Landscape Ecological Pattern Research Articles

Landscape Ecological Risk Responses to Land Use Change in the Luanhe River Basin, China

Land use change has large effects on natural ecosystems, which is considered to be the main factor in eco-environment change. We analyzed the future characters of land use change by the CLUE-S model and explored landscape ecological risk responses to land use change by the landscape ecological risk index method. Using the Luanhe River Basin as a case study, we simulated future land use change from 2010 to 2030 under 3 scenarios (i.e., trend, high economic growth, and ecological security), and identified the hotspots of land use change. Afterward, we quantitatively investigated the degree of land use development and landscape ecological risk patterns that have occured since 2000 and that are expected to occur until 2030. Results revealed that, under the three scenarios, construction land and forest are expanding mainly at the expense of agriculture land and grassland. The hotspots of land use change are located in the vicinity of Shuangluan and Shuangqiao District of Chengde City in the midstream of the Luanhe River Basin, where urbanization has been strong since 2000 and is projected to continue that way until 2030. During this time period, hotspots of land use development have been gradually transferring from the downstream to the midstream since 2000 and, again, is expected to continue that way until 2030, which will impact the spatial distribution of landscape ecological risk. We found that the landscape ecological risk of the entire basin has shown a negative trend. However, a few areas still have serious ecological risk, which are mainly located in the east of upstream (Duolun County and Weichang County), the middle region (Shuangluan and Shuangqiao District, Chengde County, and Xinglong County), and the downstream (Qinglong County). These can provide key information for land use management, and for helping to prepare future eco-environmental policies in the Luanhe River Basin.

Exploring coupling coordination between urbanization and ecosystem quality (1985–2010): a case study from Lianyungang City, China

Urbanization processes affect the ecosystem through alterations in ecological functions and landscape patterns. Currently, analysis of the total ecosystem services value (ESV) has targeted the overall benefits which human beings obtain from the regional ecosystem but does not generally include information regarding ecological structures and patterns. Therefore, the results cannot reflect the comprehensive state of the local ecosystem. We propose a new, integrative ecosystem quality indicator based on the ESVand landscape metrics for evaluating the quality of the regional ecosystem. We adopted the method of a coupled degree of coordination for evaluating the interrelationship between urbanization and ecosystem quality in Lianyungang City from 1985 to 2010. The coupling degree of coordination between urbanization and ecosystem quality showed an inverse U-shaped curve. At the primary stage of urbanization (1985‒1995), the degree of coupling of urbanization and the ecosystem was just barely balanced. From 1995 until 2000, the coupling system reached a balanced condition, in which the urbanization level increased. Since 2000, the urbanization process has accelerated. The coordination between urbanization and the ecosystem achieved the optimum condition in 2005. A turning point appeared at the same time, and the degree of coupling coordination began falling from the optimum. Subsequently, the coupled system once more entered a barely balanced state. Overall, the comprehensive level of ecosystem quality decreased since 1985 and degraded sharply after 2005, suggesting an overall degradation of the local ecosystem quality.

A new framework to evaluate ecosystem health: a case study in the Wei River basin, China.

Due to the rapid growth of the population and the development of economies in the Guanzhong district, central China, the river ecosystem is gradually deteriorating, which makes it important to assess the aquatic ecosystem health and take measures to restore the damaged ecosystem. An index of catchment ecosystem health has been developed to assist large-scale management of watersheds by providing an integrated measure of ecosystem health, including aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. Most researches focus on aquatic ecosystem or terrestrial ecosystem, but little research integrates both of them to assess the catchment ecosystem health. In this paper, we combine these two aspects into catchment ecosystem health. Ecosystem indicators derived from field samples and modeling are identified to integrate into ecosystem health. These included indicators of ecological landscape pattern (based on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), vegetation cover, dominance index, Shannon's diversity index, Shannon's evenness index, and fragmentation index), hydrology regime (based on 33 hydrological parameters), physical form condition (based on substrate, habitat complexity, velocity/depth regimes, bank stability, channel alteration), water quality (based on electrical conductivity (Cond), dissolved oxygen (DO), NH3_N, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand-permanganate (CODMn)), and biological quality (based on fish abundance). The index of ecosystem health is applied in the Guanzhong district, and the ecosystem health was fair. The ecosystem health in the upstream to Linjiacun (U-L) and Linjiacun to Weijiabao (L-W) reaches was in good situation, while that in Weijiabao to Xianyang (W-X), Xianyang-Weijiabao (X-W), and Weijiabao to Tongguan (W-T) reacheswas in fair situation. There is a trend that the ecosystem health in the upstream was better than that in the downstream. The ecosystem health assessment is expected to play a key role in future water and watershed management of the Wei River basin, or even the Yellow River basin.

Changes in Ecological Landscape Pattern and Land Use from 1985 to 2014 in the Panshet Dam Catchment

The Sahyadri, the northern part of Western Ghats in the state of Maharashtra, India, are one of the most fragile ecosystems on Earth. There are major changes in the original ecosystem and land use in the Sahyadri over the past two centuries. A ground survey was conducted by Ecological Society, Pune in 1985 as well as in 2014 to assess current land use and status of biodiversity in the Panshet dam catchment situated in Sahyadri. This study probes to understand factors responsible for decline of biodiversity and changed land use. We highlight the extent and causes for change in land use. The study attempted to quantify this change by carrying out manual digitization of multispectral WV-2 satellite images by visual interpretation and ground truthing and compare with the study done by Ecological Society in 1985. The mapping of the catchment area shows that areas towards western escarpment i.e. away from the dam wall have retained better vegetation cover while degradation is evident in eastern parts of the catchment. Such studies will be useful for land use planning, understanding cost-benefits of nature conservation, assessing restoration potential, and developing conservation-restoration strategies on a regional scale. We recommend similar vegetation and land use class mappingfor all dam catchments in the Western Ghats.

On the relationship between landscape ecological patterns and water quality across gradient zones of rapid urbanization in coastal China

In order to improve water quality and ecosystems health, the focus of river ecological restoration and water ecosystem-based management needs to reach beyond its usual policy domain by restricting the expansion of urban built-up land and reducing urbanization-related pollution. This study aims to assess the impacts of urbanization on water quality for three spatial urban development zones, i.e. center, inner peri-urban and outer peri-urban of the eastern coastal municipality of Lianyungang, China. We analyze the relationship between urban landscape ecological pattern and water quality in three landscape zones. The study explores this relationship and its policy implications. The results of our analysis are as follow: (1) In the center zone, the landscape pattern metrics, largest patch index (LPI) and total class area (CA) were strongly correlated with water quality parameters, such as CODMn and NH3–N; (2) In the inner peri-urban zone, the number of significant relations of land use pattern metrics and water quality parameters in 2008 was greater than that in 2000 and 2004; (3) land use pattern metrics in the outer peri-urban were less correlated to water quality than in the other zones; (4) the degree of correlation in different spatial zones was in following order: center (2008>2000>2004), inner peri-urban (2008>2000>2004), outer peri-urban (2004>2000=2008). Thus, the relationships between landscape and water quality varies significantly over space due to varying watershed characteristics and pollution sources across space.

基于粒度反推法的景观生态安全格局优化——以海口市秀英区为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于粒度反推法的景观生态安全格局优化——以海口市秀英区为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201402170274 作者: 作者单位: 中南林业科技大学,中南林业科技大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家林业行业公益性项目(201004032);海南省林业厅重点科研项目(LK20118478);湖南省"十二五"重点学科——森林经理学科(034-0014) ; Landscape ecological security pattern optimization based on the granularity inverse method: a case study in Xiuying District, Haikou Author: Affiliation: Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Central South University of Forestry and Technology Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:景观生态安全格局优化是改善生态环境、促进人与自然和谐发展的有效途径。为给海口市秀英区生态环境建设提供科学依据和景观生态安全格局优化方法改进提供参考,提出了粒度反推法和生态阻力面综合构建法,结合GIS技术和最小耗费距离模型探讨了海口市秀英区景观生态安全格局优化途径。结果表明:(1)400m粒度生态景观组分是秀英区生态源地选取的合适参照,秀英区有生态源地18块、生态廊道17条、生态节点11个,新增生态源地建设的参考规模为38.5hm2,生态源地的生态服务极限距离为800m,需将现有的11块非生态景观类型斑块转换为生态景观类型,总面积20.26 hm2。(2)粒度反推法能为生态源地选取提供客观参考,在生态源地选择方面比传统方法具有更强的理论基础和客观性,解决了客观选取生态源地的问题。(3)综合生态阻力面能对生态阻力的实际情况进行较好地模拟。显、隐性生态阻力面之间存在显著差异,能反映生态系统中潜在的生态薄弱点,这些生态薄弱点往往是容易被忽略而又需要重点建设的区域。 Abstract:The Landscape Ecological Security Pattern Optimization Approach (LESPOA) is an effective way of promoting healthier ecosystems and harmonious relationships between people and their surrounding environment. Currently, there are shortcomings to this approach because it lacks objectivity in ecological site selection, and when simulating ecological resistances, it doesn't consider the interactions between these resistances. In order to address these issues, this paper uses the granularity inverse method and the comprehensive construction method of ecological surface resistance, which combines the technology of GIS with a least-cost distance model, to apply the LESPOA in Xiuying district. We aimed to provide a scientific basis for ecological environment construction and a method for improving the LESPOA. The results were: (1) When the granularity of ecological landscape component is 400 m, the ecological landscape component is an appropriate method for selecting ecological sources. According to the above appropriate method, there were 18 ecological sources (8 primary and 10 secondary), 17 ecological corridors, and 11 ecological nodes in Xiuying district. The reference scale of new ecological sources was 38.5 hm2. The maximum ecological service distance for whole ecological source structure was about 800 m. When the distance between different ecological patches is approximately 200 m, we should enhance the ecological connections between them. Currently, there are 11 non-ecological landscape patches (with a total area of 20.26 hm2) in Xiuying district that need to be converted to ecological landscape patch;(2) The granularity inverse method has a stronger theoretical basis and greater objectivity than traditional methods of ecological source selection, and it also can reflects the connective characteristics of landscape pattern. Therefore, the results from this method can supply more accurate references for ecological construction than traditional methods. (3) The comprehensive ecological resistance surface considers the interaction between resistances and thus can better simulate the physical characteristics of ecological resistances than the traditional ecological resistance surface that just considers land use type. There are significant differences between dominant ecological resistance and recessive ecological resistance, which can reflect potential ecological weak points. Most of the ecological weak points in Xiuying district are woodlands that are surrounded by farmland, unused land, and construction land. Although these ecological weak points can easily be neglected, it is important to focus on enhancing the connections between the weak points and ecological sources in order to restore natural ecologic processes. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Research on landscape ecological security pattern in a Eucalyptus introduced region based on biodiversity conservation

Landscape fragmentation and habitat loss are one of the important factors resulting in biodiversity decrease and species extinction. A large amount of Eucalyptus have been introduced into Yunnan Province in China since 2003, replaced the native forest, farmland, wasteland and other ecosystems, leading to natural habitat loss and landscape fragmentation. In order to protect habitat and the biodiversity, the secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest were selected as “protection source”, land cover types, altitude, slope and soil texture were selected as resistance factors, to construct a medium-security and high-security level landscape eco-security patterns for Eucalyptus introduction regions by using the minimum cumulative resistance model and GIS technology. The patterns were composed of the eco-security pattern compositions and ecological function zones. The eco-security pattern compositions were composed of corridor, radiating routes and strategic point etc. The ecological function zones were composed of key eco-protection zone, eco-buffer zone, eco-transition zone, Eucalyptus planting zone, Eucalyptus banned zones, farming zone, living zone etc.

Yunnan Haba Snow Mountain Ecological Safety Evaluation Based on the Landscape Ecological Pattern

Land ecological security research has gradually become concerned field on global. Using on the Haba Snow Mountain as an example try to discuss the evaluation of ecological security based on change of the landscape ecological pattern in the paper. In GIS, RS and GPS support and accordance with the principles of landscape ecology and using new grid map method has been 1993 and 2006 Haba Snow Mountain ecological safety evaluation and space differentiation. There are temperate coniferous forest, grassland, sclerophyll broad-leaved forest, warm coniferous forest, water area, residential land, semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, ice and snow land nine landscape types, and temperate coniferous forest and grassland are dominant landscape in the study area, both area has accounted about 67% of the total area. The results show that from 1993 to 2006 the whole landscape pattern has changed less in the area. Land ecological security level space differentiation is very obvious. Ecological security level high altitude area is superior to low altitude area, the core area is superior to the edge area, north area is superior to the southern area. Land ecological security in the study area whole is in good level. From 1993 to 2006 years land ecological security level has declined in the area. Research on ecological safety planning to provide basis for ecological safety planning and for similar high mountain canyon area also has reference value.

Effects of urbanization expansion on landscape pattern and region ecological risk in Chinese coastal city: a case study of Yantai city.

Applied with remote sensing, GIS, and mathematical statistics, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of urbanization expansion of Yantai city from 1974 to 2009 was studied. Based on landscape pattern metrics and ecological risk index, the landscape ecological risk from the landscape pattern dynamics was evaluated. The results showed that the area of urban land increased by 189.77 km2 with average expansion area of 5.42 km2 y−1 from 1974 to 2009. The urbanization intensity index during 2004–2009 was 3.92 times of that during 1974–1990. The land use types of urban land and farmland changed greatly. The changes of landscape pattern metrics for land use patterns indicated that the intensity of human activities had strengthened gradually in study period. The landscape ecological risk pattern of Yantai city shaped half-round rings along the coastline. The ecological risk index decreased with increase of the distance to the coastline. The ratio of high ecological risk to subhigh ecological risk zones in 2009 was 2.23 times of that in 1990. The significant linear relationship of urbanization intensity index and regional ecological risk indicated that the anthropological economic activities were decisive factors for sustainable development of costal ecological environment.

Analysis of Ecological Landscape Pattern Change in the Poyang Lake Eco-Economic Zone of China

In this paper, based on RS and GIS technology and landscape pattern analysis, the changes of ecological landscape in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone were analyzed from 1990 to 2005. Main results are as follows. There was a decreasing trend of wetland and forest from 1990 to 2005. The result of landscape pattern analysis showed that there was an increase in the degree of fragmentation of ecological landscape in the study area. The increased Perimeter-area fractal dimension indicated the shape of ecological landscape became more and more rules. Aggregation Index (AI) of lake increased from 86.0066 in 1990 to 86.123 in 2005, which showed that the overall aggregation degree of ecological landscape in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone is in rise.

Landscape-ecological patterns of earthworm (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) distribution in the soils of Southern Middle Siberia

The structures of earthworm communities and their distribution in the southern ecosystems of Middle Siberia have been studied at the local (biogenocenotic), topological (facial), and regional landscape levels. Long-term observation data at fixed sites have been used to construct map charts that portray the landscape-ecological patterns for variations in the quantitative characteristics and species compositions of lumbricides, which depend on abiotic factors and the anthropogenic impact.

An integrated multi-criteria scenario evaluation web tool for participatory land-use planning in urbanized areas: The Ecosystem Portfolio Model

Land-use land-cover change is one of the most important and direct drivers of changes in ecosystem functions and services. Given the complexity of the decision-making, there is a need for Internet-based decision support systems with scenario evaluation capabilities to help planners, resource managers and communities visualize, compare and consider trade-offs among the many values at stake in land use planning. This article presents details on an Ecosystem Portfolio Model (EPM) prototype that integrates ecological, socio-economic information and associated values of relevance to decision-makers and stakeholders. The EPM uses a multi-criteria scenario evaluation framework, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis and spatially-explicit land-use/land-cover change-sensitive models to characterize changes in important land-cover related ecosystem values related to ecosystem services and functions, land parcel prices, and community quality-of-life (QoL) metrics. Parameters in the underlying models can be modified through the interface, allowing users in a facilitated group setting to explore simultaneously issues of scientific uncertainty and divergence in the preferences of stakeholders. One application of the South Florida EPM prototype reported in this article shows the modeled changes (which are significant) in aggregate ecological value, landscape patterns and fragmentation, biodiversity potential and ecological restoration potential for current land uses compared to the 2050 land-use scenario. Ongoing refinements to EPM, and future work especially in regard to modifiable sea level rise scenarios are also discussed.

外来树种桉树引种的景观生态安全格局

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 外来树种桉树引种的景观生态安全格局 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201210011366 作者: 作者单位: 云南大学资源环境与地球科学学院,云南国土资源职业学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(40961031);云南省应用基础研究面上项目(2009CD022);云南大学"中青年骨干教师培养计划"项目(XT412003)资助 Landscape ecological security pattern associated with the introduction of exotic tree species Eucalyptus Author: Affiliation: College of Resource Environment and Earth Science, Yunnan University,Yunnan College of Land and Resources Vocational Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以大面积桉树引种区云南省澜沧县为研究区,以自然栖息地和生物多样性的整体保护为目标,利用最小累积阻力模型开展了桉树引种的景观生态安全格局的定量研究。结果表明:(1)基于GIS技术和"成本距离加权"制图分析工具,将生物和景观等综合因素融入最小累积阻力模型,把"源"扩展的生态过程与景观格局结合起来,应用于桉树引种的景观生态安全格局构建中是可行的。(2)选择次生常绿阔林为保护"源",地表覆盖类型、海拔、坡度、土壤质地和公路等为阻力因子,建立最小累计阻力面,识别了廊道、辐射道和战略点等生态安全格局组分;用最小累积阻力阈值划分了生态缓冲区、生态过渡区、生态边缘区、农业耕作区和居民生活区等生态功能区,并界定桉树禁止种植区和桉树可种植区,最终组合成两个方案的中级和高级景观生态安全格局。方案一,中级和高级安全水平的桉树可种植区面积分别占研究区面积的33.48%和19.27%。方案二,中级和高级安全水平的桉树可种植区面积分别占研究区面积的28.37%和15.17%。(3)从"源"的扩展效果、保护广度、管理成本、难易程度及生态环境和经济社会发展要求等方面评价,认为方案二的中级安全水平格局能够相对满足澜沧县对生态、经济发展的要求。研究结果为制定研究区生态安全策略提供参考。 Abstract:With rapid introduction of exotic trees, natural habitat loss and landscape fragmentation were aggravated in mountainous areas. Construction of landscape eco-security pattern can provide feasible option to prevent landscape fragmentation and to protect natural habitats and biodiversity. Since 2003, a large amount of exotic tree species, Eucalyptus has been introduced into Lancang county of Yunnan province. The Eucalyptus replaced the native forest, farmland, wasteland and other ecosystems, leading to serious natural habitat loss, landscape fragmentation and biodiversity threatening. In this paper, the large areas in Lancang County of Yunnan Province, where Eucalyptus have been extensively introduced were selected as the case study sites to examine the landscape eco-security pattern for Eucalyptus introduction by using the minimum cumulative resistance model. The results indicated: (1) it's feasible, based on the GIS and "cost distance weighing" mapping analysis tool, to construct the landscape eco-security pattern of Eucalyptus introduction by integrating the biological factors and landscape factors into minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model and combining the "source" extended ecological process with Landscape pattern. This can be a reference approach to constructing the landscape eco-security pattern for the exotic tree introduction in other areas. (2) the components of ecological security pattern such as corridor, radiating routes and strategic point etc. indentified by the minimum cumulative resistances surface which were derived from the GIS-based and MCR model using land cover types, altitude, slope, soil texture and road etc. as resistance factors can preserve ecosystem functions in Eucalyptus-introduced and affect positively the species migration and diffusion in " protection source", which was secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest in natural habitat in this study. By using the minimum cumulative resistance threshold values, we divided the eco-buffer zone, eco-transition zone, eco-fringe zone, farming zone and residential zone for the landscape eco-security construction. We also defined the banned zone and planting zone for Eucalyptus plantation. The medium-security and high-security landscape eco-security patterns were developed on the basis of minimum cost but maximum ecological and economic benefit for the introduction areas in Eucalyptus plantation. To achieve this goal, there will be two schemes. In the first scheme, medium-security and high-security areas for Eucalyptus plantation account for 33.48% and 19.27% of total study areas. In the second scheme, medium-security and high-security areas for Eucalyptus plantation account for 28.37% and 15.17% of total study areas. (3) the second scheme of medium-security pattern could fit ecological and economic conditions of Lancang County better when compared these two schemes from the expansion effect of "source", protection range, management cost, difficulty level, eco-environment capacity as well as economic and social development. In the second scheme, the large and small patches of protection 'sources' were spaced in-between, and large patches can work well for protecting the species and ecosystems better, small patches could be settled foothold to protect distributed rare species or ecological niches. As the "source" patches were small and concentrated, the fragmentation was relatively low, so the protection and management of the "source" will be less difficult and costly. There were 22 corridors and combined circular, so the connectivity among "sources" was good. There were 6 radiating routes, meaning less opportunity for "sources" expansion. There were many strategic points of native tree species for improving the integrity of the "sources". All these results may provide some useful references for developing eco-security strategies in the study areas. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Using economic, social and ecological spatial patterns to guide policy development in the Pilbara and Southern Rangelands of Western Australia

The pastoral industry in the Pilbara and Southern Rangelands of Western Australia continues to face very difficult economic, social and ecological situations due to decline in terms of trade and ongoing decline in range condition. Land administration by State government for the pastoral industry has a strong focus on environmental and ecological sustainability but these goals have largely not been achieved. Regional planning and incentive-based approaches have either failed or only been partly successful at pastoral lease scale. This paper identifies four broad economic, social and ecological landscape patterns ranging from economic, social and ecological sustainability to failure across all three dimensions. Some lessees are adapting to economic decline by obtaining work off station or diversification in the limited locations where these opportunities are available, in some cases facilitating landscape restoration. Market-based incentives may be effective where economic viability is attainable but lease buy-back may be required where leaseholders are locked into a poverty cycle. Carbon-based income is problematic until governance and economic parameters are resolved. Mapping the economic, social and ecological patterns in the landscape is a basis for policy and special purpose initiatives to resolve the current very difficult economic, social and environmental situation in the Pilbara and Southern Rangelands.

Impact on the Ecological Effect for Different Spatial Resolution Image

In this paper, taken Landsat5/TM and SPOT5 image which was imaging in the close time as data source, the land-use map were obtained, respectively. In order to do some researches about LUCC and ecological effect, soil loss and landscape pattern metrics were selected as ecological index by corresponding counting methods. By analysis and contrast, it showed that soil loss obtained by Landsat5/TM and SPOT5 image has little difference, and the average soil erosion modulus are 181.54 t/(km2•a) and 190.17 t/(km2•a), respectively. The erosion area in different erosion classification does not appear distinct difference. By the landscape pattern metrics value, it showed that the difference of MSI, PAFRAC, CONTAG and SHDI in Landsat5/TM and SPOT5 is only between 0.07 and 0.3, and the difference of LPI and AI was higher than above 3 types of index. But in a word, there were no big difference for all the index.

Landscape Planning Approaches to Sustainable Development

Biodiversity protection, conserving and utilizing natural resources to its maximum is the foundation of contemporary social stability and sustainable development of our modern society and is the trend of landscape planning. Reforming the nature based on the basic theory of ecology, the idea of sustainable development, the methods of landscape planning, in order to create a landscape ecological planning pattern which will not cause pollution and secondary pollution and generate landscape ecological function to the upmost.

A Review of Regional Ecological Security Evaluation

This paper introducts and compares the conceptof ecological security and other related concepts (including ecilogical risk, ecosystem health, ecosystem servers and ecofogical capacity), sums up the review to assess regional ecological security theory frames (including PSR, PSIR,DSR,DPSIR and DPSER) and evaluation methods (including entropy method, principal component analysis, analytic hierarchy process, grey correlation method, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, artificial neural networks, matter-element analysis, ecological footprint, landscape ecological security pattern method and digital ecological security model), compares the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and discussed regional ecological security evaluation method development direction.

Landscape Ecological Pattern Evolution of ShenMu County in Northern Shaanxi Province

In this paper, the evolution characteristics of landscape ecological pattern of Shenmu County are addressed based on the principles and methods of landscape ecology and the spatial analysis of GIS and Fragstats in order to maintain and improve the landscape pattern in this region as well as provide support for planning. Firstly, the typical TM / ETM images in 1989, 2002 and 2006 are pro-processed based on GIS software to analyze the land use / cover change process in Shenmu county, and then the change characteristics of landscape pattern are analyzed by landscape indicators. The results demonstrate that the regional differences among different landscape types enlarge gradually, the landscape fragmentation and heterogeneity increase constantly, and the landscape diversity and evenness decrease over the past years.

Landscape Ecological Pattern Evolution of ShenMu County in Northern Shaanxi Province

In this paper, the evolution characteristics of landscape ecological pattern of Shenmu County are addressed based on the principles and methods of landscape ecology and the spatial analysis of GIS and Fragstats in order to maintain and improve the landscape pattern in this region as well as provide support for planning. Firstly, the typical TM / ETM images in 1989, 2002 and 2006 are pro-processed based on GIS software to analyze the land use / cover change process in Shenmu county, and then the change characteristics of landscape pattern are analyzed by landscape indicators. The results demonstrate that the regional differences among different landscape types enlarge gradually, the landscape fragmentation and heterogeneity increase constantly, and the landscape diversity and evenness decrease over the past years.

矿区生态风险评价研究述评

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 矿区生态风险评价研究述评 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201110191553 作者: 作者单位: 北京大学城市与环境学院,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京大学城市与环境学院,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京大学城市与环境学院,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京大学城市与环境学院,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国土资源部公益性行业科研专项课题(200911015-2) Research progress in ecological risk assessment of mining area Author: Affiliation: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, Peking University,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, Peking University,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:作为世界上矿产资源最丰富的国家之一,我国的矿山开采活动在给经济发展注入强大拉动力的同时,也给矿区生态环境带来了巨大的生态风险。总结前人相关研究,在对比分析了矿区生态风险及其评价与区域生态风险评价异同的基础上,初步明晰矿区生态风险具有风险源的多样性、空间影响边界的模糊性、随空间距离的衰减性及时间累积的延续性等特性。目前矿区生态风险评价的矿区类型过多集中于金属矿区的重金属污染等单项风险,对综合生态风险评价的重视不充分,多基于景观格局、生态环境问题视角,结果多对斑块或生态系统风险评价进行拼接,欠缺基于空间异质性的整体综合;风险度量模型、指标体系法和空间分析法则是较为常用的矿区生态风险评价方法,但在模型模拟方面略显不足。基于现有研究进展,预期矿区独特性的体现、空间格局的关注、"3S"技术的综合应用、生态安全阈值的设定、不确定性表征、基于评价结果的风险规避等将有望成为未来研究的重点。 Abstract:The rich mineral resources along with the active mining industry in China have contributed a lot to the economic boom for the past years. However, it has also posed tremendous ecological risk to the regional socio-economic system and ecosystem. Therefore, researchers have started to evaluate ecological risk for mining areas since the end of 1990s. From ecological risk assessment to regional ecological risk assessment,and then to ecological risk assessment for mining areas, the research paradigm has a significant shift. Traditional ecological risk assessment usually focuses on a simplex stress factor in the single risk source on a special situation, while regional ecological risk assessment, as a branch of ecological risk assessment, emphasizes several stress factors caused by different risk sources. Based on these related conceptions and references of ecological risk assessment, the study first discussed the features of ecological risk assessment for mining areas, such as accumulation effects with increase of spatial distance and temporal evolution, diversity of risk sources, and fuzziness of affected edges, which make the ecological risk assessment for mining areas different from other regional ecological risk assessments. Ecological risk assessment for mining areas should emphasize to express the accumulation and faintness effects with variation in spatial and temporal scale by different risk sources with proper models on the background of the mining areas so as to characterize the possibility of the disadvantageous effects caused by mining industry to ecological and socio-economic systems. After that, the basic methodologies and theories concerning mining and risk types, research perspectives and methods were discussed. The previous researches focused on metal mining and the risk of heavy metal pollution because the Hakanson method was almost mature, and tended to diversify in terms of the types of mining areas, the indexes, the types of risk types. But previous studies ignored to deal with a common comprehensive risk,especially in the coal mining area. Most researchers made ecological risk assessment from the perspective of landscape ecology or ecological problems or both of them, while comprehensiveness of results based on spatial heterogeneity should be considered. As for the methods, risk measurement models, index system methods and spatial analysis have been frequently used. Risk measurement models consider the possibility of ecological risk and the damages caused by ecological risk, such as landscape ecological pattern indexes. But the index systems are mostly large, confusing and subjective, which are also the disadvantages of index system methods. For index system methods, another problem to be dealt with is a kind of appropriate method to determine the weight of each index. The spatial analysis method just uses the spatial analysis functions of RS and GIS to describe the spatial distribution characters of ecological risk and needs to be further researched. So in general there are some flaws in the model simulation of existing researches. After all, the paper concluded the prospects for further study. Considering the deficiencies of former researches and prospective technological developments, researchers should pay more attention to the employment of 3S techniques, the application of methods and theories of landscape ecology, the determination of ecological security threshold, and application of research results in risk management in further studies. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献