Economic Growth In Rural Areas Research Articles

Unlocking nutrient recovery pathways: advancing low-carbon farming through agricultural waste treatment in Thekelan Hamlet

Abstract Recovering nutrients from wastewater and repurposing them to enhance soil quality is a sustainable approach that benefits wastewater management, social sustainability, and advancing the circular economy principles. This approach is especially relevant given the regulations and shortages, such as the uncontrolled release of wastewater, limited availability of fertilizers in developing countries, and the substantial cost associated with fertilizers. Therefore, the recovery of nutrients from major wastewater sources, notably agricultural wastewater that contains various nutrients offers a pathway to be recycled for further use, particularly in fertilizer productions. This study was conducted in Thekelan Hamlet, located at the base of Mount Merbabu, and it examines nutrient recovery from agricultural wastewater as a sustainable approach to advancing low-carbon farming. Most residents there make a living from farming and raising animals, as there is plenty of land available for agriculture. Undertaken from early 2024, this study employs methodologies such as nutrient extraction and recycling through community initiatives, emphasizing how repurposing waste nutrients through waste characterization, extraction techniques, and innovative recycling processes can enhance soil quality, reduce waste management costs, and foster local economic benefits. These approaches would further reduce fertilizer costs, support local production, boost crop yields, lower waste expenses, and attract financial support, positioning waste reuse as a model for environmental sustainability and economic growth in rural areas.

Advances in botanical-based nanoformulations for sustainable cotton insect pest management in developing countries

Cotton is an important crop that significantly contributes to the economies of developing countries, providing income for farmers and driving economic growth in rural areas. However, cotton production in developing countries faces significant challenges due to insect pest infestations. The main impacts include yield losses and increased reliance on synthetic pesticides. Recent advances in pest management are constrained by the use of chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment and less efficacy and stability of bio-based formulations, especially plant-based. Challenges are more significant in the developing countries where low technology, and reliance on synthetic adulterated products are experienced. To evaluate advances in sustainable pest management, 760 articles were collated and screened. A total of 39 qualified peer-reviewed articles were used to evaluate current research advancements in botanical nanoformulations for sustainable cotton insect pest management in developing countries and examined their efficacy on key cotton insect pests, formulation techniques, mode of action and environmental impact while identifying challenges such as nanoparticle stability and scalability. Results showed that botanical nanoformulations such as silver and zinc nanoparticles, nano-emulsions, and polymeric carriers enhance efficacy, stability, and environmental sustainability. About 85% of the studies were laboratory-based experiments, with only 15% being semi-field and/or field trials. Findings indicate that botanical nanoformulations are viable alternative for manging cotton insect pest management. However more researches are needed to optimize their stability and efficacy in real-world cotton insect pest management in developing countries context.

The Role of Advanced Biofuels in Promoting Energy Access and Economic Growth in Rural Areas

This paper examines the role of advanced biofuels in promoting energy access and economic growth in rural areas, with a focus on developing countries. Advanced biofuels, produced from non-food biomass sources such as agricultural residues, algae, and waste, have the potential to reduce rural energy poverty while creating economic opportunities. Through case studies of successful initiatives in countries like India and Brazil, this study highlights how decentralized biofuel production has improved energy access, created local employment, and enhanced agricultural value chains. Notable findings include the establishment of community-led biofuel plants that reduced reliance on imported fossil fuels and generated sustainable incomes for farmers by utilizing crop residues. The study also identifies key challenges such as limited infrastructure, access to financing, and policy support, while offering actionable recommendations to scale advanced biofuel adoption. Overall, advanced biofuels present a promising pathway to sustainable rural development by enhancing energy security, reducing environmental impact, and fostering economic growth.

Economic Growth in Rural Areas, Resource Agglomeration, and Stock Market Performance: Evidence from China

Economic Growth in Rural Areas, Resource Agglomeration, and Stock Market Performance: Evidence from China

Training on "E-Commerce and Digital Marketing Designs" (E- Codigimark) to Support the System Economy Village as a Form of Community Empowerment in Puger Kulon Village, Jember Regency

Economic growth in rural areas relies on managing natural and economic resources, emphasizing local wisdom. Village-owned Enterprises (BUMDes) is crucial in mobilizing local potential and improving infrastructure to support micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). In Puger Kulon Village, known for its fisheries and unique MSME products like shrimp paste and handicrafts, the lack of digital marketing limits economic growth. This community service aims to empower local MSMEs through E-CoDigimark, a digital platform that enchances product promotion and accessibility. Activities included socialization, training in website management, and digital marketing workshops. MSME actors learned to utilize social media, marketplaces, and E-CoDigimark to market their products effectively. Mentoring sessions prepared local admins to manage the platform sustainably. As a result, local businesses gained better visibility, and MSMEs improved their skills in creating engaging content, managing online stores, and connecting with broader markets. The program significantly impacted local economic empowerment, improving product competitiveness and digital marketing capabilities. With E-CoDigimark, Puger Kulon’s products now reach national and global markets, fostering sustainable economic development and establishing the village as a center of tourism and local enterprise.

The Impact of Agribusiness Sustainability on Productivity and Economic Growth of Rural Dwellers of Ondo State Nigeria

Agribusiness plays key roles in the sustainability of human life. It entails all businesses related to agriculture starting from the stage of input production to the final stage of marketing/ distribution of agricultural output. The formidable roles of agribusiness in transforming lives and its potentials to enhance the productivity of agribusiness practitioners were considered. Agribusiness was considered to be crucial to resuscitate Nigeria’s economic crisis due to set back in income generation via oil and gas. However, agribusiness activities are impaired by many problems among which include: scarcity of funds, poor policies implementation, erratic political system, unfavorable climatic conditions etc. This study focuses mainly on the assessment of the impact of agribusiness sustainability on economic growth of rural areas in Ondo State, challenges militating against agribusiness actors and some of the inventions to ameliorate them. The quantitative data are gathered via questionnaire and analyzed via descriptive statistics. Selection of the participants involved random sampling. The total sample size for the study was 150 respondents. The research finding showed that the economic growth of rural dwellers is significantly influenced by agribusiness activities. The result indicated that sustainable agribusiness has great impact on income generation at the rural communities and has potential to transform their productivity. Interventional measures such as mechanization, favorable agribusiness policies and incentives are recommended to boost agribusiness activities to assist rural dwellers’ productivity. The results of this study may be pertinent in the development of policies and strategic plans for sustainable agribusiness productivity among agribusiness actors.

MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS THROUGH THE FORMATION OF THEIR ENERGY DEPENDENCE BASED ON THE INTENSIFICATION OF BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

The article is dedicated to the study of the mechanisms for ensuring economic development in rural areas of Ukraine by promoting energy independence and intensifying biofuel production. The subject of the research is the use of renewable energy sources, in particular biomass, as a tool for achieving energy autonomy and economic stability of rural communities. This is especially relevant in conditions of energy dependence on imported energy carriers. The study examines biomass as a resource with significant potential to meet local energy needs, create additional jobs and stimulate economic growth in rural areas. The paper discusses key aspects of the use of renewable energy sources, particularly biomass, in agriculture as an effective tool for local economic development, reducing dependence on traditional energy resources and increasing the country's energy security. The purpose of this article is to study the mechanisms of economic development of rural areas through energy independence and development of the biofuel sector. To achieve this goal, the article discusses the theoretical aspects of energy independence, analyzes current practices of biofuel production, and provides recommendations for their further implementation. Particular attention is paid to the role of bioenergy in reducing environmental risks and implementing sustainable solutions in rural hromadas (communities). The study analyses international experience in the development of the bioenergy sector and its adaptation to Ukrainian conditions, taking into account the natural and economic characteristics of rural areas. Key factors that facilitate the effective implementation of biofuel production projects are identified, including innovation, investment and government support. The methodological basis of the study includes the application of methods of comparative analysis, systematisation and statistical data processing. This comprehensive approach enabled an in-depth analysis of the opportunities and limitations of bioenergy in Ukraine, in particular by comparing biomass use practices in developed countries and identifying effective strategies for the Ukrainian context. The article also discusses the prospects for improving the regulatory framework to create favourable conditions for bioenergy development, the need for infrastructure improvements and the involvement of local communities in renewable energy projects. The economic and social benefits to rural communities of implementing bioenergy solutions are examined separately. The study puts forward a series of proposals for the advancement of Ukraine's bioenergy sector. These include the enhancement of financing mechanisms and the promotion of private initiatives. Furthermore, the paper explores the potential of agricultural waste as a foundation for biofuel production. It is hypothesised that this could enhance the economic efficiency of the agricultural sector and reduce reliance on imported energy resources. The primary findings demonstrate that the development of biomass-based bioenergy has the potential to contribute significantly to the enhancement of economic stability and social well-being within rural hromadas. In order to implement energy independence in an effective manner, there is a necessity to improve the legislative framework, encourage investment in biomass storage and transportation infrastructure, and foster collaboration between local governments and state institutions. The implementation of these measures will facilitate a gradual transition of rural regions to sustainable economic development by reducing dependency on external energy sources and supporting local biofuel production.

Integrating 4IR technologies in microgrid development: Implications for sustainable economic growth in rural areas of Nigeria

Integrating Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies in microgrid development offers significant potential to drive sustainable economic growth in rural areas of Nigeria. This paper explores how advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain can be leveraged to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and scalability of microgrids, which are critical for providing reliable electricity in underserved regions. The integration of 4IR technologies can optimize energy generation and distribution, enabling real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and decentralized energy management. These innovations not only improve the operational efficiency of microgrids but also facilitate the creation of new economic opportunities by powering local industries, supporting agricultural productivity, and enabling digital services in rural areas. Furthermore, the deployment of 4IR-enhanced microgrids can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of energy systems in rural communities by promoting the use of renewable energy sources. This contributes to Nigeria's broader sustainability goals and aligns with global efforts to combat climate change. The study also examines the socio-economic impacts of microgrid development, including job creation, improved quality of life, and the empowerment of local communities through increased access to electricity. The findings suggest that integrating 4IR technologies in microgrid development can play a pivotal role in addressing energy poverty, fostering economic resilience, and promoting inclusive growth in rural Nigeria. This research underscores the need for supportive policies, investment in technological infrastructure, and capacity-building initiatives to fully realize the potential of 4IR technologies in transforming rural energy systems. The implications for sustainable economic growth are profound, offering a pathway for rural areas to leapfrog into a more prosperous and sustainable future.

Impact of Human Resource Development Practices on Employee Performance in Ghana's Community Banking Sector

Aim – This study investigates the influence of Human Resource Development (HRD) practices on employee performance in community banks, with a specific focus on the mediating role of employee competence. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted an explanatory research design aligned with a positivist epistemology. Data was collected over three months using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to a sample of 254 employees selected through a stratified random sampling technique from the three leading community banks in Ghana's Ashanti region. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis was then employed to analyze the collected data. Findings – The analysis revealed significant positive relationships between HRD practices and both employee performance and competence. Furthermore, the study confirms that employee competence mediates the relationship between HRD practices and employee performance. Limitation – The study employs a cross-sectional design, limiting the ability to establish definitive causal relationships. Practical implications – Community banks can leverage this research to design and implement targeted HRD programs that enhance employee skills and knowledge, leading to improved performance and ultimately contributing to the financial well-being of rural communities. Findings on the mediating role of employee competence suggest that HRD practices should go beyond just training and development, encompassing initiatives that foster a learning culture and encourage knowledge application within the organization. The study's focus on community banks in Ghana extends the generalizability of HRD practices research to developing economies, informing HR strategies for these institutions. Originality/value – This study emphasizes the vital role of well-planned HRD interventions in community banks, specifically in enhancing employee skills and knowledge for improved organizational performance. It provides valuable insights into HRD practices within these institutions, highlighting its potential to drive financial inclusion and support economic growth in rural areas. Additionally, the study advances knowledge on HRD-performance dynamics in an underexplored context: community banks in developing economies.

Integration of renewable energy-powered cold storage solutions for reducing post-harvest food waste in rural agricultural areas

Post-harvest food loss remains a critical challenge in rural agricultural areas, exacerbated by inadequate storage facilities and unreliable energy access. This study develops and optimizes an advanced renewable energy-powered cold storage system tailored for rural settings, integrating solar and wind energy with phase change materials (PCMs) for efficient energy storage. The system incorporates Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensors and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven energy management to maintain optimal storage conditions and enhance energy efficiency. Field trials conducted in Lincolnshire, UK, and Appalachian regions of the US demonstrated significant reductions in post-harvest food loss by an average of 43.5%, extensions in produce shelf-life by up to 300%, and increased income for smallholder farmers by approximately 43%. The system also achieved an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional diesel-powered systems. Economic analyses revealed a shorter payback period and higher return on investment, confirming the system's viability. High user satisfaction and adoption rates indicate the system's practicality and potential for widespread implementation. The findings suggest that integrating renewable energy with smart technologies in cold storage solutions offers a scalable and sustainable approach to enhancing food security, promoting economic growth in rural areas, and supporting environmental objectives globally.

Blooming markets: The economic dynamics of the Nepal rose trade

Thanks to its excellent climate and varied agroecological zones, Nepal has been a significant player in the global rose market. The geographical variety of the nation makes it possible to grow roses all year long, making it a desirable location for rose export and cultivation. The production and export of roses have significantly increased in recent years. The rose trade has increased in Nepal for several reasons. Investment in the industry has been stimulated by government measures to support floriculture and offer incentives to rose farmers. Additionally, the effective distribution of roses to domestic and foreign markets has been made possible by better transportation infrastructure. The growth of the global market has greatly aided the development of Nepal's rose industry. The growth of rose cultivation in Nepal has significantly impacted the economy and employment. It is a good source of revenue through internal sales, export, and other activities that provide value addition. The sector creates direct farm jobs while local communities benefit from indirect employment in supporting industries. In addition, there is increased job opportunities due to seasonal spikes in demand. Rose exports have expanded due to a rise in demand for Nepali roses, particularly in European markets and nearby nations like India. The favorable trade agreements Nepal has with several nations have helped to increase its exports even more. But issues still exist in the rose trade sector. Since maintaining consistent quality is necessary to compete in the international market, quality control and standardization continue to be areas of concern. The rose business in Nepal is also vulnerable to changes in global demand and competition from other nations that grow roses. Further expansion of the industry will help it overcome problems like limited technology and training hence leading to its fast development; this calls for government support as well as market expansion. In conclusion, the rose trade environment in Nepal is a fluid and changing one. Due to favorable circumstances, government assistance, and global demand, the sector has seen significant expansion. Continuous efforts in quality control, market diversification, and innovation are necessary to maintain and grow this sector. The rose trade in Nepal has the potential to significantly boost the nation's agricultural exports while promoting economic growth in rural areas.

Rural Tourism Management Cloud Service Platform Based on Interactive Mobile Embedded Systems

Aiming to address the issues of low data execution efficiency and slow storage speed on traditional tourism cloud service platforms, a rural tourism management cloud service platform based on an embedded system is proposed. The embedded device components, such as the ARM processor, NOR Flash memory, and RTL network chip, are utilized to optimize the hardware structure of the cloud service platform. This optimization aims to enhance data processing and storage efficiency, as well as improve the reliability and durability of system operation. The unstructured feature grasping algorithm is employed to gather rural tourism resource data for target demand characterization. Associated algorithms are then utilized to develop data analysis, service recommendation, and tourism management modules, creating a comprehensive tourism cloud service platform. Additionally, the shortest path algorithm is used to enhance database storage speed, improve business docking efficiency, establish a big data monitoring center, comprehensively monitor changes in the scenic area and related industries, and enhance platform service efficiency. It has been proven through experiments that the latency of the tourism management cloud service platform, based on the embedded system, is reduced by almost 46.7% compared to the traditional approach, and the throughput is increased to 0.69 b/s. The practical application effect is positive, as it contributes to the development of tourism resources and the economic growth of rural areas. It also brings about economic and social benefits.

Generating Local Economy through Tourism Village: Case Study of BRILian Benteng Village

This research aims to explore how tourism villages can revive the local economy, focusing on the case study of BRILian Benteng Village. The research method used was qualitative with a population in the form of all people in BRILian Benteng Village and purposively selected samples. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed with content analysis techniques. The results showed that BRILian Benteng Village has quite diverse tourism potential, such as forts, plantations, crafts, and regional specialties. Local economic development strategies through tourism promotion, skills training, and strengthening cooperation among local economic actors have had a positive impact on the welfare of rural communities. However, the challenges faced include limited access and infrastructure. Based on these findings, it is recommended that local governments strengthen regulations, optimize the use of information technology, and expand transportation access and infrastructure support. The emergence of diverse tourism villages encourages local people to get involved in the creative industry and tourism, which ultimately boosts the local economy. Maximum utilization of village tourism potential can be the main driver of economic growth in rural areas. Support from local governments, business actors, and communities is needed to increase the competitiveness and attractiveness of tourism villages. Efforts to strengthen infrastructure, tourism promotion, and community services must be optimized so that tourism villages can provide maximum benefits to the local economy. The tourism sector can be the right solution in an effort to equalize development in various regions, especially villages that have the potential to be developed into attractive tourist destinations. Community participation in preserving the environment and culture is also the key to success in the development of tourism villages. Aligning between cultural preservation and utilizing local economic potential is the right strategy in developing tourism villages sustainably.

Generating Local Economy through Tourism Village: Case Study of BRILian Benteng Village

This research aims to explore how tourism villages can revive the local economy, focusing on the case study of BRILian Benteng Village. The research method used was qualitative with a population in the form of all people in BRILian Benteng Village and purposively selected samples. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed with content analysis techniques. The results showed that BRILian Benteng Village has quite diverse tourism potential, such as forts, plantations, crafts, and regional specialties. Local economic development strategies through tourism promotion, skills training, and strengthening cooperation among local economic actors have had a positive impact on the welfare of rural communities. However, the challenges faced include limited access and infrastructure. Based on these findings, it is recommended that local governments strengthen regulations, optimize the use of information technology, and expand transportation access and infrastructure support. The emergence of diverse tourism villages encourages local people to get involved in the creative industry and tourism, which ultimately boosts the local economy. Maximum utilization of village tourism potential can be the main driver of economic growth in rural areas. Support from local governments, business actors, and communities is needed to increase the competitiveness and attractiveness of tourism villages. Efforts to strengthen infrastructure, tourism promotion, and community services must be optimized so that tourism villages can provide maximum benefits to the local economy. The tourism sector can be the right solution in an effort to equalize development in various regions, especially villages that have the potential to be developed into attractive tourist destinations. Community participation in preserving the environment and culture is also the key to success in the development of tourism villages. Aligning between cultural preservation and utilizing local economic potential is the right strategy in developing tourism villages sustainably.

Generating Local Economy through Tourism Village: Case Study of BRILian Benteng Village

This research aims to explore how tourism villages can revive the local economy, focusing on the case study of BRILian Benteng Village. The research method used was qualitative with a population in the form of all people in BRILian Benteng Village and purposively selected samples. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed with content analysis techniques. The results showed that BRILian Benteng Village has quite diverse tourism potential, such as forts, plantations, crafts, and regional specialties. Local economic development strategies through tourism promotion, skills training, and strengthening cooperation among local economic actors have had a positive impact on the welfare of rural communities. However, the challenges faced include limited access and infrastructure. Based on these findings, it is recommended that local governments strengthen regulations, optimize the use of information technology, and expand transportation access and infrastructure support. The emergence of diverse tourism villages encourages local people to get involved in the creative industry and tourism, which ultimately boosts the local economy. Maximum utilization of village tourism potential can be the main driver of economic growth in rural areas. Support from local governments, business actors, and communities is needed to increase the competitiveness and attractiveness of tourism villages. Efforts to strengthen infrastructure, tourism promotion, and community services must be optimized so that tourism villages can provide maximum benefits to the local economy. The tourism sector can be the right solution in an effort to equalize development in various regions, especially villages that have the potential to be developed into attractive tourist destinations. Community participation in preserving the environment and culture is also the key to success in the development of tourism villages. Aligning between cultural preservation and utilizing local economic potential is the right strategy in developing tourism villages sustainably.

A Study on the Role of MGNREGA in Fostering Economic Development via Welfare Initiatives, Employment Opportunities, and Asset Formation in Rural Bangalore

Abstract: Over the years, the evolution of the Indian economy has witnessed substantial transformation and enhancement. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) has emerged as a pivotal component in fostering the development of rural India, primarily through its dual impact of employment generation and asset formation. This research paper employs trend analysis to investigate the pivotal role of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in driving economic development in rural areas of Bangalore. MGNREGA, a flagship welfare initiative, is examined through its multifaceted impact on welfare enhancement, employment generation, and asset accumulation. The study delves into the effectiveness of MGNREGA in improving the socio-economic well-being of rural communities by providing critical welfare benefits, facilitating employment opportunities, and promoting asset formation. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the nuanced relationship between MGNREGA initiatives and economic development outcomes in rural Bangalore. By uncovering significant trends and patterns, the research offers actionable recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders to optimize MGNREGA's impact on fostering inclusive and sustainable economic growth in rural areas

Contribution of Non Governmental Organisations Projects Intervention on Social Economic Growth in Rural Areas. A Case of World Vision Rwanda 2019-2022 Kivuruga Sector, Gakenke Disrtict, Northern Rwanda.

This research is basically done to assess contribution of Non-Governmental Organizations projects intervention on socio economic growth of in rural areas a case study of World Vision Rwanda project in Kivuruga sector. This study had the following specific objectives: to find out the contribution of NGOs on socio economic growth in Kivuruga sector, to elaborate socio economic impacts of NGOs in rural areas especially in Kivuruga sector, to identify the relationship between activities of WVR and socioeconomic growth of its beneficiaries in Kivuruga sector and to give suggestions and recommendation on NGOs activities in rural areas. Due to financial means, time constraints and the need of precision of results, it was impossible to study all population. Target population of this study was 127 beneficiaries of World Vision Rwanda project in Kivuruga sector. A sample of 56 respondents was selected and cluster sampling was used for selecting groups, or clusters, of participants from the population. The clusters were chosen based on distribution of World Vision Rwanda project’s respondents in cells. The study also employed purposive sampling as the sampling technique. Questionnaire, interview and a documentation research were used as tools of data collection. The statistical analysis of the collected data was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). This study assessed the Contribution of WVR in socio-economic growth where the findings indicated that great extent and very great extent make 73.2%. Therefore, the WVR played a big role in economic growth of Rwanda especially in Kivuruga Sector. As conclusion, it has been revealed that the capacity of the beneficiaries to cover basic expenditure and need (such as food, clothing, transport, education and housing, etc.) has been improved over the program/project period. Likewise, the programs executed by WORLD VISION Rwanda have enabled beneficiaries to engage in small businesses, different income generating activities, developing markets through a systems approach and market linkage, promote and increase the saving practice. As a result, beneficiaries of the programs have their source of income and they become self-reliance and empowered. The recommendations to future action planners are to improve livelihood, socio-economic conditions and then to reduce poverty the participation of women.

Economic Empowerment of Tribes through Marketing of Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPS) in Alluri Seetharamaraju District, A.P

Tribal populations across the world rely on non-timber forest products (NTFPS) for their livelihoods, including food, fuel, fodder and litter. Organizations report that many rural people are dependent on forest resources, with around 80% of the developing world using NTFPs for their health and nutritional needs. NTFPs are also important for reducing poverty, conserving biodiversity and promoting economic growth in rural areas. In India, over 50 million people rely on NTFPS for income and subsistence, with NTFPS contributing to 50% of household livelihoods and income for 20-30% of the agency population, particularly for tribes. NTFPs form a significant source of income and food for many tribal communities, making up 70% of forest based export income and 50% of forest revenues in some countries. Tribal communities have a strong connection to the forest and depend on NTFPS for their cultural and socioeconomic needs. The main objective of the study was to measure the economic impact on marketing of NTFPs and understand the perception of the respondents who are engaged in collection and marketing. This is a descriptive study and it aimed to demonstrate the importance of NTFPS in the economy of forest dependent communities in ASR district of Andhra Pradesh. These strategies can help create more sustainable and equitable markets for NTFPs, benefiting both local communities and the wider economy.

Risk Prediction of the Development of the Digital Economy Industry Based on a Machine Learning Model in the Context of Rural Revitalization

In today's society, rural areas face challenges such as complex terrain and uneven population distribution, and infrastructure construction is exceptionally difficult. At the same time, poor information transmission and low communication efficiency have also become a major obstacle to the promotion of the digital economy in rural areas. This study aims to use gradient advancement models to identify potential risks in the growth of the digital economy sector related to rural revitalization. In this study, we used an enhanced hierarchical gradient boosting algorithm. The research results indicate that the introduction of this technology can provide us with a more comprehensive and reliable risk prediction model, thereby more scientifically assisting the development and decision-making of the digital economy in rural areas. This article provides a new perspective and solutions for development issues in rural areas, promoting sustainable development and economic growth in rural areas.

Peatlands management for sustainable use on the integration of maize and cattle in a circular agriculture system in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Management of peatlands with an integrated system of maize and cattle is an alternative to circular agriculture in peatland areas that can increase economic growth in rural areas which is environmentally friendly and sustainable (green economy). This study aims to obtain a circular agriculture model with zero waste management based on the integration of maize and cattle which is environmentally friendly and sustainable in peatland areas, in addition to increasing the added value and farmers' income. This circular agriculture model utilizes site-specific technological innovations and local resources that can restore sustainability in the peatland. The analysis methods used were before-and-after study analysis, baseline surveys, field trials using an experimental design and analysis of variance, financial analysis, and institutional engineering. To achieve this goal, two sub-models were implemented, namely a rural agro-industrial approach based on local agricultural resources by managing appropriate site-specific technological innovations (on-farm) and a local human resource approach through rural institutional engineering, that is farmers’ institutional initiation, development, empowerment, and institutional strengthening of agribusiness (off-farm). The results showed that the circular rural agricultural management model on integrating maize and cattle as a benchmark could increase farmers' income in the peatland areas by more than 208 % from IDR 4,760,000 to IDR 14,600,000 per month. The management of peatlands through circular agriculture can improve quality products and add value to the utilization of waste such as animal feed products (silage), organic fertilizers, and biourine. This rural circular agriculture model is carried out by social engineering, initiation, and strengthening of rural agribusiness institutions that are environmentally friendly so that they can be sustainable.