A review on antibiotic use in tilapia farming: Pharmacokinetics, impacts, and potential health risks.

Afforestation or reclamation in great lake basins? An approach to enhance the synergy between food and ecological security

The influence of static magnetic field on the removal of microplastics by bacterial-algal symbiotic system in simulated seawater.

Persistent and toxic organic pollutants containing strong electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) pose a major bottleneck to ecological security and sustainable wastewater treatment. Conventional advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) struggle to degrade these pollutants because EWGs intrinsically inhibit electrophilic attack and electron transfer, whereas advanced reduction processes (ARPs) often yield highly toxic, partially reduced byproducts. While both technologies exhibit suboptimal performance when applied alone, sequential reduction-oxidation coupling (ROC) can fundamentally break through this thermodynamic bottleneck. By utilizing targeted reduction to systematically lower activation barriers, ROC enables the near-complete mineralization of recalcitrant pollutants, offering a highly promising and sustainable approach for water remediation. This review summarizes the electronic properties of EWGs and systematically evaluates recent advances in ROC technologies based on their fundamental reaction configurations. Going beyond a mere mechanistic overview, we propose a universal, descriptor-driven engineering framework to guide ROC system design. It dissects the core synergistic mechanisms, introduces predictive optimization strategies for precise reaction control, and establishes multidimensional techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) benchmarks pivotal for industrial scale-up. Ultimately, this work lays out a roadmap to guide the development of ROC technologies toward a sustainable and carbon-neutral future. Furthermore, the redox coupling paradigm elaborated herein holds promise for extending its utility beyond water treatment, providing foundational guidance for the design of next-generation sequential catalytic systems across diverse environmental and industrial applications.

As a critical area for the ecological security barrier in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Jianghuai Watershed Area holds significant importance in coordinating ecological conservation and economic development through the assessment of its water ecosystem service value (ESV). This study focuses on Chuzhou, a typical city within the Jianghuai Watershed Area, to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of water ESV and analyze the spatiotemporal change of the Consistency between water Ecosystem services and Economy (CEE) from 2000 to 2022 based on remote sensing. Firstly, the water was extracted through normalized snow water index (NSWI) and Otsu threshold method (OTSU). Subsequently, the water ESV dynamic evaluation model was constructed. Using this model, the water ESV in Chuzhou was quantified, and its spatiotemporal distribution characteristics were analyzed. Finally, by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV) between ESV and GDP, the deviation between water ESV and GDP in Chuzhou was obtained. At the same time, the coordination between water ESV and economic development of Chuzhou was obtained by calculating CEE, so as to evaluate the Spatiotemporal coordination and regional differences between them. This study has found that: (1) The water ESV in Chuzhou showed a phased change of "fluctuating decline and subsequent recovery" from 2000 to 2022. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the water ESV exhibits a gradient pattern of "high ESV in the northwest and low ESV in the southeast of the Chuzhou". (3) In terms of ecological and economic coordination, the northwest of the Chuzhou maintain a healthy CEE. However, the southeast of Chuzhou has exacerbated the imbalance in CEE due to the water space occupied by construction land. This study could provide a decision-making basis for formulating ecological priority development strategies in the Jianghuai Watershed Area.

In the context of the interplay between ecology, society, and economy, analyzing the characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution and constructing ecological security patterns have emerged as critical scientific issues that necessitate urgent attention for the advancement of high-quality agricultural development. This study focused on the farmland surrounding the Baiyun Mountain mining area in Nanyang, China, and involved the collection of 437 surface soil samples (0–20 cm) to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of nine heavy metal elements, including Ag, Cu, and Pb. An ecological risk assessment model was developed to evaluate the ecological risks posed by potentially toxic elements in the region, based on the theory of matter element extension. Additionally, the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was employed to analyze the sources of heavy metal pollutants. The results indicated that: (1) The average concentrations of Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo, Sb, Ba, As, and Hg were 0.06, 17.50, 22.72, 66.84, 1.15, 0.85, 426.39, 9.25, and 0.05 mg·kg-1, respectively, with Zn, Mo, and Hg significantly exceeding the soil background values for Henan Province; (2) The ecological risk assessment of potentially toxic elements revealed that 93.82% of the samples were classified as clean, 5.49% as at mild risk, and 0.69% as at severe risk, with Hg identified as the primary ecological risk factor; (3) The primary sources of pollution can be categorized as follows: natural parent material sources (26.1%), mixed sources from transportation and mining development (25.8%), mixed sources resulting from pesticide use and mining emissions (19.8%), atmospheric deposition from fossil fuel combustion (15.1%), and sources from non-metallic mineral mining and building material industry (13.2%). This study provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of soil pollution in farmland located in mining areas.

The main source of plant water in alpine meadows dominated by supra-permafrost water under decreasing rain conditions.

Ecological security pattern construction and network resilience in agro-pastoral transition zones.

Oases on the Tibetan Plateau serve as vital buffers in the arid alpine zone, sustaining ecological security under high-altitude conditions; however, their soil quality remains underexplored. This study addresses the limitations of traditional soil assessment methods-which lack defined thresholds and are poorly adapted to spatial heterogeneity-by applying multifractal analyses to determine risk-screening values and background concentrations for 20 soil elements in the Delingha-Ulan Oasis, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, using 1517 samples. The model was validated by comparing the screening values of six regulated elements (e.g., Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cu, Zn) with the corresponding national standards, enabling robust evaluation of unregulated elements (e.g., B, Ge, Se). Results reveal multifractal patterns, with nine elements (e.g., Cd, I) showing heavy-tailed distribution indicative of localized contamination risks, and Hg, N, and P reflecting subtle anthropogenic impacts from wolfberry farming and pastoral activities. Notably, iodine exhibits extreme enrichment, posing significant ecological threats. This framework fills a critical gap in alpine oasis soil benchmarks, enhancing pollution identification and ecological management in fragile plateau ecosystems. These findings offer a scalable tool for sustainable soil protection in arid, high-altitude regions.

Interaction between organophosphorus nerve agents and algae/cyanobacteria: a review of algal ecotoxicology, biotransformation and application.

Critical thresholds and mediating mechanisms of ecological security in Shenyang based on health-risk-service triadic framework

The invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda poses a potential threat to the ecological security of western Yunnan, using the Gaoligong Mountains as an important cross-border corridor and overwintering site. However, the potential role of gut microbiota in the local adaptation of S. frugiperda during its invasion remains poorly understood. Adult populations were monitored using sex pheromone traps, and metagenomic sequencing was performed on larval gut microbiota from different regions of the Gaoligong Mountains. The gut microbial composition and functional potential were analyzed, with specific focus on the microbial traits potentially associated with host adaptation and invasion. S. frugiperda populations persisted year-round in the Gaoligong Mountains, with adult activity peaking from January to May. Microbial diversity was highest in southern samples. Enterococcus, typically dominant in S. frugiperda, displayed low abundance in the central and northern regions. In contrast, Providencia emerged as the dominant genus specifically at the Pianma site (PM, along the China-Myanmar border), where the gut microbiota exhibited higher abundance of site-specific functional genes compared to other regions. These genes encoded proteins including type 1 subunit membrane proteins and outer membrane-targeting proteins. Additionally, the PM samples showed a higher relative abundance of genes K07345, K07347, and K15125. Functional annotation highlighted a strong potential for vancomycin degradation and an enrichment of diverse antimicrobial resistance-associated genes, with adeL being the most abundant. These findings suggest that the PM area may represent an important gateway or a priority monitoring site for the transboundary invasion of S. frugiperda, underscoring the urgency of strengthening local management of invasive pests.

Preparation and performance evaluation of a novel Tween 80-based microemulsion system for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil using soil washing test.

Soil micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) pollution is becoming increasingly prominent, posing a serious threat to ecological security. However, few studies have examined the remediation of soil MNPs pollution. This study constructed a multidimensional coupled system of soil-microbe interface plants-animals, in order to investigate the pathways and key mechanisms underlying rhizosphere microbiome-mediated inhibition of trophic transfer and toxicity of MNPs. The findings demonstrated that the common root-associated soil microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), exhibit a mitigation effect on the food chain ecological stress of various MNPs in the environment. The mitigation was primarily manifested as a 45.57-56.52% reduction of MNPs concentration in animals and plants (due to changes in the rhizosphere environment and MNPs aging, which inhibit MNPs migration) and a decrease in MNPs binding ability to organisms. Additionally, analysis of molecular regulatory mechanisms showed that AMF mediation improved the substance synthesis and defensive pathways of plants under MNPs stress, and their palatability as food, leading to increased immune regulation and energy metabolism functions in snails consuming AMF-mediated leaves. These findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of green and efficient biological control technologies for soil MNPs pollution.

The construction of ecological security patterns is helpful to maintain regional ecosystem stability and enhance ecological anti-interference ability， which is of great significance to ensure regional ecological security. Ecosystem health， ecosystem services， and ecological sensitivity are included in the evaluation index system， and the "health-service-sensitivity" evaluation framework is constructed. A comprehensive evaluation of the ecosystem is carried out to identify the ecological source in the Yellow River Basin. The ecological resistance surface is generated by combining natural geography and socio-economic factors. The circuit theory is used to identify the key ecological elements. The ecological security pattern is constructed， and the regional ecological protection strategies are proposed. The results showed that： ① From 2000 to 2020， the ecological comprehensive evaluation index of the Yellow River Basin showed an upward trend， and there were obvious spatial differences in the ecosystem status. The comprehensive index of ecosystem in the central and western and southern parts of the basin was relatively high. ② In 2020， the number of ecological sources in the Yellow River Basin reached 119， showing an increase of 23 compared to that in 2000. The spatial distribution showed a trend of discretization， mainly distributed in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve， Weihe River Basin， Fenhe River Basin， and the Qilian mountains. ③ The ecological network structure of the Yellow River Basin was relatively stable. In the past 20 years， 53 corridors have been added， extending to the west of the basin as a whole. The number of ecological pinch points has decreased by 12， and the number of ecological obstacle points has increased by 29. ④ The ecological security optimization strategy of "three zones， three districts， and multiple points" was proposed for the Yellow River Basin to offer a scientific reference for the high-level protection of its ecological environment.

Scientifically promoting ecological protection and restoration is the core task and important guarantee for urban agglomerations to build an ecological security optimization pattern and promote the high-quality development of regional ecological construction. Taking the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration in Guangxi as the object， focusing on the technical route of "ecological security pattern theory + sky-ground integrated monitoring technology，" through the integration and verification of monitoring data， the analysis of morphological spatial pattern， the correction of ecological source with the help of InVEST model， the calculation of ecological connectivity， and the analysis of ecological resistance surface， the extraction of ecological key elements by circuit theory， the accurate identification of key protection and ecological restoration areas in the study area， the construction and optimization of the ecological security pattern， and the analysis of ecological protection and restoration based on the driving factors of targeted restoration strategies were conducted. The results show that： ① The total area of landscape pattern types in the study area was 48 207.72 km2， accounting for 65.70% of the total area of the study area， of which the core area was 36 394.50 km2， accounting for 49.60% of the total area of the study area. A total of 30 ecological sources were screened， covering an area of 2 522.84 km2. The first， second， and third sources were 3， 12， and 15， respectively. ② A total of 67 ecological corridors were extracted， with a total length of 3 318.37 km； a total of 138 ecological pinch points were identified， covering an area of 154.43 km2. A total of 144 ecological obstacle points were identified， covering an area of 603.65 km2. ③ The ecological source， first-class ecological corridor， and ecological pinch point were classified as key protection areas， with an area of 3 619.21 km2. The second-level ecological corridor， the third-level ecological corridor， and the ecological barrier point were classified as ecological restoration areas， with an area of 1 709.27 km2. The area outside the key protection area and ecological restoration area was divided into an ecological control area， with a total area of 68 050.52 km2. ④ Finally， the ecological security optimization pattern of "two screens， four districts， six cores， four corridors， and multiple points" in Guangxi Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration was constructed. ⑤ The research results reveal that the driving factors of ecological protection and restoration in the study area included policy constraints， ecological needs， economic development， scientific and technological support， international implementation， and social coordination. It is suggested to implement the ecological science and technology governance scheme based on multi-disciplinary integration and multi-scale coordination. The research results fully reflect the actual characteristics of ecological protection and construction in the study area. The proposed land space ecological function zoning control scheme and targeted control strategy provide a scientific decision-making basis and practical guidance for the high-quality development of "land and sea coordination" ecological protection and construction in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration of Guangxi.

Clarifying the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services and their spatiotemporal dynamics is a critical scientific issue for constructing ecological security patterns and optimizing multifunctional land use in arid regions. This study， focusing on the Weibei dry plateau region of Shaanxi Province， integrates the InVEST model， geographic detectors， geographically and temporally weighted regression （GTWR） models， XGBoost-SHAP explanation frameworks， and spatial partial correlation analyses， based on five phases of remote sensing and socioeconomic statistical data from 2002 to 2022. It systematically elucidates the dynamic evolution and driving mechanisms of three ecosystem services： water yield （WY）， habitat quality （HQ）， and soil conservation （SC）. The primary findings include： ① Temporal evolution characteristics revealed that WY， HQ， and SC significantly increased during the study period， with increments of 521.87 mm， 0.78， and 275.83 t·km-2， respectively. Spatial differentiation identifies southern Yanan and the hilly areas of Tongchuan as core zones of ecosystem service enhancement. ② Driver mechanism analysis indicated spatial variation in explanatory power among different service drivers. WY was mainly influenced by land use （LULC）， slope （SLOPE）， and annual average precipitation（PRE）. HQ was significantly affected by TMP and normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI）， though this influence was declining. SC consistently responded to slope， displaying a terrain-dominated structure. Furthermore， interactions between driving factors enhanced service responses， notably increasing explanatory power through nonlinear enhancement and temporal shifts. ③ Spatial heterogeneity verification via GTWR modeling demonstrated that the influence of each factor on ecosystem services exhibited spatial heterogeneity and dynamics. ④ Machine learning interpretation using the XGBoost-SHAP model revealed distinct importance rankings of factors across ecosystem services， though no significant temporal differentiation in importance ranking was observed during the study period. ⑤ Trade-offs and synergies showed binary differentiation among ecosystem services. WY and HQ predominantly displayed trade-offs， WY and SC exhibited synergistic relationships， while HQ and SC maintained a balanced spatial pattern of both synergy and trade-off interactions. By coupling multiple models， this study highlights the nonlinear and spatially heterogeneous interactions among ecosystem services in arid regions， providing a quantitative decision-making basis for regional ecological security barriers and precise territorial governance.

Exploring the ecological restoration zoning and diagnosis of the territorial space of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River shoreline in the Chongqing section could provide a scientific basis for regional land space ecological restoration. This study used the "sensitivity-resilience-pressure" （SRP） model to evaluate the ecological vulnerability of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River shoreline in the Chongqing section from 2010 to 2023 and used various methods to construct the ecological security pattern， including morphological spatial pattern analysis （MSPA）， minimum cumulative resistance （MCR） model， circuit theory， and others. Based on the ecological vulnerability assessment and ecological security pattern construction， this study carried out the territorial ecological restoration zoning and proposed diagnostic strategies. ① From 2010 to 2023， the ecological vulnerability index showed an overall upward trend， with moderate and above ecological vulnerable areas accounting for 95.86%. Highly and severely vulnerable areas were primarily concentrated in the main urban area of Chongqing and along the shorelines of the central urban areas of districts and counties. ② The study identified 17 ecological sources totaling 155.10 km2 in area， 25 ecological corridors with a total length of 438.46 km， 12 ecological pinch points concentrated in the shoreline of Chongqing's main urban area， and 39 ecological barriers predominantly located in the shoreline from Yunyang to Fengjie section. ③ There were four categories of ecological restoration zoning， including key protection areas， independent protection areas， key restoration areas， and ecological remediation areas. This paper proposed diagnostic strategies for different zones to provide references for the protection and restoration of ecosystems in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

Exploring the impact of extreme climate on vegetation growth in the Yangtze River Basin is of great significance for ecological security in the basin. Based on NDVI data from 2001 to 2022 and the daily temperature and precipitation data from meteorological stations， 16 extreme climate indices defined by the Expert Group on Climate Change Monitoring and Indicators （ETCCDI） were selected. such as Theil-Sen Median slope estimation， Mann-Kendall significance tests， and correlation analysis were used to investigate the dynamic character of extreme climate indices and their effects on vegetation NDVI. The results indicated that： ① From 2001 to 2022， the frequency of extreme precipitation and extreme high temperature events in the Yangtze River Basin had been increasing， while the frequency of extreme low temperature events had been decreasing； the temperature warming phenomenon in the Yalong River Basin was significant， and the extreme precipitation events in the Taihu Lake Basin showed a significant increasing trend. ② Vegetation NDVI was primarily positively correlated with extreme precipitation indices （excluding CDD） and extreme temperature indices， while it was mainly negatively correlated with extreme low temperature indices and daily temperature difference DTR. Vegetation growth was sensitive to R95P， R99P， RX1DAY， and RX5DAY in the Jialing River and Hanjiang River basins， while it was sensitive to TN10P， TN90P， and DTR in the Poyang Lake， Dongting Lake， and Wujiang River basins. Among extreme climate indices， R95P， R99P， TN10P， and TN90P were the main factors influencing the growth of different vegetation. ③ The influence of extreme climate indices on vegetation NDVI was mainly a cumulative effect. Among them， RX1DAY， RX5DAY， TNN， TXN， TNX， and TXX were mainly cumulative for 1 to 2 months （63.71%-74.27%）. However， TN10P， TX10P， TN90P， TX90P， and DTR were mainly an accumulation of 1 to 3 months （32.31%-56.67%）， and the proportion of other scenarios ranged from 13.48% to 25.24%. Extreme climate indices （except DTR） mainly had a cumulative effect on different vegetation types， and the impact on grassland was particularly obvious. The results are not only of great significance for understanding the response mechanism of vegetation to extreme climate but are also of great reference value for ecological environment protection in the Yangtze River Basin.

Clarifying the characteristics of landscape ecological risks in the Three Parallel Rivers Region is of great significance for promoting high-quality development and strengthening the ecological security barrier in Southwest China. Based on the land use data from 2000 to 2020， a landscape ecological risk assessment system was constructed to explore the spatial-temporal differentiation of landscape ecological risks in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of Northwest Yunnan. Additionally， the Geodetector was used to deeply investigate the driving factors from three dimensions： natural， regional accessibility， and social-economic factors. The findings indicated that： ① Forest and grassland were interspersed and were the main land types in the study area. Forest accounted for over 60%， while grassland made up approximately 26%. The mutual transformation between grassland and forest was the main type of landscape change. Construction land was distributed concentrated in the study area and had expanded significantly. The area growth rate was 245.58% during the past 20 years. Cultivated land， water bodies， and other land uses accounted for a relatively small proportion. ② The overall landscape ecological risk in the study area was at a relatively low level， and the area of low-risk regions accounted for 48.96% in 2020. The proportion of high-risk areas was small， and the high-risk areas were mainly concentrated in the lower reaches of the Nu River， urban centers， and areas with rich tourism resources. The risk level in the study area showed a ring-shaped distribution pattern with high-risk areas at the center and the risk level decreasing gradually from the inside out. ③ From a global perspective， natural factors had a significant driving influence on the landscape ecological risk in the study area. The interaction effects of each factor all exhibited a double-factor enhancement and nonlinear enhancement effect. ④ In the single-factor detection of local areas， the social and economic factors of the urban built-up area had the dominant explanatory power for the landscape ecological risk. The tourism resource-intensive areas and the areas with sudden changes in landscape ecological risk were driven more by natural factors and social economic factors. For the factor interaction detection in local areas， the interaction effect of regional accessibility factors was significantly enhanced. The overall landscape ecological risk in the study area was at a low level， but the high-risk area was continuously expanding. The landscape ecological risk of the entire region was mainly driven by natural factors， while the local areas were driven by socio-economic factors.