East Kalimantan Indonesia Research Articles

Identification of Economic Potential in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan-Indonesia

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the economic prospects of Berau Regency in East Kalimantan. This study aims to identify potential areas for further economic development in Berau Regency, to increase the wealth of its citizens. Additionally, it will highlight areas that need to be strengthened to achieve this objective. This study utilized shift share, the location quotient (LQ), and the growth ratio model (GRM) as analytical methods. The main data utilized in this study consisted of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) statistics for East Kalimantan Province and Berau Regency from 2018 to 2022. The GRM study indicated that the transportation and warehousing sector experienced significant development, along with education services, health services, social activities, and other services. On the other hand, the Shift-Share analysis demonstrated positive growth in nearly all sectors within Berau Regency. Based on Location Quotients (LQ) analysis, the most competitive industries in the region include mining and quarrying, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; wholesale and retail trade; car and motorcycle repair; transportation and warehousing; accommodation, food, and beverage provision; educational services; health services and social activities; and other services. This study emphasizes the ability of Berau Regency to effectively utilize its natural resources, particularly in the growing agricultural and tourism sectors. Hence, to advance and stimulate the tourism sector, the Berau Regency administration should contemplate allocating funds for agricultural and tourism development in its regional budget and executing infrastructure improvements. This approach is anticipated to bolster the economic development of Berau Regency while enhancing its residents’ overall quality of life.

Traditional polyculture as a mangrove restoration solution in Delta Mahakam, East Kalimantan Indonesia

The Mahakam Delta is a large mangrove ecosystem in East Kalimantan with a precious ecosystem and a massive mangrove species. Because of the conversion to shrimp aquaculture, the mangrove ecosystem has been devastated. This study looks at shrimp pond management in Salo Palai, Muara Badak, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan, using the traditional polyculture concept to increase pond productivity. The current shrimp pond condition was decreased water quality, substrate infertility, and natural food availability crisis. This model focused on traditional management, with a particular emphasis on pond preparation, polyculture, and used plant extracts. For 100 days, Penaeus monodon, Chanos chanos, Litopenaeus vannamei, Lates calcarifer, Scylla spp., and Gracilaria verrucosa were grown in the same time and pond. The yield from the pond was thrived: 332.14 kg/Ha. This concept can be used to restore mangroves, preserve the mangrove ecosystem, increase shrimp pond production, and protect the sea ecosystem; thus, this method achieves sustainable aquaculture.

Exploring children’s condition of adolescent mothers in East Kalimantan Indonesia: an ethnography study

Exploring children’s condition of adolescent mothers in East Kalimantan Indonesia: an ethnography study

Spiritualitas, Kecemasan, dan Stres selama Pandemi COVID-19

This study aims to examine the effect of spirituality on anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used quantitative method with a spiritual scale measuring instrument and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). There were 452 participants aged 18-55 years reside in East Kalimantan Indonesia, who were recruited through a random sampling technique. This study found that there was a significant effect of spirituality on anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in the people of East Kalimantan Indonesia.

Rural Tourism Development in Jembayan Tengah Village East Kalimantan-Indonesia

Rural areas have actually extremely varied perspectives, each the prospective of natural deposits, social sources of the neighborhood, in addition to innovative sources of the regional neighborhood. The variety of these sources could be industrialized as a country community-based tourist item to enhance the well-being of the community. For this reason, this research was actually carried out towards identity as well as evaluate the current prospective to become utilized as a community-based tourist town item in Jembayan Tengah East Kalimantan Indonesia. The method technique utilized within this particular research study is actually the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. This technique is actually utilized to analyze the concern range associated with elements of establishing traveler town beauty, community centers as well as tourist centers, tourist ease of access, as well as promo, in Jembayan Tengah East Kalimantan Indonesia. The outcomes revealed that the beauty element was actually one of the absolute most focused on elements along with the greatest rack up of 0.564 when compared with various other elements, specifically centers, promo elements, and ease of access. While the requirements that end up being the concern of advancement are actually the requirements for all-organic tourist destinations along with the greatest 0.495 when compared with various other requirements, specifically the requirements for transport centers, tourist centers, as well as promo utilizing digital media.

Study of Local Knowledge on the Practices of Swidden Agriculture to Increase Productivity and Sustainable Land: Case Study on the Kenyah and Bahau Dayak in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

East Kalimantan is facing the massive increase of population in the near future due to the relocation of Indonesian Capital Jakarta Java to East Kalimantan Province. One of the prospective ways to increase the productivity of rice is to improve the agricultural ways of the Indigenous people through implementation of local knowledge so that they could gain benefits from the relocation of Indonesian Capital. The aims of this study were (1) to examine the knowledge and local wisdom of the ‘umabileng’ farming system and the ‘daleh’ system of the Bahau and Dayak Kenyah ethnic groups, (2) to integrate local wisdom and knowledge of the Dayak Kenyah and Bahau ethnic farming systems and science into a more productive and sustainable agricultural concept. Research sites were two villages of indigenous Dayak people in Mahakam Ulu Regency and East Kalimantan Indonesia from March to July 2022. A descriptive qualitative approach was used for data analysis. Research result showed that during the practice of this ways of farming, they have implemented traditional knowledge and wisdoms at every stage, i.e. how to look for fertile land, how to fell big trees to get optimum biomass, the best day to planting, traditional pest control, and the last stage of harvesting including the treatment to have good quality rice for seed (benih/beneq) in the following year. However, the farmer still lacks in some stages of farming which need intervention and integration of agricultural science. For example, farmers still need to be assisted by the treatment of seeds by soaking rice seeds in a salt solution in order to obtain good quality seeds. Another example of how to increase soil fertility was by fertilizing organically, such as liquid organic fertilizer (POC = pupuk organic cair). In order for the daleh and umabileng systems to work, it is necessary to have field agricultural extension that will organize and motivate farmers so that this system can work well.

The Sustainability of Independent Palm Oil Smallholders in Multi-Tier Supply Chains in East Kalimantan Indonesia

The smallholder oil palm farmers (SHFs) manage almost half of the Indonesian oil palm area, often associated with unsustainable oil palm sources. There has been limited research conducted to assess SHFs status in Indonesia. This study analyzed sustainability of existing Multi-tier Supply Chain Management through Rapfish diagnostic application with Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) in oil palm mills, suppliers, and SHFs. This study found triadic typologies of MSCs in the Kutai Kartanegara District and six sustainability dimensions including economic, social, ecology, political, and institution to improve the regional strategy for sustainable palm oil plantations in the East Kalimantan Province. The closed triadic relationship in Gunung Sari and Pulau Pinang Villages has better performances on four sustainability dimensions compare to other villages. The oil palm mills could connect directly with SHFs and reduce asymmetric information and rent-seeking behavior through the traceable land ID system and enabling the Public-Private Partnership program.

Dynamics of Sweden Agriculture and Extension of the Indigenous People Communities in Borneo Kalimantan, Indonesia

Kenyah Dayak is one of 18 Dayak groups of East Kalimantan Indonesia and has the biggest population among them. Since the 1950s, most Kenyah migrated from their native land, Apau Kayan to downstream in different areas into which the monetary economy had infiltrated to different degrees. Infiltration of the monetary economy leads to changes in the importance and practices of Swidden agriculture, so called ladang in Indonesia. The objectives of this study are to assess the dynamics of ladang practices and the agricultural extension among the indigenous Dayak people. Results show the changes in ladang practices including traditional knowledge and the farming calendar, labor allocation for mutual aid systems and reciprocal work, land productivity, livelihood diversity and income sources, and the gender perspective of ladang. Despite influence by the monetary economy, the Kenyah maintain cohesiveness among themselves through traditional forms of ladang work organization. The extent of such cohesiveness has somewhat declined in the new settlement in sub-urban area. Kenyah people in general are quite responsive to changes in livelihoods diversification, but rather late in adopting agricultural technology or extension due to limitation of Agricultural Agents, cultural constraints and old values.

Diversity of Flora as Affected by Time Consequences of Revegetation Age in Post Coal Mine Area at PT Berau Coal Tbk, East Kalimantan Indonesia

This study aims to examine the diversity of flora in various age classes of revegetation of post-mining coal. This research was conducted at PT. Berau Coal, Binungan block, East Kalimantan. Sampling plots were applied on revegetation land of post-mining coal aged 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 years, and natural forest as a control. Flora observations were carried out on sample plots of size 25m x 40m for sapling, poles and trees, while sub-plots 1m x 1m for seedlings and understorey. In natural forests observations were made on sample plots measuring 20m x 20m for trees with sub plot 2m x 2m for uderstorey and seedlings, 5m x 5m for saplings, 10m x 10m for poles. The analysis results show that the highest individual density per ha is found in natural forests (seedlings, saplings and poles). The highest of flora index of diversity, richness and evenness were found in natural forests. The flora from revegetation of eight-year has been able to approach to natural forests conditions. The species of plants that predominate in some revegetation age classes are Rhynchospora corymbose (understorey), Senna siamea (seedling, sapling, pole and tree). Acacia mangium and Macarangan hypleoca grow naturally in some revegetation age.

Adaptation of Pioneer Plant at the Coal Mining Area in East Kalimantan Indonesia

Environment quality decrease is one of the impact of coal mining activities in East Kalimantan. The land becomes barren and critical, making it difficult for plants to grow and adapt, therefore post-mining area needs to be rehabilitated to restore the soil of the land as an important factor in crop cultivation. Before being planted with local trees, the environmental conditions must be suitable for seedlings to be planted. One of the pioneer plants functions is to stabilize the post-mining environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to determine a pioneer species that have a well adapt to the post-coal mining environment in East Kalimantan. This study using completely randomized block design. The plot used a rectangular 30×25 meter plot of 15 plots for five pioneer tree species. Data collected were the plant life percentage, plant height, stem diameter and crown diameter. The study result showed that from the five species of pioneer plants there were three species has an optimal growth they are Alstonia scholaris, Homalanthus populneus and Croton argyratus. Based on the List Significance Difference test 5% level results shows the Alstonia scholaris and Croton argyratus life percentage is not significantly different with Homalanthus populneus, but it is very different from Macaranga gigantea and Trema tomentosa. Homalanthus populneus is the most adaptable pioneer species in the open area, its growing in the open post-mining area and from the forest with has intact condition. The genetic factors really affect the adaptation and growth of pioneer plants in post-mining areas.

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Affected by Time Consequences Revegetation Age in Post Coal Mine Area at PT Berau Coal Tbk, East Kalimantan Indonesia

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is one of the fungi that can be found in almost every ecosystem including post-coal mining land. This study aims to analyze the diversity of AMF in different age of revegetation of post-coal mining land area. Soil samples were collected from six different age of revegetation of post-coal mining area (unrevegetated area, 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 years) and from natural forest as comparison. AMF spore isolation was carried out using wet-sieving method, while spore identification was carried out based on several morphological characters according to INVAM guideline. The results of the observation showed that with increasing of revegetation age will be able to increase the number of AMF populations (R2= 84.96%). The highest AMF population was found at the age of 10 years after revegetation of land with the number of 492 spores per 20 grams soil, while the lowest AMF population was found in unrevegetated area with the number of 12 spores per 20 grams of soil. AMF genera found included Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, and Dentiscutata. Glomus and Acaulospora were the dominant AMF in every land revegetation age (100% of frequency). AMF populations was correlated strongly with soil organic content (r = 0.79).

Measuring Work Fatigue on Nurses: A Comparison between Indonesian Version of Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) and Japanese Industrial Fatigue Ressearch Commite (JIFRC) Fatigue Questionnaire

A Nursing is one type of jobs that is at risk of experiencing fatigue because its workload is quite high. Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) and Japanese Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (JIFRC) fatigue questionnaire are two instruments that are often used to measure work fatigue in various types of work because the ease of use. This study aims to test and compare the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of FAS and JIFRC among nurses in one governmental hospital in East Kalimantan Indonesia. The study was conducted on 170 nurses in one of the Class A Referral Government Hospitals in East Kalimantan. Determination of the study sample using stratification simple random sampling method, the FAS questionnaire obtained from Zuraida & Chie, the JIFRC questionnaire was taken from Tarwaka, the Validity and Reliability test using Pearson Product Moment and Cronbach’s alpha. The JIFRC in Indonesian version has a satisfactory psychometric property with adequate validity and reliability to assess work fatigue in nursing profession. The best Cronbach alpha (0.921) will be obtained if item number 3 and 16 are corrected for the editorial/sentence arrangement

Modeling of Maternal Mortality and Infant Mortality Cases in East Kalimantan using Poisson Regression Approach Based on Local Linear Estimator

The Poisson regression is the popular regression model on the discrete response variables. The regression function in the Poisson regres-sion model can be estimate by using both the parametric and the nonparametric approaches. In this research, we study the Poisson regres-sion by using the nonparametric regression approach based on local linear estimator for modeling the maternal mortality and the infant mor-tality cases in East Kalimantan Indonesia. According to the model, we get that the model works nicely to explain the relationship between the maternal mortality case and the shaman number, and between the infant mortality case and the shaman number in East Kalimantan. Also, we obtain their determination coefficient (R2) values of 0.929094 and 0.9625168, respectively.

Digital Education on Small Island: Maratua Island, Indonesia

Indonesia has thousand islands to be developed. The total number of islands is 17,508. The potential that can be developed on a small island are environment, energy, transportation, education, information, and so on. In this study, focus is development of Maratua island, located in the district of Berau in East Kalimantan Indonesia. The potential of the island is development of marine tourism. In this case, Sustainable Island Development initiatives (SIDI) implemented to address the above challenges through multidisciplinary research activities. This research is starting from the transport sector, health, education, energy and implementation of information technology. In this context, the development of digital education is very important. This research provides solutions to the educational development of practical and suitable for the Maratua Island. This research develops the role of information and communication technology for teaching and learning activities island communities, examines the role of technology as a supplement teaching and learning process. In addition, this research also aims to design a physical architecture and digital education system that can be implemented in small islands in Indonesia, designing a learning method to support the teaching and learning process, and educating stakeholders about the concept of digital education

Short Communication: Identification and evaluation of bioactivity in forest plants used for medicinal purposes by the Kutai community of East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Zarta AR, Ariyani F, Suwinarti W, Kusuma IW, Arung ET. 2018. Short Communication: Identification and evaluation of bioactivity in forest plants used for medicinal purposes by the Kutai community of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 253-259. The Indonesian forest is one of the most species-rich ecosystems in the world. Within such forests are plant species with secondary metabolites that have novel molecular structure and diverse biological activity with excellent potential to be used medicinally in prevention and cure of various diseases afflicting humans. Plant materials often contain various forms of antioxidants. Phenolic compounds found in plants have many biological effects. Flavonoids and other phenolics play a protective role against metabolic damage caused by disease and environmental stressors. The communities of Kutai Kartanegara in East Kalimantan Indonesia are representative of many traditional peoples who have evolved ways of treating human ailment and disease by use of specific plants sourced from their forests. The purpose of the research described in this paper was to identify significant medicinal plant species used by the Kutai ethnic community and to prepare extracts from these plants, mainly from the leaves, and to evaluate the extracts for bioactivity; namely by general identification of secondary metabolites, and by estimation of their antioxidant activity, toxicity, and anti-bacterial activity. Samples of ten plant species, used medicinally by the Kutai community, were extracted using ethanol solvent. Assay of antioxidant activity was carried out by the spectrophotometric method using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) as the control. The degree of toxicity of the extracts was determined by the BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) while anti-bacterial activity was evaluated using an in vitro assay of growth inhibition of cultures of the bacterium Escherichia coli. The result showed that nine of the plant species had strong antioxidant activity (IC50); extracts of two of the species were very toxic, while one other was toxic; and at least eight of the species had extracts that exhibited anti-bacterial activity. The phytochemical compounds identified in several of the ten species included flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids.

Improving Access to Child Health Care in Indonesia Through Community Case Management.

Objectives In order to reduce infant mortality in Indonesia, community case management (CCM) was introduced. CCM is a community-based service delivery model to improve children's wellness and longevity, involving the delivery of lifesaving, curative interventions to address common childhood illnesses, particularly where there are limited facility-based services. This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study that investigated the implementation of CCM in the Kutai Timur district, East Kalimantan Indonesia from the perspective of mothers who received care. Methods Seven mothers and health workers were observed during a consultation and these mothers were interviewed in their home weeks after delivery. Field notes and the interview transcriptions were analysed thematically. Findings Mothers reported that their access to care had improved, along with an increase in their knowledge of infant danger signs and when to seek care. Family compliance with care plans was also found to have improved. Mothers expressed satisfaction with the care provided under the CCM model. The mothers expressed a need for a nurse or midwife to be posted in each village, preferably someone from that village. However two mothers did not wish their children to receive health interventions as they did not believe these to be culturally appropriate. Conclusion CCM is seen by rural Indonesian mothers to be a helpful model of care in terms of increasing access to health care and the uptake of lifesaving interventions for sick children. However there is a need to modify the program to demonstrate cultural sensitivity and meet cultural needs of the target population. While CCM is a potentially effective model of care, further integrative strategies are required to embed this model into maternal and child health service delivery.

Relationship Between Motivation and Organizational Commitment among Scout Volunteers in East Kalimantan

Numerous studies have been concerned on organizational commitment among profit worker oppositely organizational commitment’s studies which focused on nonprofit worker tend to be lack. Nonprofit employee generally recruit and involve volunteer to run their program. Several nonprofit organizations’ program is related to non-formal education. For that matter, this study was conducted to evaluate volunteer involvement which especially concern on non-formal education. The objective of this study is to examine relationship between motivation and organizational commitment among volunteer scout as well as find the best predictor affecting organizational commitment. This study used volunteer scout organization since this organization run within non-formal education area. The research used quantitative study to analyze the data. The instrument that has been utilized to collect the data was self administered questionnaire. The data was analyzed descriptively as well as inferentially. The questionnaire was divided into several parts: demographic, Volunteer Function Inventory (VFI), and Organizational commitment (OCQ). The data collection was taken in Samarinda city which located in East Kalimantan-Indonesia. The questionnaire was administered to 207 participants from scout movement center organization. The sample was taken by using random sampling technique and using Scout volunteer in Scout Center-Samarinda as the subject. Finally, the finding of the study revealed that overall motivation as well as the dimension was positively correlated to organizational commitment. Meanwhile, understanding dimension was considered become the best predictor affecting organizational commitment among volunteer scout in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Several implications were emerged from non-formal education view as well as nonprofit area.

The Potential of Tiger Prawn Fry from Delta Mahakam, East Kalimantan Indonesia

Most of the life cycle of tiger prawns were estuarine (Delta Mahakam). In the juvenile stage life in estuarine and the adult stage in marine. The research objective is to assess the potential of the tiger prawn fry catches in the Mahakam Delta, as a source of tiger prawn fry in the Mahakam Delta area farms. Research using interviews and descriptive analysis through monitoring with fishermen. The results showed that the fry tiger prawn from the Delta Mahakam there on the beaches or the edge of the sea where the water is shallow and slightly brackish, as in the Delta Mahakam. Fry can be captured by using rumpon. Tiger prawns fry from Delta Mahakam durability is relatively higher than fry from the hatchery. However, the number and continuity of fry very limited because it depends on the season. Abundance of fry is determined by the number of larvae produced in the wild and their survival is greatly influenced by the availability of food. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.6.1.43-46 [How to cite this article: Suroso, B., Hutabarat, J., and Afiati, N. (2013). The Potential of Tiger Prawn Fry from Delta Mahakam, East Kalimantan Indonesia, International Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(1),43-46. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.6.1.43-46

Cultivation Practices and Knowledge of Local Rice Varieties among Benuaq Farmers in Muara Lawa District West Kutai, East Kalimantan-Indonesia

This research aim to study how Benuaq society around Muara Lawa District, manage agriculture system and internal knowledge about rice varieties. This research use ethnobotanical approach: collecting ethnobotanical data of rice varieties and traditional system of swidden cultivation. Data was obtained by using direct participatory technique by interviewing the people (key informants) about their practice and perception. The interviews were unstructured open-ended discussion onknowledge and farming activities including about diversity in rice varieties. Subsequently, quantitative data from questionnaires was combined with depth-interview data from key informants. The Benuaq indigenous systems, practices, and cultivation preferences held by the Benuaq are guarded toward maintaining their rice diversity. The Benuaq systems of upland rice cultivation, site selection for umaq establishment, plant species for fertility indicator, and cultivation of wide ranges of upland rice varieties indicate their sophisticate knowledge in agriculture. Unfortunately there has been degradation in the indigenous knowledge among the young Benuaqs.Key words: Benuaq, ethnobotanical, indigenous, upland rice.

Between state and society: Local governance of forests in Malinau, Indonesia

Decentralization in post-Soeharto Indonesia has not only changed state and society relations at the local level, but brought increased control over forests at the district level. Local social forces gained more influence because of their close relations with local government and acted to limit the local government. In this article we use the case of Malinau, East Kalimantan Indonesia to show how the new local autonomy over forests played a role in the rise of new local political orders.