East Aurora Research Articles

Communes in America, 1975–2000 by Timothy Miller

Reviewed by: Communes in America, 1975–2000 by Timothy Miller Devin R. Lander (bio) Communes in America, 1975–2000 By Timothy Miller . Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2019. 280 pages, 6″ x 9″. $65.00 cloth, $29.95 paper. Timothy Miller, professor of religious studies at the University of Kansas, has done more important work on the history of intentional communities in the United States than any historian I can think of. Communes in America, 1975–2000 is the third and final book in his series that examines the history and relevance of American communes from 1900 to 2000 and includes the previous volumes The Quest for Utopia in Twentieth-Century America (1998) and The '60s Communes: Hippies and Beyond (1999). Collectively they represent a groundbreaking approach to the subject by deeply mining the archival record, oral history, and quantitative methods. According to the Foundation for Intentional Community's database, there are currently forty-seven "established" (including four or more adults in residence and in existence for at least two years) intentional communities in New York State, which is more than any other state except California, Washington, and Oregon. 1 New York has a long and varied history as the home of prominent intentional communities ranging from the Shakers settling in New Lebanon in the late eighteenth century, the Oneida Community's founding in 1848, and the establishment of the turn-of-the-century communal art colonies of Roy-croft in East Aurora and Byrdcliffe near Woodstock, to the Gate Hill Cooperative avant-garde artists' commune cofounded by John Cage in 1954 near Stony Point and Timothy [End Page 392] Leary's psychedelic commune residing on a 2,500-acre estate in the village of Millbrook, all of which are touched upon in Miller's series. His most recent work also notes the important communal Hindu ashrams Shree Muktananda Ashram in the Catskills and Shanti Mandir in Walden, as well as the Buddhist communes Dai Bosatsu Zendo and the Zen Mountain Monastery, also both in the Catskill mountains. The number and variety of intentional communities that called New York State home is truly amazing. In the preface of Communes in America, 1975–2000, Miller outlines his criteria for inclusion in his study, which is consistent with the previous volumes and includes the following four "must haves" that a group must possess to be considered an intentional community: 1. The group must be gathered on the basis of some kind of purpose or vision and not simply just people living together by chance or family ties. 2. The group must live together on property that has some clear physical commonality. 3. The group must have some kind of financial or material sharing. 4. The group must consist of at least five adults who are not related by blood or marriage. Miller adds that to be considered for the study, a group also must have "a sense of being withdrawn or set apart from conventional society," which is why he does not include Native American tribes, which he rightfully defines as being of the conventional society of their time and place, not outside it. Miller also does not include groups such as monasteries or convents belonging to traditional religious institutions. Communes in America, 1975–2000 is broken down into seven thematic chapters and two appendices. Chapters 2 and 3 illustrate how intentional communities reacted and adapted to social and environmental challenges in the larger society through such innovations as cohousing communes and ecovillages. Chapters 4 and 5 are dedicated to intentional communities with a spiritual purpose, and chapter 6 outlines activist and social justice communities, including feminist and LGBTQ groups. Chapter 7 investigates the often negative public perception of intentional communities during the period of 1975–2000 as a result of tragedies such as the mass suicides at Jonestown and Heaven's Gate and the deadly assaults on MOVE and the Branch Davidian compounds. Miller cautions the reader not to paint all intentional communities with the same brush based on these horrifying (but rare) catastrophes. The appendices provide excellent quantitative material drawn from the entire series as well as Miller's other works on the subject. Appendix A uses evidence going back...

Update of the History of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock (2006–2015)

Abstract This update on the activities of the committee meetings of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock covers the years from 2006 through 2015. The purpose of the this update is to highlight the activities of the biannual meetings, winter and summer, of Committee D18, to list members’ awards, and to indicate those members who have deceased during this period. The paper was reviewed by Jeanne Asquith (3Rd Rock LLC, East Aurora, NY) and Ron Holsinger (retired).

Acquisition and extinction of operant pain-related avoidance behavior using a 3 degrees-of-freedom robotic arm.

Ample empirical evidence endorses the role of associative learning in pain-related fear acquisition. Nevertheless, research typically focused on self-reported and psychophysiological measures of fear. Avoidance, which is overt behavior preventing the occurrence of an aversive (painful) stimulus, has been largely neglected so far. Therefore, we aimed to fill this gap and developed an operant conditioning procedure for pain-related avoidance behavior. Participants moved their arm to a target location using the HapticMaster (FCS Robotics; Moog Inc, East Aurora, New York), a 3 degrees-of-freedom, force-controlled robotic arm. Three movement trajectories led to the target location. If participants in the Experimental Group took the shortest/easiest trajectory, they always received a painful stimulus (T1 = 100% reinforcement; no resistance). If they deviated from this trajectory, the painful stimulus could be partly or totally prevented (T2 = 50% reinforcement; T3 = 0% reinforcement), but more effort was needed (T2 = moderate resistance and deviation; T3 = strongest resistance and largest deviation). The Yoked Group received the same reinforcement schedule irrespective of their own behavior. During the subsequent extinction phase, no painful stimuli were delivered. Self-reported pain-expectancy and pain-related fear were assessed, and avoidance behavior was operationalized as the maximal distance from the shortest trajectory. During acquisition, the Experimental Group reported more pain-related fear and pain-expectancy to T1 vs T2 vs T3 and deviated more from the shortest trajectory than the Yoked Group. During subsequent extinction, avoidance behavior, self-reported fear, and pain-expectancy decreased significantly, but conditioned differences persisted despite the absence of painful stimuli. To conclude, this operant learning task might provide a valid paradigm to study pain-related avoidance behavior in future studies.

East Aurora Fire Department

Case study enabling a contrast between traditional PERT analysis and broader spreadsheet simulation. Teaching notes and spreadsheet models available from author.

A comparison of challenging behaviour in an adult group with Down's syndrome and dementia compared with an adult Down's syndrome group without dementia

SummaryThis study investigated the frequency and severity of challenging behaviour in adults with Down's syndrome with and without signs of dementia. Care staff were interviewed using the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist‐Community version (M.G. Aman & N.N. Singh, Slosson, East Aurora, NY, 1994), to investigate the frequency and severity of challenging behaviour. Individuals’‘dementia status’ was assessed by using the Dementia Scale for Down's syndrome (Gedye Research and Consulting, Vancouver, 1995). The results showed that the dementia group displayed more frequent and severe forms of challenging behaviour than the nondementia group. The difference in reported levels of challenging behaviour of both groups with the general learning disabilities population was not considered to be clinically significant and levels fell predominantly within the ‘normal range’. The findings of this study suggest that frequent and severe forms of challenging behaviour in adults with Down's syndrome is more likely to be a behavioural symptom associated with the onset of a dementing illness and not due to normal ageing alone.

Persistence of early emerging aberrant behavior in children with developmental disabilities

This study examined the persistence of early emerging aberrant behavior in 13 preschool children with developmental disabilities. The severity of aberrant behavior was assessed every 6 months over a 3-year period. Teachers completed the assessments using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist [Aman, M. G., & Singh, N. N. (1986). Aberrant Behavior Checklist: Manual. East Aurora, NY: Slosson Educational Publications; (1994). Aberrant Behavior Checklist—Community. East Aurora, NY: Slosson Educational Publications]. Problem behaviors were present in all children at the beginning of the study. Nine of the 13 children entered the study with relatively high levels of aberrant behaviors that showed little change over the 3 years. These data suggest that aberrant behaviors often emerge early and can be highly persistent during the preschool years. Prevention would, therefore, seem to require home-based interventions that begin before 4 years of age.

Modernity and the Dilemma of North American Anglican Identities, 1880-1950. By William H. Katerberg. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001. xii + 306pp. $49.95

Journal Article Modernity and the Dilemma of North American Anglican Identities, 1880–1950. By William H. Katerberg. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001. xii + 306pp. $49.95 Get access Wendy Dackson Wendy Dackson East Aurora, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Church and State, Volume 46, Issue 2, Spring 2004, Pages 414–415, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/46.2.414 Published: 01 March 2004

ACCOUNTING HALL OF FAME 2000 INDUCTION

Remarks, Citation, and Response ARTHUR RAMER WYATT REMARKS I have had many fortuitous events in my life. But one of the most fortuitous was the day I walked into Professor Arthur Wyatt's graduate accounting theory class. It was September 1958 (almost 40 years ago), and it was my second day on the campus at the University of Illinois. I'll never forget Art's first words to me. When he came to my name, as he called the class role, I was surprised to hear, Mr. Kieso, I'll take West Aurora and 7 points. Although Art and I were complete strangers, I shortly learned that we were from the same home town, Aurora, Illinois, albiet from competing high schools. I also learned that we both caddied at the same country club; that I had played fast-pitch softball for nearly a decade with his younger brother; and that my motherin-law was his mother's childhood friend and neighbor, both graduating together from East Aurora, my high school. But, up until that wager, which Art won on Thanksgiving Day when West High beat East High, we had never met or known of each other. It was Art who persuaded me to apply for a teaching assistantship upon entering the graduate program. He even split his honors class of James Scholars with me so that I had someone to teach. Between my masters and doctoral programs, Art persuaded me to apply for a research associate position in New York with the AICPA where I was promptly assigned to work on Art's business combination research study project. During my doctoral program, Art served as my dissertation adviser, and two years after finishing my Ph.D. program, we coauthored a book on mergers and acquisitions, which was my introduction to book writing. He has supported me throughout my career as a role model, mentor, and friend-as he has done for numerous others-including some in this audience. Art's service to the profession is well recognized and his articles and editorials have been widely read. I wish, however, to salute him for excelling as a master teacher and as an identifier and mentor of promising students. I have always felt that his transition from academe to public accounting, though smooth and extremely successful, was premature. He had cloned himself hundreds of times in the too few years he was a professor. Not to diminish what he accomplished in public accounting, but had he remained in academe, he would have enhanced the profession with thousands of additional Wyatt disciples. I am thankful for the opportunity to have studied under and worked my entire career with a person of such intellect and sound judgment, such devotion to his students and his profession, and such extraordinary integrity. We have played many games of golf, but I have never beat or tied him. I cannot resist concluding: Mr. Wyatt, I'll take my home course and 18 strokes. REMARKS I have known Art for close to 35 years. I have read most of his written work, be it articles or textbooks. I have listened to a number of his speeches, served on committees with him at the AAA and the AICPA, and socialized with him on many occasions at conventions, conferences, dinners, my home, and, of course, the golf course. Like Don Kieso, I am one of Art's many students. He has been my mentor, and everything that Don said about Art goes double for me. I believe we would all agree that Art is a remarkable individual. He is a leader; he has vision; he has character; he is persuasive; he is intelligent; he is articulate; he is good-humored; and, as a result, he is just great to be around. My wife calls him the Renaissance man because he can discuss intelligently so many different subjects. As they would say in the sports world, which Art knows quite well, Art is a superstar. And his record of professional accomplishments shows that: numerous articles, presentations, textbooks, superb classroom teacher, leader of Arthur Andersen's accounting principles group, chair of AcSEC, chair of IASC, president of the AAA, and board member of the FASB. …

ACCOUNTING HALL OF FAME 1998 INDUCTION

Remarks, Citation, and Response ARTHUR RAMER WYATT REMARKS I have had many fortuitous events in my life. But one of the most fortuitous was the day I walked into Professor Arthur Wyatt's graduate accounting theory class. It was September 1958 (almost 40 years ago), and it was my second day on the campus at the University of Illinois. I'll never forget Art's first words to me. When he came to my name, as he called the class role, I was surprised to hear, "Mr. Kieso, I'll take West Aurora and 7 points." Although Art and I were complete strangers, I shortly learned that we were from the same home town, Aurora, Illinois, albiet from competing high schools. I also learned that we both caddied at the same country club; that I had played fast-pitch softball for nearly a decade with his younger brother; and that my motherin-law was his mother's childhood friend and neighbor, both graduating together from East Aurora, my high school. But, up until that wager, which Art won on Thanksgiving Day when West High beat East High, we had never met or known of each other. It was Art who persuaded me to apply for a teaching assistantship upon entering the graduate program. He even split his honors class of James Scholars with me so that I had someone to teach. Between my masters and doctoral programs, Art persuaded me to apply for a research associate position in New York with the AICPA where I was promptly assigned to work on Art's business combination research study project. During my doctoral program, Art served as my dissertation adviser, and two years after finishing my Ph.D. program, we coauthored a book on mergers and acquisitions, which was my introduction to book writing. He has supported me throughout my career as a role model, mentor, and friend-as he has done for numerous others-including some in this audience. Art's service to the profession is well recognized and his articles and editorials have been widely read. I wish, however, to salute him for excelling as a master teacher and as an identifier and mentor of promising students. I have always felt that his transition from academe to public accounting, though smooth and extremely successful, was premature. He had cloned himself hundreds of times in the too few years he was a professor. Not to diminish what he accomplished in public accounting, but had he remained in academe, he would have enhanced the profession with thousands of additional Wyatt disciples. I am thankful for the opportunity to have studied under and worked my entire career with a person of such intellect and sound judgment, such devotion to his students and his profession, and such extraordinary integrity. We have played many games of golf, but I have never beat or tied him. I cannot resist concluding: "Mr. Wyatt, I'll take my home course and 18 strokes." REMARKS I have known Art for close to 35 years. I have read most of his written work, be it articles or textbooks. I have listened to a number of his speeches, served on committees with him at the AAA and the AICPA, and socialized with him on many occasions at conventions, conferences, dinners, my home, and, of course, the golf course. Like Don Kieso, I am one of Art's many students. He has been my mentor, and everything that Don said about Art goes double for me. I believe we would all agree that Art is a remarkable individual. He is a leader; he has vision; he has character; he is persuasive; he is intelligent; he is articulate; he is good-humored; and, as a result, he is just great to be around. My wife calls him the Renaissance man because he can discuss intelligently so many different subjects. As they would say in the sports world, which Art knows quite well, Art is a superstar. And his record of professional accomplishments shows that: numerous articles, presentations, textbooks, superb classroom teacher, leader of Arthur Andersen's accounting principles group, chair of AcSEC, chair of IASC, president of the AAA, and board member of the FASB. …

5498522 Methods for the use of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase as a prognostic indicator and/or a tumor response marker : Porter Carl W East Aurora, NY, United States assigned to Health Research Inc

5498522 Methods for the use of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase as a prognostic indicator and/or a tumor response marker : Porter Carl W East Aurora, NY, United States assigned to Health Research Inc

In Praise of Bookshops: The Roycroft Campus, East Aurora, New York

In Praise of Bookshops: The Roycroft Campus, East Aurora, New York

How Inclusion Can Facilitate Teaching and Learning

Discusses what inclusive education is, what it is not, and seven ways it can provide opportunities for improving education Michael, I'm a fourth-grade “Regular Ed” teacher who was very reluctantly drafted to have a child with severe disabilities in my room. It didn't take me long to be genuinely glad to have Sandy in my class. I can support inclusion. But please tell me who is going to watch out for people like me? Who will make sure administrators give us smaller class loads to compensate? Who will keep the curriculum people off my back when I don't cover the already overwhelming amount the state expects us to cover? After all, to properly achieve inclusion my time will now be more pressed than ever. Who will ensure that I receive the time I need to meet with the rest of the team (special educator, physical therapist, occupational therapist, etc.)? Who will watch over us, Mike? Sue Flynn East Aurora Elementary School

Book Notes

The Rights of Children with AIDS: Kindergartner with AIDS and the Classroom Barrier by Monte L. Betz, Horsham, PA: Crisis Intervention Series, LRP Publications, 1992. 261 pp., $24.95 (plus $3.50 shipping), paperback. (Available at LRP Publications, Department 430, 747 Dresher Road, Suite 500, PO Box 980, Horsham, PA 19044–0980) What to Do When…: Preschool Children with Special Health Care Needs by Mary Theresa Urbano, San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group, 1992. 230 pp., $29.95, paperback. (Available at Singular Publishing Group, 4284 41st St., San Diego, CA 92105) Maximizing Programs for Children with Severe Behavior Problems: Crack Kids in School: What to Do, How to Do It by Danni Odom-Winn and Dianne E. Dunagan, Baldwin, NY: Educational Activities. 1991. 120 pp., $14.95 (plus $2.00 shipping), paperback. (Available at Educational Activities, Inc., 1937 Grand Ave., Baldwin, NY 11510) Resources for Handling Difficult Issues: Children, Problems, & Guidelines: A Resource Book for Schools & Parents by LaDeane Casey, East Aurora, NY: Slosson Educational Publications, 1991. 99 pp., $19.95, paperback. (Available at Slosson Educational Publications, Inc., PO Box 280, East Aurora, NY 14052)

Corn Rootworm Control in Field Corn, 1990

Abstract Experimental plots measuring 37 rows × 30.5 m (100 ft) were planted at Rich-a-Lu farm in East Aurora, N.Y., on 2 May with a 2-row corn planter at 77,500 seeds/ha (31,000/acre), and fertilized with 181.4 kg (400 lb) of 10-10-10 fertilizer banded at planting. Soils were silt loam with 4% organic matter. Adult beetle counts averaged between 4 and 6 beetles/plant during the 1989 oviposition period in this field. Each treatment was a single row by 30.5 m (100 ft). Thirty-seven treatments were replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Supplimental nitrogen was provided with a preplant incorporated application of tons manure/acre. Granular insecticides were applied at planting (AP) with Noble granular applicators mounted on the planter, and at cultivation with a Noble granular applicator mounted on a 2 wheel pushcart. Cultivation treatments were applied on 20 Jun and followed by a 2 inch cultivation using a single row cultivator with C-shanked shovels. All treatments were cultivated to eliminate the effect of cultivation on the different treatments. Corn growth stage at cultivation was S-2. Stand counts were taken on 50 row ft on 20 Jun. Five plants in each row were dug and the roots washed before rating root damage using the Iowa 1—6 root rating scale on 2 Aug. Treatments were mechanically harvested on 24 Sep with a single row silage chopper (New Holland model 707), and the silage from each treatment row was collected and weighed in a weigh wagon.

Corn Rootworm Control in Field Corn, 1989

Abstract Experimental plots measuring 42 rows × 100 ft were planted at Rich-a-Lu farm in East Aurora, N.Y., on 19 May with a 2-row corn planter at 31,000 seeds/acre, and fertilized with 400 lb of 10-10-10 fertilizer banded at planting. Soils were silt loam with 4% organic matter. Adult beetle counts averaged between 4 and 6 beetles/plant during the 1988 oviposition period in this field. Each treatment was 1 row by 100 ft. Fourty-two treatments were replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Supplemental nitrogen was provided with a preplant incorporated application of 40 ton manure/acre. Granular insecticides were applied at planting with Noble granular applicators mounted on the planter. Stand counts were taken on 50 ft of row on 9 Jun. Five plants in each row were dug and the roots washed before rating root damage using the Iowa 1-6 root rating scale on 26 Jul.

Corn Rootworm Control in Field Corn, 1988

Abstract Two trials were planted in a single large field in Western N.Y. with a soil texture change between the 2 locations. Identical rates and placements of registered corn rootworm soil insecticides were used in both sites for comparison purposes. Experimental plots for the large trial, measuring 53 rows × 50 ft, and for the small trial, measuring 10 rows × 50 ft, were planted at Rich-a-Lu farm in East Aurora, N.Y., on 4 May with a 2-row corn planter at 24,000 seeds/acre. Plots were fertilized with 400 lb of 10-10-10 fertilizer banded at planting. Soils for the large trial were silt loam with 4% organic matter, and for the small trial were sandy loam. Fifty-three treatments were replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design for the large trial, and 10 treatments were replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design for the small trial. Supplemental nitrogen was provided with a preplant incorporated application of 40 tons manure/acre. Granular insecticides were applied at planting with Noble granular applicators mounted on the planter. Adult beetle counts averaged between 3 and 4 beetles/plant during the 1989 oviposition period throughout the entire field. Each treatment for both trials was 1 row by 50 ft. Stand counts were taken on 40 ft of row on 15 Jun. Five plants in each row were dug and the roots washed before rating root damage using the Iowa 1-6 root rating scale on 26 Jul.

Corn Rootworm Control in Field Corn with Varying Rates of Lorsban, 1990

Abstract Experimental plots measuring 6 rows × 655 ft were planted at Rich-a-Lu farm in East Aurora, N.Y. on 2 May with a 2-row corn planter at 31,000/acre, and fertilized with 400 lb of 10-10-10 fertilizer banded at planting. Soils were silt loam. Adult beetle counts averaged between 4 and 6 beetles/plant during the 1989 oviposition period in this field. Three treatments of: 8 oz/1000 Lorsban ft, 4 oz/1000 Lorsban ft, and an untreated check, were used. Each treatment was 2 rows × 655 ft long. The 3 treatments were replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Supplimental nitrogen was provided with a preplant incorporated application of ton manure/ acre. Granular insecticides were applied at planting with Noble granular applicators mounted on the planter. Five plants in each row (10 plants per treatment per block) were dug and the roots washed prior to rating root damage using the Iowa 1-6 rating scale on 2 Aug. Treatments were mechanically harvested on 24 Sep with a single row silage chopper (New Holland model 707), and the silage from each treatment row was collected and weighed in a weigh wagon.

Book reviews

Characteristics and Identification of Gifted and Talented Students Frederick B. Tuttle, Jr. Laurence A. Becker Joan A. Sousa Washington, DC: National Education Association 1988 160 pp., $11.95 Individualized Teaching of Gifted Children in Regular Classrooms Hazel J. Feldhusen East Aurora, NY: DOK Pulishers 1986 68 pp. Underachievers in School: Issues and Interventions Nava Butler‐Por New York: Wiley 1988

Subdivision Activity on the San Francisco Peninsula: 1860-1970

Subdivision Activity on the San Francisco Peninsula: 1860-1970 Elizabeth K. Burns* The total variety of subdivision activity within a region at given points in time is seldom discussed in morphological studies of urban growth. Development activity is usually examined within a framework of one or more influential parameters, such as improvements in peripheral transportation, the timing of building activity, and pre-existing field boundaries and property lines.1 The impact of individual parameters may vary within any one region, however, and only affect the development decisions for specific locations within the full region. To better identify the full range of variations in regional development and their origins, the author examines subdivision activity on the San Francisco Peninsula from 1860 to 1970.2 The 110-year interval was divided into six periods so that subdivisions laid out under similar conditions of accessibility and residential demand could be compared. Types of subdivision activity were identified by means of * Dr. Burns is Assistant Professor of Geography at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112. 1 Such approaches are well represented, for example, by Jerome D. FeIlmann , "Pre-Building Growth Patterns in Chicago," Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 47 (March 1957), pp. 57-82; David Ward, "The Pre-Urban Cadaster and the Urban Pattern of Leeds," Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 52 (June 1962), pp. 150-166; and Charles S. Sargent, Jr., "Toward a Dynamic Model of Urban Morphology," Economic Geography, Vol. 48 (October 1972), pp. 357-374. 2 The procedures and findings are more fully presented in Elizabeth Kates Burns, "The Process of Suburban Residential Development: The San Francisco Peninsula, 1860-1970," unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California , Berkeley, 1974, Chapter 5 and Appendices B and C. 18ASSOCIATION OF PACIFIC COAST GEOGRAPHERS cluster analysis, which permitted the comparison of individual subdivisions in each period and their grouping into a few clusters whose common characteristics could be readily determined. The Regional Context In this study, the San Francisco Peninsula is defined as the suburbs which extend south from the San Francisco City and County line for forty miles along the historic Spanish highway, El Camino Real, and the original route of the Southern Pacific Railroad (Figure 1). The region is bounded by San Francisco Bay on the east and the Santa Cruz Mountains on the west and, although mainly in San Mateo County, includes Palo Alto and Stanford University in northern Santa Clara County. In 1970, the Peninsula had a variety of suburban residential areas whose diversity was established early in the region's development .3 A visitor in 1915 exclaimed that "the man who can not be accommodated in a satisfactory way in San Mateo County can not be accommodated anywhere on earth—manufacturer, artisan, millionaire , lover of Nature, and a modern agriculturist, as well as the artist and student."4 There were broad social contrasts between the lowerstatus northern Peninsula, including Daly City, Brisbane, South San Francisco, and Colma, and the higher-status commuter suburbs which extend south of Millbrae. The most prestigious areas were the older affluent suburbs of Hillsborough and Atherton along the railroad and the newer suburbs of Woodside and Portóla Valley to the west in the foothills. In the southern Peninsula, the low status of East Palo Alto, a Black suburb near the Bay, contrasted with affluent residential areas of Menlo Park and Palo Alto to the west near Stanford University. 3 U. S. Bureau of the Census, San Francisco-Oakland, California Urban Atlas (Washington, D.C.: Series GE-80, 1974). An informative local history is provided in Frank M. Stanger, South from San Francisco: San Mateo County, California, its History and Heritage (San Mateo County Historical Association, 1963). 4 Elbert Hubbard, A Little Journey to San Mateo County (East Aurora, New York: Roycroft Shop, 1915), p. 22. YEARBOOK · VOLUME 39 · 197719 Figure 1. The San Francisco Peninsula, showing El Camino Real, the Southern Pacific Railroad (original route), presently incorporated cities (capitalized), selected unincorporated places, and boundaries of San Mateo County (dashed lines ) . 20ASSOCIATION OF PACIFIC COAST GEOGRAPHERS The region presently contains relatively little unsubdivided land, primarily large parcels near the Bay or in the foothills and bypassed sites...

Stephen Crane and the Philistine

IN DECEMBER, i895, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets by Johnston Smith had been gathering dust on its yellow paper wrappers for more than two years; The Black Riders for six months had been subject to general libel; and The Red Badge of Courage was selling slowly in its second thousand. At that moment Elbert Hubbard, of the East Aurora Roycrofters, chose to invite his friend Stephen Crane to be guest of honor at dinner given by the Society of the Philistines. In spite of the comparative anonymity of the young writer it was, aided by champagne, a large time, and much good copy was passed off into space that otherwise might have been used to enrich publishers.' Fra Elbertus made no claim that the subsequent popularity of The Red Badge was the result of this publicity. But he did feel definitely proprietary right in this modest blonde youth, wonderful heretofore only as shortstop;2 and the occasion at least served to accent their significant literary relationship, extending over some five years. This association, however, has received almost no notice from Crane's chief biographer: Thomas Beer mentions Hubbard as casual friend of Crane in New York; devotes half dozen lines to the testimonial dinner; credits the proprietor of the Philistine with accepting only two essays in manuscript (both lost before publication); and refers obliquely to Hubbard as frantic admirer whose printed comments on Crane are equivocal.3 That such an estimate of Hubbard's connections with and assistance to this early exponent of naturalism is inadequate, it is the purpose of this paper to indicate.4