East Godavari District Research Articles

Antidote Mastery: A Survey of Antidote Knowledge and Availability among Physicians in a South Indian District

The exact frequency of poisoning is unclear, although it is the most prevalent cause of emergency room visits. It is a critical domain for emergency medicine practitioners, who are the first to see people who have been exposed to toxic substances. As a result, they must be aware of how to manage the poisoning. So, a survey was designed to identify their knowledge on antidotes for common poisonings, along with queries on antidotes and decontamination measures available within each hospital. A total of 232 people replied to the poll (77.33 % response rate). In general, data of antidotes are not found higher but differed based upon the antidote. Physicians who work in tertiary hospitals and more bedded hospitals appreciably served well. Merely 42.24 % of the 16 antidotes are accessible at each reporting hospitals on average; 18.1 % could acquire them from adjacent hospitals and 20.26 % could acquire them from a local distributor. Only 19.4 % of people can acquire an antidote within 2 h. The most common decontamination therapy is gastric lavage, while extracorporeal decontamination procedures 42.24 % and 36.64 % respectively are available in varying degrees. Knowledge of specific antidotes was shown to be connected to the size, type and location of the hospital in the East Godavari district, rather than individual physician characteristics. In roughly half of the hospitals assessed, significant antidotes are still unavailable or available within 2 h, even though all key acute decontamination therapies and procedures appear to be widely used.

Clinical Epidemiology and Predictors of Outcome in Chlorpyrifos Poisoning in Farming and Allied Agricultural Workers in East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh.

Background:Chlorpyrifos is the ninth most consumed pesticide for agricultural purposes in India. It is a chlorinated organophosphate that also causes poisoning in non-target species such as humans. There is a scarcity of published literature on chlorpyrifos intoxication in the Indian scenario.Objective:The objective of the study was to find out the clinical epidemiology and factors influencing the outcome of chlorpyrifos poisoning in the farming and allied agricultural workers.Methodology:The patient record-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 40 confirmed cases of chlorpyrifos poisoning in a tertiary care teaching hospital in East Godavari district, a predominantly agrarian region in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Clinic-demographic profile, aspects of poisoning, outcome in terms of recovery, death, ventilator support were obtained. Mortality or requirement of ventilator support was classified as a bad outcome. Carlsons’ Co-morbidity Index, Poison Severity Score, and Glasgow Coma Scale score at the time of admission were assessed objectively. The strength of association between the predictor variables and the outcome was represented using the odds ratio. Statistical analysis was performed using Graph Pad Prism 8.0 trial version.Results:Chlorpyrifos poisoning constituted about 10% of pesticide poisoning and 25% of such cases had a poor outcome. The mean age was 44.73 ± 10.76 years, the majority being farmers. Younger age (<40 years), early reporting to hospital, Carlsons’ Co-morbidity Index of less than 8, Glasgow Coma Scale score of more than 12, and Poison severity score of less than 2 were significantly associated with favorable outcome (P < 0.005). During admission, 60% of cases had a plasma pseudocholinesterase level of less than 1000 U/L. Lower plasma pseudocholinesterase was associated with a poor outcome (OR 9.62 CI 4.05-22.84).Conclusions:Farmers and allied agricultural workers are susceptible to chlorpyrifos intoxication. Along with clinical and laboratory parameters, Carlsons’ Co-morbidity Index, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and Poison severity score at the time of admission are seen as reliable predictors of outcome.

Re-Engineering of the Public Libraries in Central Coastal Districts of Andhra Pradesh

The objective of this study is to find the status of ICT technologies in the Central coastal district central libraries, modify traditional services to digital services using internet technologies, re-engineer the library collection development, and transform the conventional libraries into digital libraries by using the digital resources. Collected data through structured questionnaire and, distributed to the user community in the district central libraries in the Krishna, West, and East Godavari district central libraries in December 2020 and January 2021 respectively. Data was collected through Interviews, Observations in the library and a structured questionnaire.The total number of a questionnaire distributed was 300 and 271respondented responded with a percentage of 90.33%.Found the results were analysed using Microsoft Excel and are mentioned in the tables and pictorial presentation in the Analysis and data interpretation chapter. Re-Engineering functionally seems to be like re-organization (www.Encyclopedia.com). Re-Engineering is primarily used by Michael Hammer and champy in the 1993’s in his bestselling book entitled “Re-Engineering Corporation” which is published in 1993. It did not mean using the computer system, it was modification to the existing system (Khan, 2019). Re-Engineering is the process of modification or modernization of existing system (Athude, 2019). Re-Engineering is the process of rethinking and redesigning library or public library activities, to fulfil the user information needs and to enhance the services in the public library with innovative ideas and thoughts. It introduces automation in housekeeping operations in public libraries by using ICT Technologies.

Farmer's perception towards Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Vikas Yojana in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh

Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Vikas Yojana (PMVDVY) scheme was launched by Prime Minister on 14th April 2018. This scheme's main motive is to improve the livelihood andincome of tribals especially tribal women by providing employment opportunities through various value addition activities of tribal products and make them self-reliant. The present study was conducted in the state of Andhra Pradesh under ITDA-Rampachodavaram during the year 2021–22. The study was undertaken to assess the perception of beneficiaries towards PMVDVY scheme.A total of 105 sample size was taken by using proportionate random sampling method in eight villages under twomandals for the current study. The findings of the study revealed that, majority of the beneficiaries were belonged to young age group and female gender category. The study also revealed that most of them are illiterates, having low annual income and small land holdings.From the findings, it was also revealed that majority of the beneficiaries had moderate level of utilisation of source of information, with medium economic motivation, extension contact, awareness regarding PMVDVY and market orientation. Then coming to the perception ofbeneficiaries towards PMVDVY was found favourable.

PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE OF THE FARMERS TOWARDS IMPROVED OKRA CULTIVATION PRACTICES IN EAST GODAVARI DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentusL.) also known as Lady’s Finger is an economically important summer vegetable crop that belongs to the family Malvaceae. It is known to have originated in tropical Africa. The crop is quite popular due to its easy cultivation, dependable yield and resistant to drought &amp; water logging adaptability to varying moisture conditions &amp; soil types. (Maurya et al., 2013). the major findings are 74.16 percent of the respondents have knowledge on soils that are Loose, loamy soils are required for Okra cultivation, followed by 64.16 percent of the respondents are saying that they cultivate Okra crop throughout the year. Okra plant produces fiber by 20.2 to 7.2 percent. (Chauhan 1972) East-godavari district of Andra pradesh state was selected purposively based on the maximum farmers’ availability. Descriptive research design was used for the present study. A total of 120 respondents were selected purposively as a sample for the present investigation. The data was collected by using pre-tested schedule and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Karl Pearson’s Co-efficient of Correlation test was applied to find out the association between farmers socio-economic profile with independent variables. It was concluded that the socio-economic status of the respondents constitute medium level. It was observed that majority of the respondents belonged to the high level of perception and towards improved okra cultivation practices. There was a positive and significant relationship between independent variables with dependent variables.

Modeling yield and backscatter using satellite derived biophysical variables of rice crop based on Artificial Neural Networks

In this study, ‘observed rice yield (ton acre-1)’ and ‘remotely sensed backscatter’are modelled using artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods for East and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The biophysical variables viz. backscatter (bs), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Chlorophyll (chfl), fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), leaf area index (LAI), canopy water content (CWC), and fraction of vegetation cover (Fcover) were derived from Scatterometer Satellite-1 (SCATSAT-1), Moderate Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and Sentinel-2 satellite data.Inputs selected are bs, NDVI, chfl, FAPAR, LAI, CWC, and Fcover for rice yield model, whereas NDVI, chfl, FAPAR, LAI, CWC, and Fcover are inputs for backscatter models. The performance of ANN and MLR models was evaluated using three indices such as root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The results concluded that the ANN models achieved R2 of 0.908 and 0.884 which are 42.73% and 28.85% higher than that of the MLR method for rice yield and backscatter, respectively.

ADOPTION BEHAVIOUR OF BRINJAL GROWERS TOWARDS INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN EAST GODAVARI DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

The present study was conducted in Korukonda and Ramchandrapuram division having prominent area under brinjal in East Godavari district by selecting 4 villages from each mandal for study. Total 72 brinjal growers were selected. The study revealed that personal and socio economic characteristics of the respondents education, , land holding , extension participation , area under brinjal , extension contact and mass media exposure were positively and significantly correlated with their level of adoption of IPM practices. The variable age, family type, annual income and occupation had negative and significant correlation with the adoption level. Availability of biopesticides, pheromone traps and light traps at reasonable price and at local places were the important suggestions made by brinjal growers. The other suggestions were insect organization of demonstration campaign for proper guidance on IPM practices and for identifying insect pest from state department of agriculture and state agricultural universities.

Prognostic significance of various biochemical markers in Corona virus disease (COVID)-19: A tertiary care hospital study in Kakinada East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh

This study was conducted on covid 19 patients who admitted in various wards in tertiary care centre (Government general hospital, Kakinada) E.G, Dt, Andhra Pradesh, from the 1st November 2020 to 15th January 2021 before Immunization. And divided in to two groups male and female cases. This study involves estimation of Biochemical profile in all the admitted patients to predict the severity of the covid 19 disease at the time of admission in to the Hospital. To analyse and estimate the serum inflammatory markers like D dimer, Ferritin, C-Reactive Protein, LFT and RFT in Covid 19 patients and evaluate the relationship of inflammatory marker se D-Dimer with other inflammatory markers like Ferritin, CRP and biochemical markers like Creatinine and liver enzymes (OT, PT). We retrospectively analysed the Clinical features and lab parameters of 393 cases of Covid-19 admitted to tertiary care hospital GGH Kakinada. Plasma d dimer, serum CRP and ferritin were significantly raised in total covid 19 patients and more increased in males when compared with females. Biochemical parameters like creatinine and liver enzymes also elevated in total cases and more increased in males as compared with females suggest organ dysfunction and systemic inflammation. The most typical finding in patients with COVID-19 coagulopathy is an increased D dimer concentration, and the relationship between D-dimer levels and the other markers of inflammation like Ferritin, CRP in COVID-19 shows disease progression. We conclude that biochemical monitoring of Covid-19 patients helps in identifying critically ill patients even earlier, aiming to reduce mortality and improve the recovery rate.

IMPACT OF ACADEMIC STRESS AND EMOTIONAL MATURITY ON MENTAL HEALTH AMONG NURSING COLLEGE STUDENTS

An attempt was made in the present investigation to study the impact of academic stress and emotional maturity on mental health among nursing college students. Sample of the present study consists of 120 nursing college students in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh State. Students Academic stress scale developed by Kumar Reddy (1999), emotional maturity scale developed by Yashvir Singh and Mahesh Bhargava (1990) and mental health inventory developed by Jagadish and Srivastava (1983) were administered. The ndings of the study revealed that academic stress and emotional maturity have signicant inuence on mental health.

Evaluation of organic and inorganic fertilizers on chemical and biochemical quality constituents of burley tobacco: Influence of fertilizers on chemical and biochemical quality of burley tobacco

A field experiment was conducted during 2011-13 at Burley Tobacco Research Centre, Kalavacharla, East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of organic and inorganic manures viz., four formulations of organic manures (neem cake, pongamia cake, filter press cake, poultry manure, FYM and vermicompost in different ratios) and two levels of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers (120 and 160 kg N /ha) on chemical and biochemical quality constituents of burley tobacco. Cured leaf samples from bottom, middle and top leaf positions in different treatments were analysed for chemical and biochemical quality constituents. Total chlorophylls, carotenoids and nitrate nitrogen varied from 0.116 to 0.388, 0.161 to 0.531, 3.87 to 8.06 mg/g, respectively. Chlorophylls and carotenoids were higher in manure treatments compared to inorganic treatments. Polyphenols viz., chromogenic acid and rutin ranged from 0.58 to 3.89 mg/g and 0.94 to 2.85 mg/g respectively. Polyphenols were less with organic manures compared to inorganic manures. Proline content varied from 0.506 to 3.7 mg/g. Organic manures showed higher proline compared to inorganic Nitrogen. Chemical quality parameters viz., nicotine, reducing sugars and chlorides ranged from 0.4 to 1.73%, 0.49 to 1.93% and 0.39 to 2.84% respectively. Reducing sugars content is high with organic manure application compared to inorganic nutrients. Activity of soil enzymes is high with organic compared to inorganic manures. Manure treatments not only increased the content of carotenoids, proline, reducing sugars, chlorophyll, and free fatty acids which play an important role in the quality of tobacco but also decreased the levels of polyphenols and nitrate nitrogen, which are negatively correlated with the quality of tobacco. Among the different organic manures, manure A (neem cake, pongamia cake, filter press cake, poultry manure, FYM and vermicompost in the ratio of 2:2:2:2:1:1) showed superiority followed by Manure C (neem cake, pongamia cake, filter press cake, poultry manure, FYM and vermicompost in the ratio of 1.5:1.5:5:2:1:2) in their influence on chemical quality parameters of Burley tobacco.

Shifting shoreline of the estuarine landscape in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India

Shifting shoreline of the estuarine landscape in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India

Prophylactic health products use in Penaeus vannamei farming in Andhra Pradesh: Perception of shrimp farmers of north, central and south coastal regions

Antibiotic residues in shrimp meat pose food safety threats and trade implications. Shrimp farmers employ prophylactic health products, commonly known as probiotics (gut, water and soil probiotics), to prevent disease occurrence thereby negating the need for the use of antibiotics in shrimp health management. Information on the use of probiotics, decision on probiotic selection and farming practices was elicited from 182 Penaeus vannamei shrimp farmers of Andhra Pradesh from four districts representing the north coastal (Srikakulam District), central coastal (East Godavari and West Godavari districts) and south coastal (Nellore District) districts, by questionnaire based survey. Majority of the farmers (50%) used only one probiotic during the rearing of P. vannamei but 15% farmers used up to three probiotics. P. vannamei farmers used 45 different probiotics brands and the probiotic brand was mostly co-selected with the feed brand. Feed technician (employee of the feed manufacturer involved in marketing and promotion of feed) alone was responsible for the selection of the probiotic brand to be used by 52% of shrimp farmers in Srikakulam, 50% of shrimp farmers in East Godavari, 40% of shrimp farmers in West Godavari and 32% of shrimp farmers in Nellore districts. More than 30% of the shrimp famers of West Godavari, Nellore and East Godavari took a neutral stance on the performance of the probiotic but were still using probiotics as a safety measure. The baseline data on prophylactic health products usage is the first step in understanding the dynamics of probiotic use and underlines the need for concerted research to assess the quality of these products (in terms of label claims) that are used by shrimp famers in significant quantities that profoundly influence the production cost. Keywords: Penaeus vannamei, Probiotics, Prophylactic health products, Shrimp farmers

Environment and Food Taboos: Breastfeeding, Antenatal, and Postnatal Practices Among Koya Dora of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh

Food taboos are studied from varied perspectives. Breastfeeding, antenatal, and postnatal practices in most of the cultures have a special place: certain taboos are often attached to them. Breastfeeding has a plethora of positive health outcomes for infant and mother alike. Some of these practices are taboos, like abstention from feeding the newborn with mother’s milk immediately after birth or for some stipulated period. Or restrictions placed on would-be or new mothers from consumption of certain food items. This article shows that breastfeeding is natural, and its benefits accrue to the Koya Dora, while “antenatal” and “postnatal” food taboos are from outside. We conclude that Koya Dora breastfeed their children in harmony and as expected, while the food taboos do occur due to outside influences rather than as one expects would occur due to local cultural environmental reasons.

Prevalence, clinical profile, and stroke risk of atrial fibrillation in rural Andhra Pradesh, India (The AP-AF study) – Rationale and design

IntroductionThe epidemiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) in India has not been studied systematically in large scale population based surveys. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in India. As AF is a major contributor of stroke, it is important to know the burden of AF and stroke risk in the population. The Andhra Pradesh Atrial Fibrillation (AP-AF) study aims to assess the prevalence, etiology, risk factors and stroke risk among the rural population in Andhra Pradesh, India.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional survey done using a two-stage sampling process. Adults (≥18years) from villages in East and West Godavari districts were sampled. Field investigators used a structured questionnaire to collect information on basic demographics, cardiovascular risk factors and medical history. Anthropometric measurements were performed, blood pressure measured and fasting capillary blood glucose was assessed. Electrocardiogram was done using a hand-held mobile ECG device-KardioMobile. ECGs were interpreted by study cardiologists. Participants diagnosed to have AF were invited to participate in a camp conducted by cardiologists where echocardiogram was done and also a focused history related to AF was collected. Along with age and sex stratified prevalence of AF, descriptive statistics will be used to present demographics, clinical profile, and cardiovascular risk factors. Stroke risk will be calculated using CHA 2 DS 2 -Vasc score.ConclusionThe AP-AF study is expected to provide important information on AF epidemiology in rural India. The information may help improve health care policies in preventing stroke and other complications of AF.

PM10, PM2.5, SO2 AND NO2 concentrations at different locations in East-Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India

PM10, PM2.5, SO2 AND NO2 concentrations at different locations in East-Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India

A review on the effect of eggshell powder on engineering properties of expansive soil

Objectives: To find the optimal percentage of eggshell powder which when mixed with expansive soil results in effective foundations for buildings. Methods: In this study, samples from Katreni Kona near Amalapuram, East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh in the southern part of India was selected to collect the expansive soil which was open excavated at 2.0 m depth beneath the surface of the ground for the study. Eggshell powder (ESP) mixed with expansive soil in different percentages of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by dry weight was considered for evaluation. The treated and untreated samples were subjected to Compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) (soaked and unsoaked) and Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. Findings: The clay content was reduced with an increase in density and liquid limit, subsequently the plastic limit was reduced with the increase of UCS by adding the eggshell powder to the soil. The optimal dried density of the soil was increased from 14.42 kN/m3, 14.59 kN/m3, 14.71 kN/m3, 14.88 kN/m3 and 14.81 kN/m3,and optimum moisture content was decreased from 28.24 %, 26.42%, 26.09%, 24.48% and 23.02% respectively when 0% to 20% of eggshell powder was mixed with soil. The CBR values were increased until 15% ESP at which the maximum value was attained, and further addition decreased the CBR. Novelty: The engineering nature of expansive soil is extremely enriched with ESP stabilization. The optimum percentage of ESP was 15% when compared with other percentages that were assessed in this investigation. The solidity of soil increased with a reduced number of voids that connect the soil cells, and consistency boundaries of the land were reduced by using ESP. The CBR value with a percentage increase of ESP indicated that the soil is more suitable for foundation. Keywords: Eggshell powder; Differential Free Swell (DFS); expansive soil; CBR; UCS; stabilization; compaction

Empirical Statistical Analysis and Cluster Studies on Socio-Economic Status (SES) Dataset

Socio-economic status (SES) levels and conditions are extremely influential variables in the study of a particular area of society or any society. Social factors, for instance, the position of caste, religion, marital status, education levels, give good assessment results for us about a person’s goals and the method of achieving their objectives. Generally economic status of any family is needy upon the social factors, for instance, the size of the family, educators in family and levels, and the level of the friendly environment in the family. SES with machine learning (ML) especially cluster analysis is important to identify important features or dimensions of the SES dataset, evaluate the rakings of dimensions and dimensional reductions. In this research, we collected 1742 samples (household information) as per socio-economic ratios and area (rural and urban) wise ratios with good questionnaires between 2018 and 2019 from Rajamahandravaram, East Godavari District, AP, India. We conduct the statistical analysis and cluster analysis for identifying the important factors of SES levels and their problem analysis. In cluster analysis, we apply k-means, hierarchal clustering (HC), and hierarchal with principal component analysis (PCA). The good projection results related to HC and PCA-HC specifies passements of SES class values.

Groundwater exploration in hard rock terrains of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India using AHP and WIO analyses together with geoelectrical surveys

<abstract> The need for groundwater exploration in India has been increasing enormously, due to the non-judicial use of available water resources. The present study area is located between longitudes from 81°52′20.293′′ to 82°29′32.058′′ E and latitudes from 17°01′6.71′′ to 17°38′ 12.906′′ N in the Eastern Ghats mobile belt region of East Godavari district. The study area is characterized by a wide range of geological settings and high and irregular topographic features. The area is identified by Government as highly backward and Tribal people dwell here. For exploring good aquifer in the study area, the information of ten parameters together with geoelectrical resistivity data has been collected. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used as the decision-making technique which uses the weights of different thematic layers (parameters) favorable for groundwater recharge, storage and location. Various thematic layers (parameters) of geology, geomorphology, soil, slope, lineament density, drainage density, groundwater level, Land use/Land cover, rainfall and coefficient of electrical anisotropy were considered in this analysis. A comprehensive groundwater prospect map has been prepared and validated with aquifer thickness map derived from the analysis of geoelectrical data. The entire study area has been classified into different potential zones of good, moderate and poor for groundwater exploration. The good groundwater potential zone is covering an area of 750.91 sqkm (28.4%) with aquifer thickness varying in the range 40–140 m, moderate potential zone encompasses 46.1% of the study area with an areal extent of 1220.33 sqkm and aquifer thickness is about 20–40 m. The remaining area of 24.5% is poor aquifer zone with thickness less than 20 m. </abstract>

Steele and McKern’s Mathematical Method of Reconstructing maximum Tibia bone length in an indigenous population of East Godavari district in Andhra Pradesh of Southern India. A validation study

Steele and McKern’s Mathematical Method of Reconstructing maximum Tibia bone length in an indigenous population of East Godavari district in Andhra Pradesh of Southern India. A validation study

A comparative study of blood indices in rural and urban non-pregnant female population of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh

A comparative study of blood indices in rural and urban non-pregnant female population of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh