Optimal capacity planning with economic emission considerations in isolated solar-wind-diesel microgrid using combined arithmetic-golden jackal optimization

Exploring the impact of industrialization and electricity use on carbon emissions: The role of green FinTech in Asian countries using an asymmetric panel quantile ARDL approach

The Chinese government has set ambitious climate reduction targets: the country has pledged to reach their carbon dioxide (CO2) emission target before 2030 and achieve climate neutrality before 2060. To achieve this ambition, harvested wood products (HWP) play an essential role in offsetting the residual emission. However, knowledge gap exists in terms of the role of HWP in achieving pledged ambitions expressed in Nationally Determined contributions (NDCs) and long-term low-emission development strategies (LT-LEDS). This study projects the size of the Chinese HWP carbon pool until 2060 based on the 2019 Refinement of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories (PA2019) and the GLOBIOM-China land use model. While the net carbon sequestration of the HWP carbon pool has increased in China over the last two decades, our assessment shows that there is a risk that the net sink of HWP carbon may have peaked as of 2020 and will saturate and decrease with time. As of 2020, the annual net GHG sink for the HWP carbon pool was estimated at -173.45 MtCO2, and under a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, this rate would be reduced to -131.10 MtCO2 by 2060. A high bio-energy demand scenario, consistent with limiting global warming to 1.5◦C, leads to a greater reduction in the HWP sink, which by 2060 will amount to only -33.33 MtCO2. However, the net carbon sequestration rate of HWP could be enhanced to -136.54 MtCO2 if efforts are made to enhance the domestic consumption of semi-finished wood products. As a result, although the HWP is currently providing China with significant reductions in its economic emissions on a national level, its development over time should be fully integrated into national strategies directed at mitigating climate change and meeting international obligations.

OIC countries experience a fast and stable socio-economic development over the last decades. However, in the same time environmental degradation have also escalated as a consequence of its development. A central question raises whether OIC countries can push socio-economic growth without reducing environmental quality, or whether this region can implement emission reduction strategies without impeding their growth potentials. In this regards, this study examines the econometric relationships between emissions and socio-economic including output, population, emission intensity, investment, and urbanization. Employing panel data from 49 OIC countries from 1990 to 2019, the results show that GDP per capita, population, emission intensity, value-added industries, and proportions of urban communities significantly affect per capita CO2 emissions. It is suggested that climate change mitigation in emissions by OIC countries needs to be carried out both in the short and long term in reducing their dependence on fossil energy use both in production and consumption side, including the environmentally friendly technologies.

The Major goal of this manuscript is to evaluate the long run relationship of economic growth, energy consumption, CO2 emissions and air transportation within the context of EKC hypothesis. In this sense, ADF and PP unit root tests, FMOLS, DOLS, CCR and ARDL tests are performed in order to determine the coefficient of effects of independent variables on dependent variable CO2 emissions. The periods from 1970 to 2020 for variables are derived from World Banks and Ourworldindata official website as annual data. According to FMOLS, DOLS, CCR tests there is a long-term stable linkage between CO2 emissions and energy consumption from 1970 to 2020 for all NAFTA countries including USA, Canada, and Mexico which is demonstrated empirically. It can be interpreted that increased consumption of the non-renewable energy or fossil will increase the amount of carbon dioxide emissions. For this reason, all three countries need to benefit from more environmentally friendly renewable energy sources.

With the promotion of the “dual carbon” goal, a large number of distributed photovoltaic power are connected to the distribution network. Since the current operation optimization of the low-voltage transformer district is based on single objectives such as the economy and power reliability, the model is relatively simple and difficult to adapt to the large-scale access of photovoltaics. Therefore, this article comprehensively considers carbon emissions, different load characteristics, and differentiated demand response of the district. An optimization method for low-voltage transformer district operation under the dual-carbon background is proposed. First, the typical structure of a low-voltage transformer district is introduced. Second, the load types and characteristics of the low-voltage transformer district are analyzed, and differentiated demand response models are established for different types of loads. Finally, taking the minimum economic cost and carbon emission as the objective, the low-voltage transformer district operation optimization model considering carbon emission and differentiated demand response is established by considering the voltage overrun of the photovoltaic access point, substation capacity constraint, and carbon emission constraint. The simulation results show that the model can effectively reduce the economic cost and carbon emissions of the low-voltage transformer district, achieve more than 95% reasonable utilization rate of new energy in the low-voltage transformer district, improve the lateral time distribution of load in the low-voltage transformer district, and provide an effective means for low-carbon scheduling of distribution networks.

China has proposed ambitious goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, and will pay more attention to the relationship between economic development and carbon emissions. It's significant to assess the current environmental decoupling and prospect the future conditions in China. This article studies the decoupling status and influencing factors in Chinese provinces from 1996 to 2018 through Tapio decoupling index and decomposition model. The results show that most provinces are currently in a weak decoupling state. The growth of per capita GDP and population will affect the process of strong decoupling, while the optimization of energy intensity, energy structure and industrial structure will promote the realization of strong decoupling. Moreover, this paper prospects the decoupling scenarios of Chinese provinces from 2019 to 2035 and finds that all provinces will achieve strong decoupling before 2040, 2035 and 2030 under different carbon emissions scenarios respectively. To achieve the strong decoupling of economic output and carbon emissions as soon as possible, the government must improve energy efficiency, use renewable energy in large quantities, and promote the industrial transformation and upgrading.

Many countries are concerned about environmental dirtiness problems due to CO2 emissions, and they try to fix this issue by developing several policies. The major goal of this study is to reveal the coefficient of influence factors on carbon emissions by considering different time periods within the framework of implementation of policies. In this context, this study explores the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions within the frame of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. However, this article considers the linkage between the logistics sector and CO2 emissions in terms of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland from 1960 to 2015, which replaced the sea transportation as independent aside from (economic growth) gross domestic product and energy consumption. The Fourier Shin co-integration test, fully modified least square, dynamic least square, canonical co-integrating regression, and autoregressive distributed lag bound test models are performed from 1960 to 2015 (as two separate periods) as annual data in order to reveal the long-run relationship between variables within the scope of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for Scandinavian countries including Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland. According to results of the autoregressive distributed lag bound test, if maritime freight increases by 1%, CO2 emissions increases by 0.2723%. A 1% increase in energy consumption increases CO2 emissions by 0.3356%. The short-term autoregressive distributed lag bound test findings ascertain that the major factors of CO2 emissions in the short-term are changed in maritime freight, energy consumption, and gross domestic product at a 1% significance level for Denmark. Due to the explosive growth of the transportation sector, coupled with a significant rise in greenhouse gas emissions from this sector, preventive policies should be followed. In order to avoid pollution from transportation, it is essential to find out its necessary drivers. In addition, policymakers should kick-start applications of new technology in transportation to reduce pollution by releasing new energy-saving vehicles. In this sense, transportation carbon tax and strengthening incentives for energy conservation should be implemented.

A techno-economic analysis has been used to evaluate three processes for hydrogen production from advanced steam reforming (SR) of bio-oil, as an alternative route to hydrogen with BECCS: conventional steam reforming (C-SR), C-SR with CO2 capture (C-SR-CCS), and sorption-enhanced chemical looping (SE-CLSR). The impacts of feed molar steam to carbon ratio (S/C), temperature, pressure, the use of hydrodesulphurisation pretreatment, and plant production capacity were examined in an economic evaluation and direct CO2 emissions analysis. Bio-oil C-SR-CC or SE-CLSR may be feasible routes to hydrogen production, with potential to provide negative emissions. SE-CLSR can improve process thermal efficiency compared to C-SR-CCS. At the feed molar steam to carbon ratio (S/C) of 2, the levelised cost of hydrogen (USD 3.8 to 4.6 per kg) and cost of carbon avoided are less than those of a C-SR process with amine-based CCS. However, at higher S/C ratios, SE-CLSR does not have a strong economic advantage, and there is a need to better understand the viability of operating SE-CLSR of bio-oil at high temperatures (>850 °C) with a low S/C ratio (e.g., 2), and whether the SE-CLSR cycle can sustain low carbon deposition levels over a long operating period.

Due to the differences in geographical location, industrial structure and economic development in China, the level of economic development and pollution emission levels in different regions vary widely. Using the environmental Kuznets curve theory, this paper conducts an empirical study with Hubei and Gansu provinces as examples, and analyzes the relationship between wastewater, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions and per capita GDP in the two provinces during 2005-2015. The research shows that the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions and per capita GDP in Hubei presents a classic Kuznets curve "n" curve, while the three indicators in Gansu cannot form a reasonable Kuznets curve relationship with per capita GDP. Combining the two provinces According to the specific conditions of different industrial development stages, relevant policy suggestions are put forward to promote energy conservation and emission reduction in the two provinces while promoting economic development, so as to achieve a reasonable development trend of the Kuznets curve and usher in a decline in pollutant emissions.

Many believe good government to be essential for a nation’s progress, but, in fact, governance is a multidimensional concept with uncertain implications for economic development and global sustainability. The World Bank has tracked six country-level Worldwide Governance Indicators since 1996. Statistical regression analysis across 150 countries identified two of these indicators, Government Effectiveness and Regulatory Quality, that consistently help to explain changes in economic growth and CO2 emissions. The regression results provided the evidence needed to incorporate the effects of governance in an existing climate-population simulation model. Policy testing of the revised model led to findings about what improved governance can and cannot do. The testing suggested that the best combination of such improvements could boost progress on emissions reduction without hindering economic development—but not enough to strongly mitigate climate change. Achieving the double goal of economic development and strong climate change mitigation would thus require some kind of extra effort that does not fall under the usual definitions of good national governance.

The paper covers a conceptualisation of the meaning of energy and energy policy as well as an empirical analysis of economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The empirical research aims at evaluating the advancement of the transformation of the energy sector.

The Pressure of Economic Growth Target and Carbon Emissions: Firm-Level Evidence from China

Abstract:

The dynamics of CO₂ emissions and economic growth: A comparative analysis using symbolic time series

ABSTRACT This article examines the impact of Indonesia’s electricity reform and meeting its 2030 carbon emissions and 2050 renewable energy targets on the country’s economic growth, carbon emissions and poverty and income distribution. Simulation results from a dynamic computable general equilibrium model show that energy reform and carbon tax in Indonesia have a regressive impact while the gasoline tax has a progressive impact. Of the two demand side policies, gasoline tax was found to be more harmful than the carbon tax, resulting in GDP loss, declining investment, higher energy prices, and rising urban and rural poverty. A hybrid policy comprising a renewable energy mix target (supply side policy) and a carbon tax (demand side policy) is a viable option for minimising GDP loss, income disparity and carbon emissions. However, the transition towards renewable energy use is fraught with challenges for Indonesia.

ABSTRACT This study aims to reduce economic cost and pollutant emissions of microgrid while satisfying the loads demand and system constraints. A combined cooling, heating and power microgrid model is established integrated with photovoltaic power generation unit and energy storage system. A hybrid grey wolf optimizer is proposed by introducing chaos strategy, mutation strategy and levy strategy into grey wolf optimizer to deal with the shortcomings of mathematical methods and original intelligent optimization methods in microgrid optimal scheduling. The proposed method is verified from a case study and compares with the original grey wolf optimizer. The hybrid grey wolf optimizer reduces the daily economic cost, environmental cost and comprehensive cost of microgrid system by 9.9 $, 34.3 $ and 20.27 $, with the reduction rates of 1.20%, 10.99% and 3.27%. This study is beneficial for alleviating environmental pollution and energy crisis, and promotes economic production and sustainable development.

ABSTRACT Reducing global warming effects without jeopardizing economic prosperity demands the analysis of the link between these factors. Environmental degradation and economic growth are thought to be related in a non-linear manner, following an inverted-U pattern called the ‘Environmental Kuznets Curve’ (EKC). Despite the many studies seeking empirical support for this relationship, the literature does not provide conclusive findings. By presenting the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) as an explanatory variable, this paper aims at providing a comprehensive analysis of EKC from 86 countries with different development levels, covering the period between 1971 and 2014. Different statistical estimation techniques were used, including an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model, dynamic panel data techniques, and the Sasabuchi–Lind–Mehlum (SLM) test. The results show no clear evidence supporting the idea of EKC, neither for production volumes nor for production sophistication, as captured by ECI. Nonetheless, when ECI increases, pollution levels drop monotonously only for developed countries.

Biodiesel is a seemingly suitable alternative substitute for conventional fossil fuels to run a diesel engine. In the first part of the study, the production of biodiesel by modified direct transesterification (MDT) is reported. An enhancement in the biodiesel yield with a considerable reduction in reaction time with the MDT method was observed. The required duration for diesel and biodiesel blending was minimized including glycerol separation time from biodiesel in the MDT method. The development in the automotive sector mainly focuses on the design of an efficient, economical, and low emission greenhouse gas diesel engine. In the current experimental work Ceiba pentandra/Nigella sativa and diesel blends (CPB10 and NSB10) were used to run the diesel engine. A variety of approaches were implemented to improve the engine performance for these combinations of fuels. The fuel injector opening pressure (IOP) was set at 240 bar, the torriodal re-entrant combustion chamber (TRCC) having a six-hole injector with a 0.2 mm orifice diameter each, provided better brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with lower emissions compared with the hemispherical combustion chamber (HCC) and trapezoidal combustion chamber (TCC) for both CPB10 and NSB10. CPB10 showed better performance compared with NSB10. A maximum BTE of 29.1% and 28.6% were achieved with CPB10 and NSB10, respectively, at all optimized conditions. Diesel engine operation with CPB10 and NSB10 at 23° bTDC fuel injection timing, and 240 bar IOP with TRCC can yield better results, close to a diesel run engine at 23° bTDC fuel injection timing, and 205 bar IOP with HCC.

We investigated the asymmetric effects of energy consumption, car ownership and tourism activities on CO2 emissions in the UK. Empirical results from the Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model reveal that in the UK, only car ownership has asymmetric effects on emissions with a magnitude of −1.428% (positive) and 10.108% (negative) shocks that highlight the impact of car ownership on emission level in UK while rising energy consumption and GDP have symmetric positive impacts on emissions, and tourism has a negative impact on emissions. Furthermore, on causality analysis, we found a unidirectional causality runs from GDP per capita to car ownership, and that car ownership and tourism both causes energy consumption in a one-way relationship. Apart from encouraging environmentally friendly energy sources to reduce carbon emission in the UK, the short and long-run analyses disclose that economic expansion and energy consumption increase carbon emission. Empirical results also offer a new perspective on the ascending relevance of electric cars in UK. Hence, only policies that discourage the use of carbon emission inputs in the process of production should be encouraged. Electric vehicles seem to be more efficient when compared to combustion engines because most energy put in the battery is used to drive the cars and wastes less energy when they are driven in cities. This can be achieved by increasing tariffs and decreasing quotas on internal combustion-powered cars. Subsequently, promote and increase usage of electric vehicles that reduce greenhouses