Ecological Pressure Index Research Articles

Spatiotemporal evolution of sustainable utilization of water resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt based on an integrated water ecological footprint model

Sustainable utilization of water resources (SUWR) is the basis of water resources management , allocation, and efficient utilization, which is crucial to promoting high-quality development and ensuring a region's water security. Appraising the sustainability of water resources and achieving a healthy regional water balance is a critical and complex problem. This study proposed an integrated water ecological footprint (IWEF) model that considered the water ecosystem service function and characteristics of human water consumption. The water ecological footprint, carrying capacity, water ecological pressure index ( EPI w ), ecological load index ( ELI w ), and eco-economic coordination index ( ECI w ) are developed to examine the level and degree of SUWR. The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is selected as the study area to comprehensively assess the spatiotemporal differentiation and dynamical evolution of SUWR. The results show that the EPI w and ELI w decreased by 50.27% and 64.29% in the YREB from 2011 to 2018, revealing the upward trend of SUWR. In terms of ECI w , the east part of the YREB experienced more strong decoupling states of water resources consumption and socio-economy. In the western part, the ecological safety state, sustainable development conditions of water resources, and the coordinated relationship of water pollution discharge toward economic growth are better than in the middle and eastern part of the YREB. This study helps to understand the complex interrelation between water and socio-economy at different spatial-temporal scales and provides a novel framework that can be used as an evaluation index and policy insights for the sustainability of water resources. • A novel framework is proposed to evaluate the sustainability of water resources. • The ecological footprint method is improved by considering water pollution factors. • Natural and socio-economic features are incorporated into the assessment model. • Assessing the sustainability of water resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. • Water sustainability is improving but the spatiotemporal differentiation is evident.

Exploring the Interactive Coercing Relationship between Urban Rail Transit and the Ecological Environment

The Chinese environment is experiencing the “U-Type” course from sharp deterioration to significant improvement. In order to achieve the fundamental improvement of the ecological environment, China has implemented several relevant policies and strategies. Among them, the development of urban rail transit, as an essential measure to improve the ecological environment in China, has attracted more and more attention, but the research on the interactive coercion relationship between rail transit and the ecological environment is minimal. Therefore, this study selected ten cities opening urban rail transit before 2005 in mainland China as research objects and established an urban rail transit and ecological environment comprehensive evaluation index system. Then, the interactive coercing model and coupling coordination model were used, and the dynamic relationship between urban rail transit and the ecological environment was explored. The research results in this study showed that (1) there is an apparent interactive coercion relationship between urban rail transit and the ecological environment, and the evolution trajectory conforms to a double exponential curve. (2) From 2006 to 2019, Wuhan’s ecological environment pressure index showed a continuous downward trend. The ecological environment improved the fastest. The rest of the cities showed a trend of first rising and then falling. (3) The type of coupling coordination degree of urban rail transit and ecological environment showed a changing coordination trend from severe incoordination—slight to incoordination—basic to coordination—good. Beijing has the highest degree of overall coordinated development in urban rail transit and the ecological environment. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for the realisation of the virtuous circle development of rail transit and the ecological environment.

Revisiting the EKC Hypothesis With Export Diversification and Ecological Footprint Pressure Index for India: A RALS-Fourier Cointegration Test

This study assesses India’s environmental problems by focusing on the ecological footprint pressure index (EFPI), which provides a simultaneous analysis of biocapacity and ecological footprint. In particular, the study examines the impact of export diversification, economic growth, and renewable energy on EFPI under the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for India. To analyze the long-run relationships, the Residual Augmented Ordinary Least Squares (RALS)-Fourier cointegration test is applied to annual data from 1965 to 2014. Contrary to the EKC hypothesis, the results show a U-shaped relationship between income and EFPI. The absence of the EKC hypothesis implies that economic development does not help to ensure environmental quality; hence, other measures are required to minimize irreversible environmental problems. In this regard, the results of the study suggest that renewable energy consumption and export diversification reduce EFPI. Based on the overall findings of the study, it is recommended that the Indian government improve environmental values by changing the export structure and energy mix.

Using Net Primary Productivity to Characterize the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Ecological Footprint for a Resource-Based City, Panzhihua in China

An ecological footprint is a primary indicator in measuring the sustainability of regional development, especially in resource-based cities. Here, we built an ecological footprint-based framework to assess the sustainability for a resource-based city of Panzhihua, in China. In this framework, a suite of long-term ecological parameters (2000–2020), essentially including Net Primary Productivity (NPP), land cover, as well as social statistical data, was used as the input indices of a provincial hectare ecological footprint model. The model outputs are composed of the ecological footprint (EF), ecological footprint per capita (PEF), ecological capacity (EC), ecological capacity per capita (PEC), ecological deficit/surplus (ED/S), and per capita ecological deficit/surplus (PED/S). Then the sustainable development capability of the city was comprehensively evaluated using a suite of ecological indices, including the ecological pressure index (EPI), ecological footprint per ten thousand GDP (EFG), ecological sustainability index (ESI), and ecological coordination index (ECI). The study reveals that, from 2000–2020, (1) PEC and PED/S presented an increasing trend (0.2401 hm2/person and 2.1421 hm2/person, respectively), while PEF decreased by 1.9 hm2/person. In the case of the ecological deficit, fossil energy land and forest were the dominant land types in controlling the ecological footprint and ecological capacity, (2) EPI and EFG decreased by 6.6381 hm2/person and 2.2462 hm2/person, respectively, and ESI and ECI increased by 0.3436 hm2/person and 0.2897 hm2/person, respectively. These indices also reflect that the utilization rate of natural resources in Panzhihua City has been improved, with enhanced sustainability, as well as a decline in ecological pressure. This ecological footprint-based framework could work as a template for evaluating the sustainability of resource-based cities from positive and negative ecological footprint indices.

Impact assessment of waterway development on the socioeconomic conditions and ecosystem in the upper Yangtze River

AbstractThe waterway from Chongqing to Yibin in the upper Yangtze River provides strong support for the socioeconomic development in Western China, while it also has a negative influence on the river ecosystem, such as river fragmentation, wetland disconnectivity, fish habitat, and biodiversity. Accurately characterizing the exploitation, economic efficiency, and ecological pressure of the waterway from Chongqing to Yibin is of great significance for the further development of the upper Yangtze River. In this study, based on statistical data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the waterway development, economic benefits, and ecological pressure of the waterway from Chongqing to Yibin were evaluated. The sustainability index (SI) was introduced to comprehensively assess the sustainability of waterways using the hierarchical model, which integrates the exploitation ratio (ER), economic efficiency index (EEI), and ecological pressure index (EPI). A relatively low ER (41.04%), a low consistency index (CI, 0.31), a high EEI (9037.18 USA$/gha), and a low EPI (0.33) yielded an SI of 0.70, indicating that the waterway from Chongqing to Yibin in the upper Yangtze River is in a sustainable development stage. Compared with the typical global Golden Inland Waterways, the waterway from Chongqing to Yibin still has great development potential under the prioritizing ecological protection.

西北地区三维生态足迹生态安全评价及驱动力分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 西北地区三维生态足迹生态安全评价及驱动力分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202101110109 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51874306）；自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室开放基金课题（SXDJ2019-4） Ecological security evaluation and driving force analysis of three-dimensional ecological footprint in Northwestern China Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51874306)；Fund of Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering，Ministry of Land and Resources(SXDJ2019-4) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:西北地区生态脆弱，进行生态安全评估和驱动力分析具有重要意义。选取土地利用影像和植被净初级生产力产品叠加细化均衡因子和产量因子，利用三维生态足迹改进模型测算和空间刻画西北地区2009-2017年的足迹深度，足迹广度和区域三维生态足迹；然后基于上述结果计算生态压力指数、生态协调系数、生态足迹多样性指数、流量资本占用率和存量资本流量利用比描述生态安全变化；最后用STIRPAT扩展模型结合主成分回归模型分析三维生态足迹演变的主要驱动因素。结果表明：（1）2009-2017年研究区的区域足迹广度总体上呈现为先升后降的趋势，2009年最低为3.116 hm2/人，2016年达到最高为3.796 hm2/人；区域足迹深度研究期内一直上升，从2009年的11.550 hm2/人上涨为19.031 hm2/人；三维生态足迹研究期内也一直增加，由6.006 hm2/人增加为9.760 hm2/人。（2）研究区2009-2017年整体生态安全持续恶化，生态压力不断增大，其中宁夏生态安全形势严峻，新疆和陕西生态环境脆弱，甘肃生态安全程度相对较差，青海生态安全良好；不同地区地类的安全状况基本不同，但共同点为林地最为安全，化石能源用地最不安全。（3）驱动力分析模型表明，研究区经济、社会和技术发展对资本的占用有传导机制。人均GDP、城镇化率和人口是研究区增加生态资本占用的因素，万元GDP能耗是除新疆外共有的缓解资本亏损的因素，经济发展仍依靠消耗资本能源，需加大科技水平投入，提高能源利用效率；产业需要加速转型，完善经济体制，降低对资本的依赖性。 Abstract:The eco-environment is fragile in the Northwestern China. It is of great significance to conduct ecological security evaluation and analysis of driving forces. This study selects land use images and net primary productivity products to refine equivalence factors and yield factors. The improved three-dimensional ecological footprint model is used to calculate footprint size, footprint depth, and three-dimensional ecological footprint of Northwestern China from 2009 to 2017. The footprint size and footprint depth from 2009 to 2017 are spatially visualized. We adopt the ecological pressure index, ecological footprint diversity index, ecological coordination index, occupancy rates of capital flows and use ratios of stock-flows to describe quantitatively changes in ecological security. Finally, the extended STIRPAT model combines with the principal component regression model to analyze the main driving factors that affect the evolution of the three-dimensional ecological footprint. The results showed that:(1) the ecological footprint size from 2009 to 2017 displayed the tendency declining at the beginning and rising up later. The lowest value was 3.116 hm2/cap in 2009, and the highest one in 2016 was 3.796 hm2/cap. The ecological footprint depth has been increasing from 11.550 hm2/cap in 2009 to 19.031 hm2/cap in 2017. The three-dimensional ecological footprint has also been increasing from 6.006 hm2/cap to 9.760 hm2/cap during the study period. (2) From 2009 to 2017, the ecological security of the study area continued to deteriorate. Among them, the ecological security situation in Ningxia was severe, the ecological environment in Xinjiang and Shaanxi was fragile, the ecological security was relatively poor in Gansu, and the ecological security in Qinghai was good. The security status of the productive land types in different regions were different, but the similarity was that forest land was the safest and fossil energy land was the least safety. (3) The driving force analysis model indicated that the economic, social and technological development of the study area had a transmission mechanism for the occupation of capital. Per capita GDP, urbanization rate and population were the factors that increased the occupation of ecological capital. The energy consumption of per 10,000 yuan of GDP was a factor that alleviated capital losses except Xinjiang. Economic development still relied on the consumption of capital and energy. It needed to increase the level of investment in science and technology, improve the energy structure, and increase the efficiency of energy utilization. The industry should accelerate the transformation, improve the economic system, and reduce the dependence on capital. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Assessment of physical quantity and value of natural capital in China since the 21st century based on a modified ecological footprint model

Natural capital accounting is an essential prerequisite for the harmonious development of human beings and nature and benign interactions between economy and environment. Although the ecological footprint has significantly contributed to sustainability evaluation for many years, the traditional ecological footprint model is limited by lack of value accounting, incomplete account content, neglect of multi-functions of land, and geographical spatial heterogeneity. These limitations reduce the universality of this model. To improve the value accounting of the ecological footprint model, this study takes national hectares (nha) as the measurement unit and includes the freshwater and pollution footprints. The dynamic changes of natural capital from 2000 to 2018 were calculated and analyzed in 31 Chinese provinces. The main findings are summarized here. China's physical quantity of ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, and ecological deficit in 2018 was 4.03, 0.79, and −3.24 billion nha, respectively. The energy account contributed most of the physical quantity in the ecological footprint (72.12% of the total). From 2000 to 2018, the physical quantities of the per capita ecological footprint and the per capita ecological deficit increased at 5.49% and 10.08% per annum, respectively, while the physical quantity of the per capita ecological carrying capacity decreased by 0.55% per annum. The physical quantities of the per capita ecological footprint and per capita ecological deficit were spatially distributed, reducing in the order of East > Central > West. The spatial distribution of the physical quantity of the per capita ecological carrying capacity showed the opposite trend. By 2018, China's ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, and ecological deficit were valued at 18.09, 12.44 and CNY −5.65 trillion, respectively. Over the 2000–2018 period, the per capita ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity increased by 495 and CNY 370 per annum, respectively, while the per capita ecological deficit expanded at CNY −125 per annum. The biological account contributed approximately 59.53% of the value quantity of the ecological footprint. Since the twenty-first century, the cumulative effect of excessive consumption has placed increasing pressure on China's ecosystems. On mainland China, only Tibet showed an ecological surplus in 2018. The ecological pressure index decreased in the order of East > Central > West. As Western China has developed extensively and its ecological deficit is rapidly expanding, this region deserves special attention. The most ecologically challenging regions in China are Shanghai, Tianjin, and Beijing. In contrast, Jilin, Qinghai, and Tibet impose low ecological pressure in China. These findings contribute to the standardization and localization of the ecological footprint model in China and provide a reference for regional resource management and ecological construction.

Ecological security assessment of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration based on an adapted ecological footprint model

The acceleration of urbanization and industrialization has led to new ecological security (ES) risks for urban agglomerations in developing countries. The level of ES with the goal of improving adaptive capacity is becoming the basis for space demand regulation and coordinated development of ecological economy. In relation to the actual socio-economic development of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration (GPUA), three sub-accounts covering domestic water, production water and eco-environment water were added to the adapted ecological footprint model to reflect the underestimated water demand in the GPUA. Based on an analysis of the per capita ecological deficit and the dynamic changes in each account in the GPUA from 2005 to 2017, the ecological pressure index and eco-economic coordination index were used to evaluate the ES level of GPUA, and the footprint depth and footprint size were used to evaluate trends in the state of ES. The results show that (1) the GPUA water resource account is the second largest contribution account to the ecological footprint; (2) the GPUA has been at the 6th ES level, “completely unsafe”, since 2005; and (3) based on the three-dimensional ecological footprint, the GPUA needs 4.76 times current area to meet its resource consumption level, indicating that ecological insecurity levels will not improve. Therefore, improving the water resources management system, controlling the sources of atmospheric pollution, and strengthening the zoning of functional lands are recommended. Quantitatively analysing the relationships among the ES level, various resources environmental and economic activities provides a scientific basis for improving the resilience level of urban agglomerations in response to ecological changes.

Analysis of sustainable utilization of water resources based on the improved water resources ecological footprint model: A case study of Hubei Province, China

Sustainable utilization of water resources has become a crucial topic worldwide. Study of the water resources ecological footprint (WEF) has important theoretical and practical significance for the management and optimal allocation of water resources. The current WEF model does not consider the differences between regions because it uses uniform equalization and yield factors. In this study, an improved WEF model is proposed by taking into account the regional characteristics of those two factors and provides results reflecting the consumption and supply of water resources more accurately. Taking Hubei Province, China, as an example, this study calculated the WEF per capita, the water resources ecological carrying capacity (WEC) per capita and the water resources ecological pressure index (WEPI) of each city in 2005, 2010 and 2015, and analysed the spatiotemporal patterns of water utilization. The results from the improved model show that the productive capacity of water resources in Hubei Province is gradually increasing and its pattern changed from a circular pattern with a higher edge and a lower centre to a ladder pattern that is higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest. In addition, the WEF and the WEC per capita show overall upward trends. Due to the differences at different urbanization levels and in the proportions of primary and secondary industries, the water resources pressure is greater in the east Hubei than that in the west. The western canyon region exhibits relatively higher sustainability of the utilization of water resources than the Jianghan Plain.

Ecological Security Assessment Based on Ecological Footprint Approach in Hulunbeir Grassland, China.

Hulunbeir grassland, as a crucial ecological barrier and energy supply base in northwest China, suffers from a fragile ecological environment. Therefore, it is crucially important for Hulunbeir grassland to achieve the sustainable development of its social economies and ecological environments through the evaluation of its ecological security. This paper introduces the indexes of the ecological pressure index (EPI), ecological footprint diversity index (EFDI), and ecological coordination coefficient (ECC) based on the ecological footprint model. Furthermore, the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model was applied to analyze the main driving factors of the change of the ecological footprint. The results showed that: The ecological footprint (EF) per capita of Hulunbeir grassland has nearly doubled in 11 years to 11.04 ha/cap in 2016, while the ecological capacity (EC) per capita was rather low and increased slowly, leading to a continuous increase of per capita ecological deficit (ED) (from 5.7113 ha/cap to 11.0937 ha/cap). Within this, the footprint of fossil energy land and grassland contributed the most to the total EF, and forestland and cropland played the major role in EC. The EPI increased from 0.82 in 2006 to 1.25 in 2016, leading the level of ecological security to increase from level 3 (moderately safe) to level 4 (moderately risky). The indexes of the EFDI and ECC both reached a minimum in 2014 and then began to rise, indicating that Hulunbeir steppe’s ecological environment, as well as its coordination with economy, was considered to be worse in 2014 but then gradually ameliorated. The STIRPAT model indicated that the main factors driving the EF increase were per capita GDP and the proportion of secondary industry, while the decrease of unit GDP energy consumption played an effective role in curbing the continuous growth of the EF. These findings not only have realistic significance in promoting the coordinated development between economy and natural resource utilization under the constraint of fragile environment, but also provide a scientific reference for similar energy-rich ecologically fragile regions.

Has the level of green development in the northwestern provinces of China truly improved? A case study of Shaanxi

Evaluating the actual progress in the green development of China’s northwestern provinces can play a role in encouraging local governments to promote the reform of the ecological civilization system. By improving the “green development indicator system” formulated by the National Development and Reform Commission of China, the green development index (GDI) of Shaanxi Province from 2007 to 2016 was measured and compared with Shaanxi’s ecological footprint (EF) and related indicators. The results showed that (1) the GDI in Shaanxi Province increased from 42.774 in 2007 to 64.971 in 2016, while during the same period, the per capita EF increased from 1.994 ha/cap to 2.719 ha/cap, the ecological deficit increased from 0.782 ha/cap to 1.500 ha/cap, and the ecological pressure index increased from 1.645 to 2.176. These results indicate that the green development of Shaanxi Province is still based on excessive ecological occupation. (2) A comparison between GDI and EF shows that the development of Shaanxi Province has changed from “low GDI, low EF” to “low GDI, high EF” to “high GDI, high EF”. Thus, this study proposes countermeasures to change this trend, such as adjusting the energy structure, reducing carbon emissions, improving environmental capacity, and rigorous managing national land space.

Analysis of the spatial-temporal differences and fairness of the regional energy ecological footprint of the Silk Road Economic Belt (China Section)

Maintaining the spatial equilibrium between the ecological environment and economic growth is the basis for the sustainable development of a region. The energy ecological footprint (EEF) is utilized to characterize the pressure of energy consumption on the ecological environment. The EEF, energy biocapacity (EBC), energy ecological pressure index (EEPI), and energy ecological footprint per 10,000 USD of gross provincial product (EEF per 10,000 USD of GPP) of the 9 provinces along the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) (China Section) from 2005 to 2015 were calculated. The EEF fairness evaluation model was constructed by using the Gini coefficient, the economic contribution coefficient (ECC), and the energy ecological support coefficient (EESC). The results show that the EEF of the 9 provinces along the SREB (China Section) is increasing and has grown faster in the northwestern provinces than the southwestern provinces. However, the EBC has hardly changed, and the difference in energy ecological pressure has gradually increased. The economic contribution and energy ecological support Gini coefficients of the SREB (China Section) ranged from [0.19, 0.25] and [0.30, 0.35], respectively, which were both lower than the “0.4 warning line”, thus indicating that the EEF allocations of the provinces were relatively fair. Among these allocations, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guangxi are provinces that make a high economic contribution and a high energy ecological support contribution. Shaanxi and Chongqing are provinces that make a high economic contribution and a low energy ecological support contribution. Qinghai is a province that makes a low economic contribution and a high energy ecological support contribution. And Xinjiang, Gansu and Ningxia are provinces that make a low economic contribution and low energy ecological support contribution. To this end, appropriate development policies should be proposed for provinces with different economic contributions and energy ecological support capacities, and regional energy cooperation platforms should be established. This strategy will promote the interconnection of energy consumption, improve the fairness of regional energy ecological pressure, and realize the integration of energy and economic development.

Temporal-Spatial Evolution of the Urban Ecological Footprint Based on Net Primary Productivity: A Case Study of Xuzhou Central Area, China

The urbanization process all over the world has caused serious ecological and environmental problems which have recently become a focus for study. Ecological footprint analysis, which is widely used to assess the sustainability of regional development, can quantitatively measure the human occupation of natural capital. In this study, the ecological footprint based on net primary production (EF-NPP) and MODIS data were used to measure the ecological footprint in Xuzhou central area from 2005 to 2014. The results showed that from 2005 to 2014, the per capita ecological footprint increased from 1.06 to 1.17 hm2/person; the per capita ecological capacity decreased from 0.10 to 0.09 hm2/person; the per capita ecological deficit increased from −0.96 to −1.09 hm2/person; and the ecological pressure index increased from 6.87 to 11.97. The composition of the ecological footprint showed that grassland contributed most to the ecological footprint and deficit, and cultivated land contributed most to the ecological capacity. The spatial distribution of the ecological footprint changed significantly, especially in the expansion of the area of lower value. The ecological capacity and deficit changed little. The ecological situation in Xuzhou central area was unbalanced. Based on this study, Xuzhou city was recommended to control the increase of the ecological footprint, improve the ecological capacity and balance the ecological pattern for sustainable development.

Analysis based on water ecological footprint for sustainable utilization of water resources in the Guanzhong Plain, China

Dynamically analysed the sustainable development of water resources in Guanzhong Plain by calculating the water ecological footprint, along with its depth and breadth, the water ecological carrying capacity and the ecological pressure index of each city from 2011 to 2016, and give some suggestions to improve the water use efficiency. The results showed that: (1) The average value about water ecological footprint of the Guanzhong Plain was 8.6558 × 104 hm2 and it was 3.20 about water ecological pressure index. So we could conclude that the water demand exceeds supply and the development of water resources sustainable exploration is low. (2) Affected by climate and rainfall, the water ecological footprint size of the Guanzhong Plain is in a down trend. Compared with other cities, Yangling County gets the lowest. (3) The result that the water ecological footprint depth of the Guanzhong Plain all higher than 1 shows that the water resources do not meet the need of its own requirements, and the sustainable utilization of water resources is low. However, among all the cities in the Guanzhong Plain (Xi’an, Baoji, Weinan, Xianyang, Tongchuan and Yangling County), Baoji has water ecological surplus, its water resources can basically meet the need of human own requirements, and water resources are also sustainable. Here we give some suggestions as follows: Guanzhong Plain can optimize the spatial allocation of water resources by inter-annual water transfer. For example, continue to improve facilities in the Hanjiang to Weihe River Project to meet water demand. Meanwhile, cities should also adjust their industrial structure according to their own water resource and distribution. On the basis of its own regional advantage, develop the economy so as to achieve the water resources sustainable utilization.

Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Analysis of Sustainable Development in China Based on the Footprint Family.

The existing index systems on sustainable evaluation are mostly based on a multi index comprehensive evaluation method. The main disadvantage of this approach is that the selection and assignment of evaluation indexes are greatly influenced by subjective factors, which can result in poor comparability of results. By contrast, the Footprint Family (including ecological footprint, carbon footprint, and water footprint) is not affected by subjective factors. The Footprint Family also covers the basic tenets of sustainable development. This paper proposes use of a sustainable development evaluation index system based on the principle of the Footprint Family, and including the ecological pressure index (EPI), the ecological occupancy index (EOI), the ecological economic coordination index (EECI), the GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emission index (CEI), the water resources stress index (WSI), and the sustainable development index (SDI). Furthermore, a standard for grading the evaluated results based on global benchmarks is formulated. The results of an empirical study in China were the following. The development situation deteriorated from 1990 to 2015. The results showed that the SDI decreased from a medium level (grade 5) to a lower-medium level (grade 4). The results of this empirical study also showed that the method of evaluation can avoid the influence of subjective factors and can be used in the evaluation of sustainable development for various temporal and spatial conditions.

Evaluation and Analysis of Eco-Security in Environmentally Sensitive Areas Using an Emergy Ecological Footprint.

In this paper, the overall ecological and environmental sustainability in the Cing-Jing region in Taiwan is examined. As land use and cover change has been found to be an important analysis method, an emergy ecological footprint model was applied and the eco-security assessed to ensure authorities maintain a balance between ecological preservation and tourism development. While the ecological environment in the Cing-Jing region from 2008 to 2014 was found to be within safe levels, all related indices had increased considerably. A Grey model was used to predict the 2015–2024 ecological carrying capacities, from which it was found that there is expected to be a large increase in per capita ecological footprints (EFs), meaning that in the future there is going to be a larger ecological deficit and a higher ecological pressure index (EFI), with the eco-security predicted to reach a Grade 2 intermediate level in 2022. As the Cing-Jing region is predicted to become ecologically unsustainable, local, regional, and national governments need to implement regulations to strictly control the land use in the Cing-Jing region. This study demonstrated that emergy EF (EEF) theory application can give objective guidance to decision-makers to ensure that recreational non-urban eco-security can be maintained at a safe level.

东北老工业区生态安全动态演变过程及驱动力

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 东北老工业区生态安全动态演变过程及驱动力 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201609101837 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41471116，71303230）；中国科学院青年创新促进会（2016181）；辽宁省自然科学基金（201602743，20170540898）；辽宁省博士科研启动基金（201501037）；四川省社会科学重点研究基地——四川循环经济研究中心项目（XHJJ-1505，XHJJ-1611） Dynamic evolution and driving forces of ecological security in the Traditional Industrial Area of northeastern China Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生态安全与国防安全、经济安全、金融安全等已具有同等重要的战略地位，并成为未来经济社会安全的主要约束。东北老工业区作为我国重要的老工业基地及粮食生产基地，其生态安全状况关系着中国可持续发展战略的实施。采用能值-生态足迹模型，对东北老工业区2000-2014年生态安全动态演变过程进行时间序列的定量分析，并采用主成分分析方法分析其驱动力。结果表明：研究期内，人均能值生态承载力从0.66 hm2/人下降到0.64 hm2/人，人均能值生态足迹由10.58 hm2/人增加到19.85 hm2/人，处于生态赤字状态，且赤字增大趋势明显；生态压力指数与生态安全等级均不断增大，生态安全状况呈恶化趋势，生态安全问题亟待解决，而这是由社会经济、人口状况、资源环境、技术水平及土地利用程度等因素共同驱动的结果。最后，提出了改善东北老工业区生态安全状况的对策建议。 Abstract:Ecological security is as important as national, economic, and financial security and has become the main constraint of future socio-economic security. The Traditional Industrial Area of northeastern China is an important traditional industrial and grain production base of China, and its ecological security is related to the implementation of sustainable development strategies. Based on the emergy-ecological footprint model, the ecological security in Traditional Industrial Area of northeastern China was quantitatively evaluated from 2000 to 2014, followed by a scenario analysis on the driving forces of the ecological security using a principal component analysis method. The results showed that, the value of emergy ecological-capacity per capita decreased from 0.66 to 0.64 hm2/cap, whereas the emergy-ecological footprint increased from 10.58 to 19.85 hm2/cap, which indicated that an ecological deficit existed in the Traditional Industrial Area of northeastern China. The ecological pressure in this area increased, showing an unsustainable development trend from 2000 to 2014. The ecological pressure index and ecological security levels gradually increasing, ecological security situation is deteriorating, ecological security issues to be urgent resolved. The ecological stress tended to be serious as a result of a combination of several factors, such as social, economic, population, resource, environmental, technological level, and land use degree. Finally, effective management strategies and suggestions to improve the ecological security of the Traditional Industrial Area of northeastern China were proposed. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

An emergy-ecological footprint model based evaluation of ecological security at the old industrial area in Northeast China: A case study of Liaoning Province.

Based on the integrated model of emergy-ecological footprint approaches, the ecological security of Liaoning Province, a typical case for the old industrial area, was quantitatively evaluated from 2003 to 2012, followed by a scenario analysis on the development trend of the ecological secu-rity by employing the gray kinetic model. The results showed that, from 2003 to 2012, the value of emergy ecological-capacity per capita in Liaoning Province decreased from 3.13 hm2 to 3.07 hm2, while the emergy-ecological footprint increased from 13.88 hm2 to 21.96 hm2, which indicated that the ecological deficit existed in Liaoning Province and the situation was getting worse. The ecological pressure index increased from 4.43 to 7.16 during the studied period, and the alert level of ecological security changed from light to middle level. According to the development trend, the emergy ecological capacity per capita during 2013-2022 would correspondingly decrease from 3.04 hm2 to 2.98 hm2, while the emergy ecological footprint would increase from 22.72 hm2 to 35.87 hm2, the ecological pressure index would increase from 7.46 to 12.04, and the ecological deficit would keep increasing and the ecological security level would slide into slightly unsafe condition. The alert level of ecological security would turn to be middle or serious, suggesting the problems in ecological safety needed to be solved urgently.

中国县域森林生态安全指数——基于5省15个试点县的经验数据

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 中国县域森林生态安全指数——基于5省15个试点县的经验数据 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201502220376 作者: 作者单位: 北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京林业大学经济管理学院，中南林业科技大学涉外学院,北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京林业大学经济管理学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家林业局2014年林业重大问题调研课题（ZDWT201415）；北京市园林绿化局专项基金（2013HXFWJGXY010）；北京林业大学经济管理学院研究生专项基金（201307） The country forest ecological security index of china: empirical data from fifteen experimental unit countries in five provinces Author: Affiliation: College of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University，College of Swan, Central South University of Forestry and Technology,,(1.College of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生态安全与国防安全、经济安全、金融安全等已具有同等重要的战略地位，并成为未来社会经济安全的主要约束。森林作为陆地生态系统的主体，其安全程度将影响地球的生态平衡，并决定人类社会经济的可持续发展和未来资源的永续利用。基于森林生态系统与人类社会系统交互的内在机理，从森林生态的自身状态（生态状态指数ECI）与人类活动产生的压力（生态压力指数EPI）两个视角全面考量森林生态系统的安全程度，在此基础上提出森林生态安全状态-压力框架模型，最终设计了森林生态安全指数（ESI）的方法体系。为验证森林生态安全指数理论，本研究选取了5省15个县为森林生态安全评价试点县域，对其1999-2013年森林生态安全状况进行评价，以期为县域森林生态安全评价以及在空间和时间维度上的对比研究提供帮助。 Abstract:Ecological security is as important as national security, economic security, and financial security, and it has become the main constraint of future socio-economic security. The security of the forest, as the main part of a terrestrial ecosystem, has a significant influence on ecological balance and determines the sustainability of the social economy of humans and the availability of future resources. Based on the interaction between the forest ecosystem and human society, this paper evaluated the security of the forest ecosystem from two perspectives:the condition of forest ecology (Ecological Condition Index, ECI) and pressure from human activities (Ecological Pressure Index, EPI). We used a forest ecological security state-pressure model, and employed the forest ecological security index (ESI) methodology, to verify ESI theory from fifteen experimental unit countries in five provinces.. The annual forest ecological security index (1999-2003) was evaluated and applied to relevant studies, such as the evaluation of the Country Forest Ecological Security Index, and the comparative analysis of temporal and spatial patterns. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Ecological footprint analysis for urban agglomeration sustainability in the middle stream of the Yangtze River

How to balance ecosystem health and economic development is essential to study sustainability of urban ecosystems. Many methods for assessing urban sustainability have been developed, among which ecological footprint analysis (EFA) has been widely applied as a promising policy and planning tool. This paper proposed a modified EFA with the local ecological footprint being justified by adapting equivalence and yield factors in context of net primary productivity (NPP) from the Miami model. Biodiversity reserves were also incorporated using GIS technology and synthetic assessment of attributes to reflect various ecological functions. In addition, ecological footprint deficit (EFD), implying that the productive land cannot sustain current levels of consumption for a given population, was used to reveal the extent of ecological debt, while the ecological footprint variation index (EFVI) was proposed to describe the tradeoffs between real consumption and the carrying capacity of a specific region. A case study of urban areas in the middle stream of the Yangtze River Basin showed that the per capita EFD of the Wanjiang urban belt, central Poyang Lake urban agglomeration, suburban Poyang Lake urban agglomeration, Wuhan megalopolis, Jingmen–Jingzhou–Yichang urban agglomeration, central Changsha–Zhuzou–Xiangtan urban agglomeration, and suburban Changsha–Zhuzou–Xiangtan urban agglomeration increased by 64.83%, 178.05%, 214.82%, 59.08%, 71.68%, 100.62%, and 91.06% between 2000 and 2010, respectively. The local ecological footprint pressure index (EFPI) was classified into five levels. The Poyang lake urban agglomeration was found to be in a slight deficit, while all others were in a severe deficit in 2010. Calculations of EFVI also revealed that the booming urbanization occurred at great cost to the deteriorating ecosystems between 2000 and 2010. Accordingly, relevant influence factors were investigated using a forward stepwise regression method, which indicated that ecological deficit was positively correlated with GDP, population density, and emission of industrial waste, but negatively correlated with the tertiary industry.