Economic Center Research Articles

Perception of uncontrollable mortality risk is associated with food insecurity and reduced economic effort among resource-insecure college students during COVID-19.

In the framework of the uncontrollable mortality risk hypothesis, resource scarcity intersects with mortality risk, shaping resource allocation strategies with enduring impacts on human health and wellbeing. Despite rising economic and food insecurity among US college students, little is known about how these insecurities relate to mortality risk, or how scarcity and mortality risk interact to shape college students' resource allocation strategies. We examine perceptions of resource scarcity and mortality risk and their associations with food insecurity and resource allocation strategies among economically insecure college students during COVID-19 lockdowns. Participants were recruited through an economic crisis response center at a major public university in the United States. A total of 118 participants completed an online Qualtrics survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics, perceptions of mortality risk and resource availability, food security, economic effort, and time perspective; a subset (n = 51) also participated in a telephone interview assessing psychological distress. In general, participants reported more environmental adversity and economic effort during COVID-19 lockdowns compared to before. Students experiencing higher levels of uncontrollable (and not controllable) mortality risk report lower levels of economic effort, and the association was strongest among students perceiving the fewest resources. We also found significant associations between uncontrollable mortality risk and food insecurity. Our results highlight uncontrollable mortality risk's influence on human well-being. Public health efforts should target the experiences and root structural causes of uncontrollable mortality risk, which among economically insecure college students increasingly involves food insecurity.

Criminal Liability for the Act of others in Economic Crimes under Jordanian Legislation

Criminal liability is the cornerstone of criminal policy, grounded on the principles of personal accountability and punishment. Individuals are not held accountable or punished for crimes committed by others. However, in light of significant economic and industrial transformations witnessed globally, including the emergence of economic projects affecting the state's economic center, and the rise of serious economic crimes constituting an assault on public funds, there arises a necessity to expand the criminal responsibility system. This expansion, rooted in the principle of personal accountability, encompasses other individuals to align with these evolving circumstances and reduce economic crimes. The primary question addressed in this research is to establish the legal foundation for penalizing an individual who did not commit the crime themselves. The study concludes the necessity of holding establishment owners accountable for the actions of their subordinates, given their supervisory responsibilities. This concept, known as criminal liability for the acts of others in economic crimes, diverges from the principle of personal criminal responsibility delineated in most criminal laws, including Jordanian law.

Building And Perfecting Digital Government in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: The Necessity and Motivation in Today's Businesses

In the context where digital transformation ranks as one of the foremost priorities for technology businesses in Vietnam, the Vietnamese government also places a special emphasis on digital conversion within the framework of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the synchronized implementation of the National Digital Transformation Program. As a large, modern, and dynamic city, Ho Chi Minh City has swiftly shifted from e-government to digital government, significantly impacting the digital transformation processes of businesses within the city. This presents both a requirement and an opportunity to assert the city's position as a leading center for economics, culture, education, science, and technology in the country. This article endeavors to clarify the necessity, some groundbreaking results, experiences, and requirements imposed on the digital government in driving digital transformation within businesses operating in Ho Chi Minh City today.

Islamic monuments in Azerbaijan in the XVIII-XIX centuries (based on the documents of the Russian State Military History Archive)

The article presents the history of Islamic religious monuments in the territory of Azerbaijan in the 18th and 19th centuries. The presented scientific article includes research on the mosques and religious beliefs of the population in the territory of Azerbaijan in the 18th and 19th centuries based on the documents of the Russian State Military History Archive. From the documents in the archival materials, it is clear that the most of the population are Muslim and Islamic religious monuments are the majority. The article relies on the drawings of the master plans of Azerbaijani cities kept in the funds of the Russian State Military History Archive. It is clear from the archive materials that economic and cultural life in Azerbaijani cities revolved around the mosques, especially the Friday mosques. Thus, the cities were erected not only around the palaces of khans and rulers, but around the Friday mosques, too. Also, at the end of the study, it is possible to come to the conclusion that Juma mosques functioned not only as the religious places of worship, but also as economic, cultural and social centers. In addition, the significance of the study of the documents stored in the Russian State Military History Archive is that it is possible to restore the historical appearance of Friday mosques in the present period from the drawings stored in its funds.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA (IPM) TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN

Java Island provides the largest contribution to national income, so that Java Island has become the economic center in Indonesia. However, unfortunately, areas with high levels of income or economic growth actually contribute to high levels of unemployment. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of economic growth, the Human Development Index (HDI), District/City Minimum Wage (UMK), and population on the unemployment rate on the island of Java in 2017-2021. The research method used is the panel data analysis method with the Fixed Effect Model approach. The results of panel data analysis show that the economic growth variable has a significant and negative effect on the unemployment rate, the HDI has no significant and negative effect on the unemployment rate, the Regency/City Minimum Wage (UMK) variable has a positive and significant effect on the unemployment rate, and population has a significant and significant effect on the unemployment rate. negative on the unemployment rate and together the economic growth variables, Human Development Index (HDI), Regency/City Minimum Wage (UMK) and population have a significant effect on unemployment on the island of Java.

The Analysis of Passenger’s Facilities Level of Service on Jakarta - Bogor Commuter Line’s Stations Using PTV Viswalk

To accommodate the increasing number of passengers of DKI Jakarta which is Indonesia’s economic center, largely relies on public transit, notably rail transportation. Data on volume, density, speed, annual passenger volume, and passenger growth projections for the following ten years are needed to evaluate passenger’s facilities level of service in platform area based on Ministerial Regulation No. 29/PRT/M/2011 concerning the Technical Construction of Railway Stations and the Highway Capacity Manual of 2006. The Level of Service (LOS) is then calculated from the data using PTV Viswalk software, which evaluates passenger traffic and density. The results of the PTV Viswalk software is validated by the Geoffrey E. Havers (GEH) test and the maximum passenger density to determine the Level of Service (LOS). All stations’ service levels lie between LOS C and LOS F with varying space modulus values. A solution for the rise in passengers over a decade is multi-story development.

Time-Space Evolution and Drivers of CO2 Emissions from Land Utilization in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020

One of the key elements influencing carbon emissions is changes in land use, which affects the roles of carbon sources and sinks. We calculated the carbon emissions from land use in Xinjiang, constructed a Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression model (GTWR), and investigated the spatio-temporal evolutionary trajectory and heterogeneity of carbon emissions based on the land use data of three periods from 2000 to 2020 and the socio-economic and energy data of the same period. The results show the following: ① in Xinjiang, the area of water, forests, grasslands, and idle land declined between 2000 and 2020, while the area of construction and agricultural land increased; ② Xinjiang’s land-use-related carbon emissions are rising annually. The primary driver of this expansion is the region’s growing area of construction land; ③ the degree of economic development, the amount of land used for building, and the degree of urbanization are the primary factors influencing carbon emissions in Xinjiang; and ④ In Xinjiang, there is a clear spatial heterogeneity in the factors that influence carbon emissions. Additionally, different influencing factors have different effects on emissions, depending on the region and stage of development, indicating that the level of resources and the region’s economic center of gravity have different effects on emissions.

A study on how to enhance the well-being of young professionals confronting internal overcompetition in China: Prospect of reducing the stress of Nei Juan

In today’s China, internal overcompetition is a serious problem for people’s mental and physical health. It provokes stress and fatigue, physical and mental exhaustion; reduces educational qualifications; makes it difficult to find a job; leads to irregular patterns of overtime work (e.g., “996” and “007”). In China, the scale of this problem is so great that it is considered a separate concept (Nei Juan). Since 2021, it has been a subject to regulation by the government. When considering this problem, it is important to understand its dual nature and strike a balance. On the one hand, sustainable competition stimulates innovation and technological progress, nurtures talent, strengthens the nation’s qualification potential, contributing to China’s emergence as a global economic centre. On the other hand, it leads to effort inflation, which can deprive employees of motivation and lead to their leaving abroad. With this in mind, the article formulates eight research hypotheses and builds two mathematical models. The first model considers this dual nature of internal overcompetition through a complex system of interdependent relationships that mediate its impact on human life as a stimulant (promoting self-discipline, resilience, increased self-esteem and self-confidence) and an inhibitor (relentless race for achievement, loss of joy in life). The second model also takes into account the role of family and encouragement from the immediate environment to reduce stress as a mediating variable. The study was based on a survey of 280 working adults in China aged 20 to 40 with less than six years of work experience. Answers to 14 questions were rated on the 5-point Likert scale. The data were analysed via IBM SPSS Version 26 and SPSS AMOS Version 26. The following statistical methods were used in the study: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, factor analysis, and structural modelling. Data reliability was confirmed using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The sample adequacy was confirmed using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin criterion. Convergent and discriminant validity was also confirmed. Four of eight research hypotheses were proven. Young professionals who previously faced competition in high school and university now face competition in society. To cope with this stress, they seek support from their families and effective organisational support; they find meaning in overcoming competition while making efforts. The study results form the basis for the development of support measures aimed at overcoming internal overcompetition. They provide valuable information on how to navigate the difficult conditions faced by the younger generation.

Optimization of industrial areas for recreational purposes: methods, principles and techniques

The article addresses the viability of industrial cities in the PrydniprovskRegion in the context of the necessity for urban transformations. It examines the current public demands and technological challenges faced by the region's cities as monofunctional economic centers with entrenched and unresolved urban planning conflicts. Using the example of the city of Dnipro, the article analyzes the role of a modern industrial city, emphasizing the need for reorganization of its industrial zones to create a more sustainable and attractive environment for residents' living, work, and leisure. Upon analyzing the recreational aspect at the regional level, it was identified that the main issue of optimizing the recreation and tourism system of the PrydniprovskRegion lies in resolving the conflict between the economic impact of heavy industry and the region's residents' demand for quality and ecological recreation. The work relies on urban scientists' contributions in defining methods and scientific approaches to optimize stagnant industrial territories within the city structure. In the context of developing alternative sectors as new economic opportunities, the study extensively examines the Mixed-Use Development method, which stands out for its effectiveness in integrating various functions into the urban environment, including residential, commercial, office, public spaces, and recreation. Through this method, appropriate strategies were formulated for the development of recreational elements on former industrial territories. The article presents basic principles for organizing the recreation system, and based on them, rational architectural-planning approaches were developed for tourist-recreational formations according to functional types and urban planning levels – from local zones to regional tourism and recreation systems.

A study on time schedules for construction projects in Hanoi, Vietnam

With its position as the capital, Hanoi is the political center as well as the second largest economic center of the country. Therefore, the city is always allocated a large budget in construction investment to create material facilities for political tasks and economic and social development. During the implementation of construction projects, a number of difficulties and limitations have appeared. In which, projects are delayed in construction and disbursement, reducing investment efficiency and not meeting the expectations of the government and people. From this fact, the authors have conducted a study to evaluate the causes affecting the time schedule of construction projects in Hanoi. The method F-APH (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process) was used to analyze data objectively and accurately about the causes affecting the time schedule. From there, these causes are classified into groups of subjective causes (from within the project) and groups of objective causes (from outside the project). The results show that subjective causes, originating from project participants, have a stronger influence than objective causes. A number of specific proposals to the actors involved in construction projects are made to eliminate or limit the impact of the causes of construction progress.

Investigating the spatiotemporal characteristics and medical response during the initial COVID-19 epidemic in six Chinese cities

In the future, novel and highly pathogenic viruses may re-emerge, leading to a surge in healthcare demand. It is essential for urban epidemic control to investigate different cities’ spatiotemporal spread characteristics and medical carrying capacity during the early stages of COVID-19. This study employed textual analysis, mathematical statistics, and spatial analysis methods to examine the situation in six highly affected Chinese cities. The findings reveal that these cities experienced three phases during the initial outbreak of COVID-19: “unknown-origin incubation”, “Wuhan-related outbreak”, and “local exposure outbreak”. Cities with a high number of confirmed cases exhibited a multicore pattern, while those with fewer cases displayed a single-core pattern. The cores were distributed hierarchically in the central built-up areas of cities’ economic, political, or transportation centers. The radii of these cores shrank as the central built-up area’s level decreased, indicating a hierarchical decay and a core–edge structure. It suggests that decentralized built environments (non-clustered economies and populations) are less likely to facilitate large-scale epidemic clusters. Additionally, the deployment of designated hospitals in these cities was consistent with the spatial distribution of the epidemic; however, their carrying capacity requires urgent improvement. Ultimately, the essence of prevention and control is the governance of human activities and the efficient management of limited resources about individuals, places, and materials through leveraging IT and GIS technologies to address supply–demand contradictions.

Life cycle and techno-economic assessment of bioresource production from wastewater

Thermochemical conversion technologies present an opportunity to flip the paradigm of wastewater biosolids management operations from energy-intense and expensive waste management processes into energy-positive and economical resource extraction centers. Herein, we present a uniform “grading framework” to consistently evaluate the environmental and commercial benefits of established and emerging wastewater biosolids management processes from a life cycle and techno-economic perspective. Application of this approach reveals that established wastewater biosolids management practices such as landfilling, land application, incineration, and anaerobic digestion, while commercially viable, offer little environmental benefit. On the other hand, emerging thermochemical bioresource recovery technologies such as hydrothermal liquefaction, gasification, pyrolysis, and torrefaction show potential to provide substantial economic and environmental benefit through the recovery of carbon and nutrients from wastewater biosolids in the form of biofuels, fertilizers, and other high-value products. Some emerging thermochemical technologies have developed beyond pilot scale although their commercial viability remains to be seen.

Pandemic, sanctions and anxiety in Russia’s regions: Business expectations nowcasting

The study develops a methodology of business expectations index nowcasting with testing on data for the Russian economy as a whole and its regions. This methodology differs from the existing solutions in that it introduces a Bayesian averaging approach to define a set of search patterns for nowcasting and solves the issue of aggregation of time series by individual queries. The developed indices have shown a high level of adequacy, serving as effective tools to reflect shock events in the country’s economic and political landscape and also as predictors of fluctuations in survey­based expectation indices. The application of the presented methodology has revealed the factors that affect the volatility of business expectations indices depending on the level of development and sectoral specialization of Russian regions. In particular, financial and economic centers of highly developed regions and developed regions with diversified economy show high volatility, while business expectations indices in less developed agrarian and commodity regions show low volatility. These results can be useful for economic policy decisions and are of interest to researchers concerned with economic stability and forecasting.

A study on the measurement of inter-provincial trade costs in Yangtze River Delta from the perspective of value-added trade and its promotion effect.

This article uses the Novy model improved by value-added trade data to measure the cost of inter-provincial trade in the Yangtze River Delta and, on this basis, uses the differential decomposition method to explore the promoting effect of inter-provincial trade costs on the development of inter-provincial trade in the Yangtze River Delta. The results show that the inter-provincial trade costs of the provinces/municipalities in the Yangtze River Delta have increased and decreased, but the changes are small, and there are significant differences in sectoral and bilateral trade costs; the results of the differential decomposition show that the contribution of inter-provincial trade costs to inter-provincial trade development in the Yangtze River Delta is much lower than that of economic growth. Therefore, the Yangtze River Delta should deepen the division of labor and cooperation, give full play to the radiation and leading role of Shanghai as an economic center, and accelerate the digital innovation transformation of the service industry to reduce inter-provincial trade costs and achieve a higher level of integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta.

Liquefaction potential hazard assessment and its effect on toll road construction in Seyegan Subdistrict, Yogyakarta

Toll road construction is a vital infrastructure connecting the two economic centers on Java Island. However, given the potential disaster risks in the region, it is essential to assess the geological and geotechnical conditions to determine the potential for liquefaction in the area. The special region of Yogyakarta is susceptible to earthquakes and associated disasters. One of the most significant earthquakes occurred on May 27, 2006 with a magnitude of 6.3 Mw resulting from the Opak Fault. Furthermore, the toll road is constructed above the Mataram Irrigation Canal, characterized by a shallow groundwater level and young volcanic deposits that are vulnerable to liquified. The study aimed to determine the potential for liquefaction in the area and predicted the vertical settlement caused by liquified soil. The analysis of liquefaction potential utilized the simplified procedure to obtain factor of safety and Liquefaction Severity Index (LSI) to assess the vulnerability index of liquefaction. Results indicated the research area had a very low to medium liquefaction susceptibility index. In addition, the calculation of vertical settlement using Idriss and Boulanger (2008) equation showed a predicted vertical settlement range of 0.4 cm – 44.64 cm. The predicted vertical settlement range underscores the importance of considering the potential for liquefaction to mitigate any adverse effects on the toll road’s construction and operation.

Impact of Rice Field Conversion on the Availability of Rice in Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province

The availability of agricultural land plays a critical role in addressing the food needs of the population. Population growth has led to the conversion of agricultural land, posing a significant threat to regional food security. Banyumas Regency, strategically located at the intersection of economic growth centers, has experienced substantial land conversion. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the conversion of rice fields and its impact on rice availability in Banyumas Regency. The data utilized in this research comprises secondary data spanning the period from 2012 to 2021. The analytical methods employed include assessing the rate of rice field conversion, evaluating food self-sufficiency levels, and conducting a multiple linear regression analysis to determine the combined influence of population and built-up area on rice field conversion. The results of the analysis reveal that when population and built-up land area are considered together, they account for 28% of land conversion. The conversion of agricultural land into non-rice fields results in a reduction of rice fields, negatively affecting rice availability and the food security of the population.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PEDAGANG DI PASAR TRADISIONAL BADUNG

Traditional markets are one form of market that is still the economic center of society today. Traditional market traders are economic cogs that are important to pay attention to, especially their income. This study aims to analyze the factors that simultaneously and partially influence the income of traders in the Badung traditional market. This research at the Badung Traditional Market, due to a phenomenon indicating intense trader competition. The population with a total sample taken of 90 respondents. Data collection were analyzed using multiple linear regression by distributing questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously market revitalization, capital, working hours and types of merchandise have effect on traders' income. Partially market revitalization, capital, working hours and types of merchandise have effect on traders' income. For traders in Pasar Badung, the results of this research can be used to optimize traders' income. This can be done by supporting market revitalization efforts, traders must optimize their capital and working hours and increase the variety of types of merchandise sold.
 Keywords: market revitalization, capital, working hours, types of merchandise, traders' income

The distribution and mobility of academic talents in the Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Greater Bay Area

AbstractThe Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Greater Bay Area is becoming a new world economic centre, but research on the law of academic talent mobility in the Greater Bay Area is still scarce at present. This study builds an overall analysis framework, introduces the curriculum vitae analysis method, and systematically collects resumes of academics from universities in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao. Through this, we try to find the stock, distribution, study origin and inflow of academic talents in the Greater Bay Area, the internal mobility of academic talents in the Greater Bay Area, and the global mobility network of academic talents in the Greater Bay Area. Academic mobility is a significant topic in higher education research, closely related to higher education's competitiveness and attractiveness. This research is of positive significance for clarifying the basic situation of academic talents in the Greater Bay Area, scientifically carrying out talent planning during the new stage of China's national economic and social development, and scientifically attracting talents based on the law of talent mobility.

ON RELOCATION OF SETTLEMENT AFTER THE CIANJUR EARTHQUAKE AND LANDSLIDE 2022

An Earthquake and landslide occurred in Cianjur, Indonesia, in November 2022. This resulted in a lot of losses, both fatalities and the disappearance of some settlements. Relocation would be obligatory as post-disaster mitigation policies for areas with highest disaster threats. This research was conducted to find its relocation areas. The method used is overlay and scoring by utilizing GIS applications. The used data are rainfall data, slope, geological maps, Cianjur earthquake hazard maps, fault line buffering, and supervised classification of land cover/use maps. Analysis of the results in the form of landslide hazard maps and disaster safety maps. The search for the expected relocation area is carried out by overlaying a disaster-safe map with residential areas, so that a post-disaster residential relocation recommendation map is produced with five classes, namely very good, good, medium, bad, and very bad. An analysis is also carried out for directions for the use of the affected area for the very bad class used as a protected area and no buildings are allowed on it. Bad class is not allowed to live on it, but can be used for social activities, plantations and paddy fields. The moderate vulnerability class can still be used as a residence, economic centre, or other social activities. Meanwhile, the safe and very safe vulnerability classes do not have any land use restrictions.

Establishing a library as an Open Science partner for economic research through impact-oriented public relations work

The article describes how ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics is working to strengthen its perception as a competent partner and promoter of Open Science for its target group of economic researchers. This article describes the challenges, goals and opportunities of impact-oriented communication for libraries using the example of the ZBW. The article describes the path from the challenges and goals of the concrete communication activities and the evaluation of the impact-oriented communication work.