Ultra-processed food consumption and eating disorder symptoms: Cross-sectional associations among Brazilian adults.

Comparing the eating attitudes test (EAT -26) and disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) as screening tools for eating disorders among young adults: A population-specific analysis.

Testing whether established risk factors for future eating disorder onset predict future overweight/obesity onset: A prospective study.

Insight and depressive symptoms in eating disorders: the mediating role of disorder-specific psychopathology.

Unravelling the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Eating clean, feeling broken: A qualitative meta-synthesis of the lived experience of orthorexia nervosa.

133. Indicators of mental health in US military-affiliated youth with eating disorders versus those with co-occurring trauma-related diagnoses

Efficacy of brain-based neurofeedback interventions for binge eating: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Persistent neuropathic pain selectively impairs hedonic and motivational aspects of eating: Insights from a mouse model.

Change in self-esteem after weight-loss treatment. Alexithymia as a psychological mechanism.

Increased responsivity to pharmacological manipulations of dopamine D1 receptors in binge eating prone rats.

To investigate eating disorder symptoms before and after family-based behavioral treatment for severe obesity in youth. Eating disorder symptoms were measured pre- and posttreatment in 74 youth (age: 10-18 years; 58% female; mean body mass index standard deviation score [BMI SDS]: 3.11) enrolled in a 17-session treatment for severe obesity. Symptoms were assessed using the Youth-Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (Y-EDE-Q), including a global score and sub-scales for dietary restraint, eating-, weight- and shape concerns. Robust linear mixed models and generalized mixed models were utilized to measure change over time. There was no significant change in global eating disorder score over time (mean (SD) pre 1.82(1.07) and post 1.67(1.08); beta = -0.16, p = 0.69). Before treatment, 20.3% of the youth scored above the clinical cut-off for eating disorder risk (> 2.5) on the Y-EDE-Q, compared to 13.5% after treatment (beta = -0.81, p = 0.25). However, no one received a clinical eating disorder diagnosis at any time point. Before treatment, 4 youth reported ≥ 1 objective binge episode per week, compared to no one post-treatment. A significant reduction in shape concern was observed (beta = -0.29, p = 0.036). No changes were found for dietary restraint, eating- or weight concerns. Global eating disorder- and dietary restraint scores pre-treatment did not predict changes in BMI SDS from pre- to post-treatment. There was no evidence of an increase in eating disorder symptoms in the sample overall during family-based behavioral treatment for severe obesity, and improvements were seen for shape concerns. Level IV: Evidence obtained from multiple time series with intervention.

Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is characterized by an obsessive preoccupation with eating foods perceived as healthy or clean. Despite growing research interest, risk factors and underlying motivations for ON remain poorly understood. This study examined demographic factors, psychological correlates, and dietary motivations associated with ON symptomatology, building on McComb and Mills' (2019) theoretical model. Participants (N = 697) completed validated measures of ON, alongside assessments of demographic factors (age, gender, socioeconomic status, dietary means), psychological variables (perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, perceived control, perceived vulnerability to disease, past eating disorder diagnosis), and dietary motivations (thinness, health, cleanliness, muscularity, feeling mentally well). Three dietary motivations: desires to be thin, healthy, and clean were significantly associated with ON symptoms across both measures. Perfectionism (specifically perfectionistic striving) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (particularly the 'washing' subscale reflecting contamination concerns) emerged as the strongest psychological predictors of ON symptomatology. Demographic variables (age, gender, socioeconomic status) were not associated with ON symptoms, although lower perceived dietary means was associated with higher ON symptomatology. Results were largely replicated using both ON scales. ON appears driven by perfectionist striving and contamination-related obsessive-compulsive symptoms, alongside complex motivations that extend beyond health to also include thinness and cleanliness concerns. These findings suggest that ON represents a convergence of multiple motivational domains and highlights potential targets for intervention, including perfectionism-based and exposure-response prevention approaches adapted from obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders treatments. Level V, based on a descriptive study.

Binge eating disorder (BED) is a highly prevalent mental disorder associated with metabolic complications, reduced functioning, and poor quality of life, resulting in significant disease burden. Disordered decision-making is thought to drive behaviour in BED, but the specific mechanisms underlying this dysfunction remain unclear. This study compared multiple aspects of decision-making between people with BED and higher weight (BED, n = 57), a control group matched by body mass index (BMI) without binge eating (HWC, n = 54), and lower weight controls (LWC, n = 54). We applied profile analyses to cognitive measures capturing three stages of decision-making: preference formation, choice implementation, and feedback processing. Additionally, we examined domains of psychological functioning shown to interact with cognitive mechanisms during decision-making - negative emotionality, maladaptive eating-related tendencies, and impulsive traits. We found generalised decision-making dysfunction in individuals with BED compared to the LWC but not the HWC group. However, BMI did not explain these differences. Poor overall psychological functioning clearly distinguished BED from both control groups, with elevated depressive symptoms and lack of perseverance emerging as key psychological characteristics. By mapping BED profiles across multiple components of decision-making, our findings indicate that domain-general cognitive dysfunction is an important mechanism in BED, alongside more well-recognised psychological features. These findings may further efforts to refine aetiological models of binge eating, providing more holistic and explanatory theories. They may also form a foundation for novel interventions and personalised approaches to treatment.

Autistic people report poorer treatment outcomes for their eating disorder (ED) in comparison to non-autistic peers. Eating disorder focused family therapy (FT-ED) is the leading outpatient intervention for adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of parents of autistic young people who have received FT-ED, and any recommended adaptations to treatment. Parents of an autistic young person who had received FT-ED within the last 3years were invited to take part in interviews. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Twelve parents of autistic young people with AN completed interviews and analysis generated four core themes: (1) Questioning the principles of FT-ED, (2) Navigating the FT-ED process, (3) Parental (dis)empowerment, (4) Adapting FT-ED. This paper is the first exploration of parents of autistic young peoples' experience of FT-ED for AN, and it highlights possible treatment adaptations for this population. It is part of a larger body of work to consider adaptations to FT-ED, with the aim of making ED treatments more effective, accessible and acceptable for autistic young people and their families.

Most men with binge-spectrum eating disorders (BSEDs) never receive psychological treatment for their conditions, and research on BSEDs typically includes disproportionately low numbers of men. Qualitative information is needed to shape the development of messaging strategies to engage this population in both treatment and research. Fifteen men (53% White, 80% heterosexual, age range 26-69) who had never gone to therapy for their BSEDs provided semi-structured qualitative feedback about strategies to engage men like them in psychological treatment for and research about BSEDs. Reflexive thematic analysis identified four key themes: (1) Serious messages convey the seriousness of BSEDs (2). The ideal message would be simple and relatable and persuade men that seeking therapy makes them more manly, not less (3). Men's intersectional identities shape their reasons for not pursuing therapy (4). Men expressed spontaneous excitement about a messaging campaign to raise awareness of disordered eating in men. These findings demonstrate that no single messaging strategy will appeal to all men. Nonetheless, all men expressed enthusiasm for targeted campaigns that promote the entry of more men into psychological treatment for their BSEDs. Researchers and clinicians could use these findings to increase men's uptake of BSED treatment.

Assessment of multimodal inpatient treatment in psychosomatic medicine using patient reported outcomes: A naturalistic and longitudinal data analysis.

Background: Hand-preference has implications for understanding brain organisation. Research has examined neurological and psychological conditions by hand-preference, but the association between hand-preference and eating disorders (ED) has only been explored in small adult samples. Purpose: This study (n = 10,950) explored the association between writing-hand preference and ED symptoms in adolescence, using a nationally representative cohort of children born in the UK in 2000-2002. Methods: At age 14years, the cohort children self-reported hand-preference for writing and ED symptoms (exercise and dieting behaviours and weight dissatisfaction). Results: There was a small association between left-hand preference for writing and weight dissatisfaction after adjustment for confounders including sex, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic and pubertal status, and ethnicity. There was no other difference in ED symptoms by writing-hand preference. Conclusions: The finding suggesting that left-handed adolescents may be more likely to report dissatisfaction with their weight after adjustment for BMI warrants further investigation.

Compulsive exercise is a common behaviour among persons with eating disorders, particularly in those with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). In the current study, we examined psychometric properties of a German version of the eight-item Commitment to Exercise Scale (CES) with a four-point scale response format. Data of N=2424 persons with AN and BN who completed the CES among other measures as part of the routine diagnostic assessment at admission to and discharge from inpatient treatment were analysed based on a preregistered protocol (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Z2RYW). The CES had high internal consistency and a one-factor structure with measurement invariance across age and diagnostic groups. Large correlations with other measures of compulsive exercise supported convergent validity and small-to-moderate correlations with other measures supported divergent validity. Scores on the CES were sensitive to change as they moderately decreased during inpatient treatment, with changes in compulsive exercise being larger in males and persons with AN that in females and persons with BN. The CES has sound psychometric properties in persons with AN and BN. Given its brevity, it may be favoured over lengthier instruments for assessing compulsive exercise in research and clinical practice.

Beyond diagnosis: a network approach to the emotional and control processes involved in the binge eating spectrum disorders.