Easy Perception Research Articles

СОВЕТСКОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО И ДЕТСТВО В 20-30-Е ГГ. В КАЗАХСТАНЕ

The research of childhood history is new and undeveloped course in Kazakhstani humanitarian science. The scientific interest to research the childhood problems is caused by increased attention to children and childhood in modern Kazakh society. Research and evaluation of past experiences in childhood issues can help our modern society to build up the innovative strategy of ideology, institutes, and public policies development that relate to childhood field.After the collapse of USSR the concept of totalitarianism was often used by post soviet historians in explanation of the term of «soviet childhood». Children’s state institutions, pioneer’s organizations, komsomol and family performed as successful laboratories for creating the new social type «Homo Soveticus». Children were the main experimental subjects in a big ideological experiment that was aimed to create the new mechanism of the big totalitarian machine. But the real soviet childhood was much more diverse than it was explained by totalitarian theory. The objective of the article is to analyze the problems of the soviet childhood at the prewar periodthat were composed by political plans and daily habits of children and adults and also the goals of centralgovernances and their activities in Kazakhstan.The article studies the soviet childhood of the Stalinism epoch: development of the ideologies andinstitutes of Soviet state in the field of the childhood in 20th-30th of XX century. Also it shows the implementationof the state policy in relation to children in present period in Kazakhstan and reflects the socialand economical obstacles in objectification of these plans and policies.The ideological and institutional building of soviet model of «happy childhood» was completed in1930th. Constantly and stage by stage every child of every gender, nationality or social class was involvedinto all levels of socialization: kinder gardens and schools that made an ideologically prepared citizen.Materialistic and symbolic spheres of childhood culture such as literature, theatre and cinema was directedto make more fast and easy perception of official social norms, roles and values that were intrudedby communist ideology.

RESEARCH OF GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING E-STUDY MATERIALS

E-study use is increasing; its main content is information for self-education and it is delivered to the user through modern technologies that provide greater opportunities. In order to reach the user, information must be presented in a comprehensible and easy to remember way. The article focuses on the recommended ways of information presentation in e-studies, so that it would be possible to perceive and memorize information more efficiently, it also focuses on technologies that could help in building and analysing ways of presentation. There are analysed several technology products and presented various examples. The authors offer recommendation Guidelines for development and presentation of e-study materials, their assessment and presentation considering user needs and requirements of research, as well as literature study research, and, also, based on the foundations of visual science. The focus for the development of Guidelines was particularly on the visual function importance in the reading and learning process, as clear and stable text perception primarily is provided by near visual functions. In a structured manner, there are recommendations presented for a user-friendly e-study material design - style, size, spacing, position, colour - which should be applied for easy perception with visual processes, thus helping the learning process and facilitating memorization.
 As nowadays there is a growing need for teaching methods and learning environment that is user-oriented, guidance specifics may be different for each of the e-study targeting groups that are divided primarily into three groups: children, adults, and seniors because each group has a different needs, requirements, and visual perception, as well as it is necessary to consider other features of the user which may differ from the standard and affect efficiency of recommendations. This work deals with part of the target group – adults (16-38).

ملاءمة التكاليف الشرعية للمكلف وأوجه الرحمة فيها

The study has examined the concept of religious duties, their characteristics, their purposes, their varying degrees, as well as the aspects of each type of mercy. The researcher has concluded that the religious duties have attributes distinguishing them from other laws and regulations. These attributes aim at creating the deputized person who is capable of achieving the trusteeship entrusted to him, under an integrated approach that concerns his life in all of its aspects, ensuring his inclusion and survival. The aspects of mercy emerged in the easy understanding and perception, and linking the implementation and bearing of religious duties to the capability so as to comply with the formative nature of human being. The form of its implementation changes according to the capability of each duty bearer so that he remains permanently linked to his God, as the spirit of such divine duties are the purpose and intention. As a result, this requires the religious duty bearer to take care the religious and divine duties and perform them as requested by God, taking into account the balance in their performance levels and time, and the status of the duty bearer, as he is the basis of worship and the source of success in the this world and the hereafter. Among the most important things that the duty bearer has to do, especially who is responsible of lawgiving, is the perception and understanding of the rules of jurisprudence, and purposes and objectives of legislation on which the implementation of rules and sentences is dependent, without excess or negligence. So, for those who are responsible of lawgiving, and neglected this approach, he will put people in critical difficulties and awkward which are exempt religiously.

Coherence in Translation: from Reader’s Cognition- With Ulysses as Case Study

Leech and Short suggested that a progressive tendency in fiction is to dispense logical connections between sentences, and to rely on inferred connections, or simply juxtaposition (Leech & Short, 1981). Coincidentally, translators tend to make implicit coherence relations explicit for reader’s easy perception. The two opposite trends provide a perspective on the study of the translation of modern literary works. The question how the tendency of making everything explicit would affect reader’s cognition would be of particular value and interest. This paper aims to study the coherence in the translation of Ulysses from the view of reader’s cognition. The method used is to examine the two existing translations of Ulysses and suggest for improvements.

Neurocognitive moderation of associations between cannabis use and psychoneuroticism

Background: Cannabis use has been associated with neurocognitive impairments and psychopathology. The strength of such associations does however appear to depend on many different factors, such as duration and intensity of use, but also differential susceptibility due to genetic make-up and environmental influences. The present study investigated whether specific cognitive weaknesses moderated associations between cannabis use and psychoneuroticism, which may be considered one of the “softer” expressions of an extended psychosis phenotype. Method: One hundred and fifty (150) young adults (mean age: 24.7 years, SD: 3.7), mostly college students, performed three computerized neuropsychological tasks: a relatively easy social perception task (Face Recognition), a more complex social perception task combining emotion recognition and executive functioning (Matching Facial Emotions), and a more complex task requiring sustained attention and executive functioning (Sustained Attention–Dots). Participants self-reported on the extent to which they experienced psychological problems using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). The SCL-90 total score (psychoneuroticism) was used as dependent variable in analyses of variance. Results: Frequent and current cannabis users performed more poorly than nonusers on the three tasks. They also reported more psychoneuroticism than nonusers whether they were classified according to their lifetime use, their use during the past 12 months, or use during the past 4 weeks. Moderate and former users did not differ from nonusers. Relatively poor performance on the Matching Facial Emotions task, as opposed to performance on the Face Recognition and Sustained Attention tasks, augmented levels of experienced psychoneuroticism among frequent and current cannabis users. Conclusions: Relatively poor cognitive abilities appear to represent increased vulnerability to effects of frequent and current cannabis use on affective mental health, even among highly educated individuals. There seems to be some specificity as to which (combinations of) neurocognitive abilities may be most indicative, as moderating effects were only observed when participants had relatively poor complex social perception ability.

A First Approach to Optimum Design of Cable-Supported Bridges Using Load Path Method

Born as a method to design strut-and-tie models in reinforced concrete structures, the load path method (LPM) shows its effectiveness in the easy perception of the physical behaviour of a structure, from its global behaviour to the most accurate details.In this paper, starting from the interpretation of cable-supported bridge behaviour using LPM, two different approaches are proposed for the shape optimum design of this particular type of bridges.

Abstract No. 227 EE: Feasibility and Usefulness of 3D Roadmap in Vascular Intervention: Clinical Application in Non-Neurological Field

Purpose3D roadmap is a novel technique combining rotational angiography and 2D fluoroscopy, mainly being tried in neurointervention. We applied this technique to non-neurological vascular intervention and evaluated their clinical feasibility and usefulness.Materials and MethodsForty one cases were enrolled, including renal artery angiography (2/41), TACE (22/41), hepatic artery embolization in liver laceration (4/41), uterine artery embolization (5/41), and bronchial artery embolization (8/41). When we conducted the procedures, 3D roadmap was adopted as a choice of imaging guidance tool for microcatheter advancement to target vessels. Clinical feasibility and usefulness were discussed with comparison to conventional roadmap system.Teaching PointsIn 37 procedures, creating 3D roadmap was possible with one time contrast media injection and it was maintained until finishing the procedures. Re-trial was needed in 4 patients due to unwanted patient’s motion and operator’s error. Easier microcatheterization was experienced in 9 TACE, 4 uterine artery embolization and 2 bronchial artery embolization, including easy perception of microvascular anatomy and overcoming image degradation of conventional roadmap image in the patients with poor respiratory control. Application of 3D roadmap to non-neurological vascular intervention is possible. It permits precise and swift approach to the target vessels in the patients with poor respiratory control and complex vascular anatomy. Purpose3D roadmap is a novel technique combining rotational angiography and 2D fluoroscopy, mainly being tried in neurointervention. We applied this technique to non-neurological vascular intervention and evaluated their clinical feasibility and usefulness. 3D roadmap is a novel technique combining rotational angiography and 2D fluoroscopy, mainly being tried in neurointervention. We applied this technique to non-neurological vascular intervention and evaluated their clinical feasibility and usefulness. Materials and MethodsForty one cases were enrolled, including renal artery angiography (2/41), TACE (22/41), hepatic artery embolization in liver laceration (4/41), uterine artery embolization (5/41), and bronchial artery embolization (8/41). When we conducted the procedures, 3D roadmap was adopted as a choice of imaging guidance tool for microcatheter advancement to target vessels. Clinical feasibility and usefulness were discussed with comparison to conventional roadmap system. Forty one cases were enrolled, including renal artery angiography (2/41), TACE (22/41), hepatic artery embolization in liver laceration (4/41), uterine artery embolization (5/41), and bronchial artery embolization (8/41). When we conducted the procedures, 3D roadmap was adopted as a choice of imaging guidance tool for microcatheter advancement to target vessels. Clinical feasibility and usefulness were discussed with comparison to conventional roadmap system. Teaching PointsIn 37 procedures, creating 3D roadmap was possible with one time contrast media injection and it was maintained until finishing the procedures. Re-trial was needed in 4 patients due to unwanted patient’s motion and operator’s error. Easier microcatheterization was experienced in 9 TACE, 4 uterine artery embolization and 2 bronchial artery embolization, including easy perception of microvascular anatomy and overcoming image degradation of conventional roadmap image in the patients with poor respiratory control. Application of 3D roadmap to non-neurological vascular intervention is possible. It permits precise and swift approach to the target vessels in the patients with poor respiratory control and complex vascular anatomy. In 37 procedures, creating 3D roadmap was possible with one time contrast media injection and it was maintained until finishing the procedures. Re-trial was needed in 4 patients due to unwanted patient’s motion and operator’s error. Easier microcatheterization was experienced in 9 TACE, 4 uterine artery embolization and 2 bronchial artery embolization, including easy perception of microvascular anatomy and overcoming image degradation of conventional roadmap image in the patients with poor respiratory control. Application of 3D roadmap to non-neurological vascular intervention is possible. It permits precise and swift approach to the target vessels in the patients with poor respiratory control and complex vascular anatomy.

A New Interactive Visualization System With Force Feedback Device in 3-D Electromagnetics

This paper describes an interactive visualization system with force feedback device in three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetics. We present an extension and improvement of the previously developed two-dimensional (2-D) interactive visualization system used for visualization of various 2-D field distribution maps with arbitrarily movable objects inside the analyzed region. We improve our 2-D visualization system to deal with real 3-D models. Moreover, we knew that perceiving electromagnetic force along with observing various 3-D field distribution maps could significantly help users to better understand the complex electromagnetic phenomenon. Driven by these ideas, we have developed a 3-D interactive visualization system with force feedback device for fast and easy perception of the electromagnetic force and electromagnetic field distribution maps for 3-D models with movable objects.

PDE methods in flow simulation post processing

Vector field visualization is an important topic in scientific visualization. The aim is to graphically represent field data in an intuitively understandable and precise way. Two novel methods are described which enable an easy perception of flow data. The texture transport method especially applies to timedependent velocity fields. Lagrangian coordinates are computed solving the corresponding linear transport equations numerically. Choosing an appropriate texture on the reference frame the coordinate mapping can be applied as a suitable texture mapping. Alternatively, the aligned diffusion methods serves as an appropriate scale space method for the visualization of complicated flow patterns. It is closely related to nonlinear diffusion methods in image analysis where images are smoothed while still retaining and enhancing edges. Here an initial noisy image is smoothed along streamlines, whereas the image is sharpened in the orthogonal direction. The two methods have in common that they are based on a continuous model and discretized only in the final implementational step. Therefore, many important properties are naturally established already in the continuous model.

Anisotropic diffusion in vector field visualization on Euclidean domains and surfaces

Vector field visualization is an important topic in scientific visualization. Its aim is to graphically represent field data on two and three-dimensional domains and on surfaces in an intuitively understandable way. Here, a new approach based on anisotropic nonlinear diffusion is introduced. It enables an easy perception of vector field data and serves as an appropriate scale space method for the visualization of complicated flow pattern. The approach is closely related to nonlinear diffusion methods in image analysis where images are smoothed while still retaining and enhancing edges. Here, an initial noisy image intensity is smoothed along integral lines, whereas the image is sharpened in the orthogonal direction. The method is based on a continuous model and requires the solution of a parabolic PDE problem. It is discretized only in the final implementational step. Therefore, many important qualitative aspects can already be discussed on a continuous level. Applications are shown for flow fields in 2D and 3D, as well as for principal directions of curvature on general triangulated surfaces. Furthermore, the provisions for flow segmentation are outlined.

宇宙用原子炉の概念設計を対象とした統合型設計支援システム

In the process of conceptual design of large and complex engineering systems such as a nuclear power reactor, there must be various human works by several fields of engineers on each stage of design, analysis and evaluation. In this study, we have rearranged the design information to reduce the human workloads and have studied an efficient method to support the conceptual design works by new information technologies. For this purpose, we have developed two design support environments for conceptual design of a space power reactor as a concrete design target. When constructing an integrated design support environment, VINDS, which employs virtual reality (VR) technology, we focused on visualization of physical structure, functional organization and analysis calculation with full usage of easy perception and direct manipulation of VR. On the other hand, when constructing another asynchronous and distributed design support environment, WINDS, which employs WWW technology, we improved the support functions for cooperative design works among various fields of experts. In this paper, the basic concepts, configurations and functions of the design support environments are first described, then the future improvement is surveyed by their intercomparison.

Enhancement of tactile perception in palpation.

We studied tactile perception in palpation of the precordium to determine the frequency response of the hand and to improve, if possible, the sensitivity of the hand as a transducer for precordial movement. The threshold of tactile sensation was determined for 10 subjects by manipulating the amplitude of movement of an impulse generator at each of a series of frequency settings in the subaudible range (1-40 Hz.) Relatively gross movements were necessary to achieve threshold in the lowest frequencies. A more than four-fold increase in sensitivity was obtained by restraining the fingers with the application of a light but unyielding disc to their dorsal surface. Clinical application of this device permitted the easy perception of a systolic thrust as well as a rapid filling wave in normal adult subjects over the right ventricle at the left sternal edge, an area generally considered to be motionless by conventional palpation.

A computerized three-dimensional treatment planning system utilizing interactive colour graphics.

A new computerized radiation treatment planning system has been developed to aid in three-dimensional treatment planning. Using interactive colour graphics in conjunction with a DPD 11/45 computer, the system can take multiple transverse contours and construct a perspective display of the treatment region showing organ surfaces as well as cross-sectional contours. With interactively selected orientations, the display allows easy perception of the relative positioning of the treatment volume and neighbouring anatomy. For external beam treatment planning, interactive computer simulation is used to select diaphragm sizes which best conform to the target area while avoiding sensitive structures. Dose calculations for the selected beams are carried out on multiple transverse planes. The calculational planes and surfaces are displayed in perspective with radiation dosage displayed in an interactively manipulated colour display. Altogether the system provides an easy assessment of the volume to be irradiated, interactive selection of optimal arrangements of treatment fields and a means for visualizing and evaluating the resulting dose distributions.