ABSTRACT Regional heterogeneity poses a persistent challenge for cross-city tourism recommendation, as tourist behaviour and destination characteristics vary widely across cultural, economic, and spatial contexts. This study investigates how such regional differences shape visitor behaviour and proposes a novel recommendation framework, FPNRegionalRec (Feature Pyramid Network-based Regional Recommendation Framework), that explicitly models city-level contextual factors. Using large-scale user-generated reviews collected from Ctrip across six Chinese cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Suzhou), we analyze cross-city differences in experiential, temporal, and geographic patterns and incorporate them into an interpretable recommendation model. Experimental results show that FPNRegionalRec consistently outperforms mainstream baselines, including collaborative filtering, graph-based, and sequential recommendation models, particularly in culturally similar and high-traffic cities, while regional embeddings remain robust under cold-start conditions. By connecting destination image theory and tourist behaviour heterogeneity with computational modelling, this study provides an interpretable framework for cross-city tourism recommendation. The findings can help online travel platforms and destination management organisations adapt recommendation strategies across heterogeneous cities, identify context-specific behavioural signals, and support more targeted point of interest (POI) promotion and cold-start management.

ABSTRACT Australia’s refugee education policy development occurs within a fragmented and evolving landscape, shaped by competing priorities, historical precedents, and shifting political and economic contexts. While English language acquisition has dominated policy discourse, emphasis on policies for wellbeing and inclusion have gained prominence in recent years. However, significant gaps persist, leaving educators to navigate inconsistent and often ambiguous policy frameworks. Drawing on critical policy analysis and interviews with 12 policymakers in Australia, this study explores the tensions, constraints, and influences shaping policies that affect the education of refugee-background students and highlights the contested nature of policymaking in this area. Utilising the policyscape framework, we identify how policies interact, evolve, and are influenced by broader national and international education and migration discourses, as well as historical and institutionalised practices. Findings reveal that specific refugee education policies in Australia are largely absent or reactive, leaving a refugee education policy vacuum. In this vacuum, local actors work reactively in response to evolving student cohorts, defaulting to historical and institutionalised practice, while education policy development is driven by international trends towards universal rather than targeted approaches. This study calls for a more proactive, research-informed, and equity-driven approach to refugee education and policy development in Australia.

High costs and care needs impact not only individuals living with cancer but also their family caregivers. As cancer burdens disproportionately affect Black/African American populations, Black caregivers may provide more intensive care and face greater financial impacts than White caregivers, yet experiences of Black cancer caregivers are understudied. This research explored the lived experiences of stress and coping among Black caregivers of adult care recipients (CRs) with cancer. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with twelve Black cancer caregivers (seven males, five females) who cared for parents (n = 4), other relatives (n = 4), romantic partners (n = 2), and friends (n = 2). A stress and coping process model of cancer caregiving guided thematic data analysis. Two themes were identified. First, caregiving stressors (events/conditions leading to distress appraisals/coping practices) included three sub-themes: conflicts between caregiving duties with other responsibilities (e.g., employment) and personal needs (e.g., social activities), financial stress shaped by both cancer care needs and financial backgrounds of CR and caregiver, and stressors stemming from community (e.g., cancer stigma) and healthcare contexts (e.g., racism). Second, coping practices (behaviors for managing distress appraisals/stressors) included three sub-themes: self-care practices (e.g., hobbies), problem-solving (e.g., working second jobs), and support from CR and broader social network (e.g., emotional support, financial assistance). Stress and coping experiences of Black cancer caregivers varied widely and were rooted in their caregiving, economic, community, and healthcare contexts. Interventions and supportive services for cancer caregivers should consider individual needs and cultural coping patterns to advance the inclusion and support of Black caregivers.

Fine particulate matter with a diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) pollution poses a global public health crisis, demonstrating significant threats to human health. This study focused on the strategically important Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle in western China, systematically comparing the toxic effects of urban and rural PM2.5 across five levels. PMF and regression analysis were used to identify source contributions, dual-omics to pinpoint key molecules, and epidemiological data with a GAM model to assess health risks. Findings demonstrate that rural PM2.5 possesses greater biotoxicity than its urban counterpart. Cytotoxicity in urban and rural PM2.5 originated from road dust/vehicle emissions and biomass burning, respectively. Subsequently, integrated omics and molecular biology analyses identify kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A) as a shared key target, which mediates toxicity induced by both urban and rural PM2.5. Finally, epidemiological analysis reveals that females and ≥65 years old exhibit relatively high sensitivity to urban PM2.5 exposure trends, with rhinitis showing a comparatively higher impact among various related diseases. The novelty of this work lies in its pioneering application of a multi-tiered investigative approach. This approach spans "environmental samples-cellular mechanisms-population health" within the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle context, systematically elucidating common and distinct respiratory health risk of urban and rural PM2.5. This work offers a vital scientific foundation for advancing region-specific, precise air pollution prevention and control measures.

Obesity is one of the world's leading health burdens. The prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise globally, creating significant healthcare and socioeconomic challenges. Effective strategies are essential to address this crisis. To thematically map global obesity management strategies and policies, focusing on policy- and system-level features relevant to national implementation, to inform context-sensitive policy considerations in Thailand and similar health systems. A scoping review was conducted to map global obesity management policies and identify key themes, challenges, success factors, and future directions. Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus, were searched for relevant documents published between January 1, 2004, and June 30, 2024. The gray literature was also reviewed to assess the reimbursement status of obesity medications. The analysis identified three main policy domains: public policy, food security and healthy environments, and healthcare system support. Through the scoping review and thematic synthesis, 19 distinct policy themes were identified. High-income countries generally demonstrated more comprehensive and integrated strategies compared to middle-income countries. Regarding medical reimbursement for obesity treatment, coverage for bariatric surgery was more commonly available across settings, whereas reimbursement for anti-obesity medications remained limited. For example, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) were reimbursed for obesity indications in selected high-income countries, including Denmark and the United Kingdom. In contrast, in countries such as the United States, China, and Thailand (restricted to the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme), these agents were reimbursed primarily for type 2 diabetes rather than for weight management. Integrated strategies that combine prevention and treatment, supported by interagency collaboration, are critical for effective obesity management. Additionally, designing policies that align with the social, cultural, and economic context of each country is crucial for achieving sustainable obesity management.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) applications on the overseas investment efficiency of Chinese multinational enterprises using firm-level data from 2008 to 2023. The results show that AI can significantly improve investment efficiency. Mechanism analysis indicates that AI plays roles by mitigating managerial myopia and enhancing dynamic capabilities. Heterogeneity analyses indicate that the positive effects of AI are more pronounced in host countries characterized by high economic policy uncertainty and greater institutional distance. Concurrently, the enabling effects of AI vary depending on firms’ organizational learning capabilities and political connectedness. These findings underscore the transformative potential of AI in refining multinational enterprises’ investment strategies, strengthening global competitiveness, and facilitating adaptation to diverse institutional and economic contexts, thereby providing actionable insights for improving international investment performance.

ABSTRACT This article examines the emergence of the term kalsa in Manus Province, Papua New Guinea, as an alternative understanding of cultural heritage in contrast to the older term kastam, and explores whether this shift signals a significant change in people’s orientation in historical time. Drawing on François Hartog’s concept of regime of historicity, the article contrasts kastam, which valorizes the past through traditional exchange practices and kinship obligations, with kalsa, which reimagines cultural heritage as a platform for innovation, identity, and economic opportunity, especially through tourism and performance. Through two ethnographic case studies, a cultural festival on Baluan Island and the personal journey of an urban Manus woman, the paper illustrates how individuals navigate tensions between the entangled temporalities of tradition and modernity. The analysis suggests that kalsa embodies a forward-looking temporal orientation, reflecting changing subjectivities and aspirations. Ultimately, this evolving cultural lexicon may indicate a broader transformation in how Manus people conceptualize time, tradition, and agency within contemporary social and economic contexts.

ABSTRACT This essay examines the nature, production, and reception of Cassell’s Illustrated Shakespeare (1864–1869), a successful Victorian edition of Shakespeare’s works edited by Charles and Mary Cowden Clarke. First published in 1864 as part of the commemorative initiatives surrounding the Shakespeare Tercentenary, the edition appeared in multiple printings until the late nineteenth century, yet its bibliographical history remains poorly documented owing to the publisher’s consistent omission of publication dates. This has generated considerable confusion among scholars and antiquarians. The study reconstructs the edition’s complex publishing history and situates it within its broader cultural, social, political, and economic contexts. After establishing the sequence and approximate dates of the various editions, the essay turns to their critical reception, with particular attention to how contemporary reviewers shaped the reputation of Cowden Clarke as a female editor.

National oral health research strategies (NOHRSs) are increasingly recognized as critical mechanisms for aligning oral health research with public health needs, strengthening health systems, and advancing the World Health Organization's (WHO's) vision of "oral health for all." They are also pivotal for accelerating global progress toward Strategic Objective 6 of the WHO Global Oral Health Action Plan 2023-2030, which calls for the development of public health-oriented national research agendas. While global momentum for NOHRS development is growing, countries remain at markedly different stages of readiness and implementation. To support coordinated international progress, a satellite workshop was convened at the International Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research (IADR) General Session and Pan European (PER) Congress in Barcelona, Spain, in June 2025. The workshop brought together invited participants, policymakers, and researchers representing diverse geographic, economic, and governance contexts. Drawing on a preworkshop survey, invited workshop presentations, and structured breakout discussions, this article synthesizes key insights and lessons learned.

Women, especially in urban marginalized areas, face a set of challenges and limitations in the field of health promotion. Considering the key role of women in family and community health, and their vulnerability in marginalized conditions, this study aimed to examine health-promoting lifestyle in women living in urban marginalized areas, to identify their needs and provide a foundation for designing evidence-based interventions and effective policies to improve women's health. This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2025 on 295 women living in a suburban area of Mashhad, northeastern Iran, using multi-stage sampling. After ethical approval and written informed consent, participants completed a demographic questionnaire and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II), whose Persian version has confirmed validity and reliability in Iran (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82). Data were analyzed in SPSS version 25 using descriptive and analytical statistics including Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman correlation tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. The mean age of the women was 37.25 ± 10.63 years and mean total health-promoting lifestyle score was 127.87 ± 26.91, with the highest mean score in the spiritual growth dimension (26.02 ± 5.58). Analyses showed a significant inverse relationship between age, number of children, BMI, and lifestyle score (P < 0.05), and lower lifestyle scores among women with chronic diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia (P < 0.05). A significant increase in lifestyle score with higher family income (P < 0.05), and differences in mean lifestyle scores based on marital status and educational level (P < 0.05). The findings indicate that the overall level of health-promoting lifestyle among women living in marginalized areas is moderate and associated with various individual and social factors. These findings suggest that improving women's health in such settings requires attention to both personal behaviors and broader economic and educational contexts. Further studies are recommended to design and assess interventions that effectively address these factors.

Regulating veterinary antimicrobial prices as an antimicrobial stewardship policy: Impact of France's 2015 ban on purchase discounts.

ABSTRACT Community participation through Water User Associations (WUAs) is intended to support sustainable water resource management in Tanzania, yet its effectiveness remains uncertain, particularly in the Wami-Ruvu Basin. This study investigates the extent and quality of participation across five stages of water management: identification, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Using Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation and Participatory Development Theory, a cross-sectional design was applied to 385 WUA members, supported by household surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Data were analysed using a Linear Mixed Model. Findings indicate that participation is generally low and largely symbolic rather than empowering. Engagement is highest during identification activities but declines significantly in planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation stages (p < 0.001). Major barriers include limited time, weak communication systems, restricted opportunities for input, and elite capture by dominant individuals. The results reveal a gap between policy expectations of participatory governance and actual practice within WUAs. The study concludes that WUAs, while structurally designed for inclusivity, do not yet facilitate meaningful or equitable participation. Strengthening institutional capacity, improving communication, and adapting interventions to local socio-cultural and economic contexts are recommended to enhance effectiveness and transform WUAs into genuine platforms for community-driven water governance systems.

Upstream nurse-community partnership strategies to improve social determinants of health: A scoping review.

This study examines the relationship between key macroeconomic factors and economic growth, with a focus on inflation, investment, and consumption dynamics. It adopts an analytical framework to explore three core dimensions: the growth–stability trade-off reflected through inflation, the role of external versus domestic investment captured by foreign direct investment (FDI) and gross capital formation, and the significance of demand-side forces through consumption expenditure and its share in GDP. Using secondary data from established national and international sources, the study analyzes trends over a multi-year period to identify patterns and relationships among the variables. The findings suggest that consumption plays a central role in driving economic growth, underscoring the importance of demand-side dynamics in shaping overall economic performance. Inflation exhibits a nuanced relationship with growth, indicating that while moderate inflation may support expansion, volatility can hinder stability and long-term growth prospects. Investment variables, including FDI and capital formation, demonstrate mixed effects, reflecting the influence of structural conditions, policy environment, and economic context. Overall, the study highlights that economic growth is a multifaceted process influenced by the interaction of macroeconomic stability, investment flows, and consumption patterns. The results emphasize the need for balanced and well-coordinated macroeconomic policies that simultaneously promote stable prices, encourage productive investment, and sustain consumption demand to achieve long-term economic growth.

This article presents the main features of Morocco's 1983 Finance Law. It places the law within the difficult economic context of the early 1980s, marked by budgetary constraints, external imbalances, public debt, and the need for adjustment. The article discusses how the Finance Law frames state intervention, expenditure, taxation, and financing choices, while reflecting the tensions between economic recovery, fiscal stabilization, and development priorities.

Porcine enteric coronaviruses (PECs), including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), remain major causes of neonatal diarrhea, dehydration, mortality, and economic loss in swine production. Despite substantial progress in vaccine development, durable field protection is still inconsistent. In this narrative review, this narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on PEC vaccine design from three connected perspectives: antigenic breadth, mucosal immunity, and translational evaluation. The economic and virological context of PEC vaccine development is first summarized, including the recurrent production burden of PECs, coronavirus genome organization, structural proteins, and the central role of the spike protein in receptor engagement, membrane fusion, and neutralizing antibody induction. Key issues are then discussed, including how spike diversity, conformational stability, epitope accessibility, glycan shielding, and antigen matching influence protective breadth; why intestinal secretory IgA, mucosal immune-cell trafficking, local memory responses, and lactogenic immunity should be prioritized as biologically relevant endpoints; and how delivery route, adjuvant selection, and platform design shape response quality. Current evidence on recombinant protein, viral-vectored, nanoparticle, virus-like particle, probiotic, plant-derived, and mRNA-based approaches is compared with attention to both promise and current evidentiary and translational limitations. The available literature suggests that future progress in PEC vaccinology is likely to depend less on platform novelty alone than on integrated vaccine designs that align antigen selection, mucosal delivery, maternal-neonatal protection, heterologous challenge, manufacturability, and field applicability.

Personal recovery is a mainstream concept in mental health research and practice in the West. The applicability of personal recovery to other cultural and economic contexts is not well understood. This study aimed to characterise the recovery narratives of people living with psychosis in rural Ethiopia. We carried out in-depth interviews with 13 individuals with psychosis, and repeated interviews after 12 months. We conducted an inductive narrative analysis. We first read transcripts to create a case history for each participant. We then identified text which spoke to the dimensions: (i) narrative form (genre and tone); (ii) narrative structure; and (iii) narrative ‘voices’ (characters and meta-narratives). We created a typology of narratives by grouping them into genres, before comparing findings between participants. Whilst there were some stories of change and hope (endeavour narratives), the majority were characterised by struggle (endurance narratives) or despair (entrapment narratives). The narratives were shaped by key characters (family, community, God, medication) and five meta-narratives: supporting family is the priority in life; working makes you well; people with mental illness are less than human; traumatic life events cause or worsen mental illness; and it is God's will that ultimately determines events. Contextual circumstances- poverty, lack of work opportunities, limited access to mental healthcare, and gender norms- were critically important in shaping the lives of our participants. These findings resonate with the critique that some recovery frameworks may be too positive, neat and individualistic to speak to the range of experiences of people with psychosis. Supporting mental health recovery in contexts such as Ethiopia involves addressing structural factors that impede recovery, such as poverty, poor access to medication, and stigma, in ways that are congruent with cultural norms. • People with psychosis in Ethiopia tell of struggle, despair and sometimes hope. • Supporting family is the priority in life for most. • Poverty, limited mental healthcare, stigma and gender norms shape peoples' lives. • Addressing these factors may support personal recovery.

In Mexico, Indigenous groups face persistent structural disparities in access to healthcare services, leading to high rates of preventable diseases and increased vulnerability to financial hardship associated with to out-of-pocket health expenditures. We conducted an analysis of health coverage and health-related expenditures among Indigenous population using microdata from the three cycles of National Survey of Household Income and Expenditures. These years correspond to contrasting policy and economic contexts: 2018 marks the final phase of the Seguro Popular program; 2020 reflects its termination alongside the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic; and 2022 captures the subsequent transition period marked by the restructuring of the national public healthcare system. We found that Indigenous systematically face greater barriers in accessing healthcare systems and are more likely to incur highest out-of-pocket health expenditures compared with non-Indigenous population. The evidence underscores the need for inclusive health policies that prioritize equity in accessing health care services.

Reframing human–nature connectedness: A multi-scale agent-based model across time and region

Nutrition-sensitive ill-health is a wicked problem that has been resistant to resolution. Systems thinking and systems-based practice (SBP) offer a more relational, contextual approach but there remains the need for an integrative framework that operationalises systems thinking in a way that is transformative. Eco-nutrition addresses this gap, conceptualising food, nutrition, health and wellbeing as products of interacting biological, environmental, sociocultural, economic and political systems. A narrative review was undertaken using meta-narrative and hermeneutic approaches to synthesise the historical evolution of ecological thinking and its application to nutrition. Databases searches, citation chaining and targeted searching identified seminal and contemporary literature. Sources were selected for conceptual relevance rather than exhaustive coverage. Eco-nutrition is articulated as an interconnected systems-within-systems approach grounded in biodiversity, temporal relationality and intergenerational dynamics. It consists of three domains: biological ecologies, tangible systems and meta-contextual domains (that include system anchors, connectors, shapers and interpreters). Eco-nutrition reframes nutrition as SBP and the behavioural expression of systems literacy. The framework illustrates how misaligned systems generate biological and sociocultural consequences that manifest as eco-health disorders across economic contexts. The framework enables practitioners to work inter-sectorally, with multiple actors and across scales: recognise how structures, policies and resource flows shape eco-health outcomes; anticipate unintended consequences; identify leverage points; and build transformative ecological, social and institutional capacities. Eco-nutrition provides a coherent, integrative approach for advancing SBP in nutrition. By identifying the capabilities required for future-ready practitioners, including cultural responsiveness, reflexivity, critical and systems thinking, ethical practice, leadership and communication, it positions nutrition professionals as accountable systems stewards aligned with the realities of the Anthropocene.