia" that discourages engagement with complex financial tools. Using a cross-sectional survey of 450 farmers in the Meerut district, Binary Logistic Regression to test these relationships. The results provide strong empirical support for our hypotheses. Study shows that loss aversion, status quo bias, and, most powerfully, perceived MSP reliability are all statistically significant negative predictors of adoption. The perceived reliability of MSP demonstrates a profound "crowding-out" effect where a one-unit increase in trust reduces the odds of adoption by 70%. Conversely, education was a significant positive predictor. These findings conclude that the barrier is not market failure but a behavioral dependency on a government safety net. The study argues for a strategic policy shift towards behaviorally-informed "nudge" interventions, such as reframing insurance products and using default options, to foster a more resilient and market-integrated agricultural sector.

Abstract Despite the evolution to a multipolar economic world during the past three decades, management and organization scholars around the world still largely employ a capitalist view from the United States as the normal state, with scholars analysing other economic contexts as some variation of such capitalism. Despite the fact that over 43 percent of the world’s population lives in nations whose constitutions say the nation is socialist, management and organization scholars appear frozen in time, tied to a historical period when there was largely only one dominant economic model. Our Point is that when communities (nations or individual groups) pursue other economic forms, scholars need to consider that contextual setting, including the socialism, rather than simply assume a typical United States capitalist context as the foundation for research. We identify, define, and illustrate four varieties of socialism in this Point . In turn, we then demonstrate how scholars’ understanding of the specific domain of entrepreneurship can be enriched if the socialism of the given context is addressed rather than capitalism assumed. Management and organization scholarship around the world should, moving forward, reflect the dynamics of each unique context, including the respective economic system in that given context, rather than continue to reinforce a United States epistemological hegemony.

ABSTRACT Amid growing emphasis on sustainability and customer-driven market, supply chain must balance environmental responsibility with efficiency. Present study develops a joint economic lot-sizing model integrating outsourcing, green technology investment, carbon emission regulations, and customization strategies in a two-level supply chain comprising a manufacturer and a retailer. The manufacturer produces fresh products and outsources defective repairs, while the retailer customizes part of the output to meet individual preferences. Both chain-partners invest in emission-reduction technologies to comply with carbon tax policies. Considering price-sensitive demand, the model optimizes customization cost, emission-reduction investment, selling price, and production cycle to maximize centralized profit. The novelty lies in the integrated treatment of outsourcing, carbon control, and customization under trade credit. Results suggest improving quality to reduce defectives, moderating customization, and setting optimal credit periods to enhance profitability.