Earn Profits Research Articles

The crucial role of financial intermediaries for facilitating trade among strangers

How are markets possible under conditions of anonymity and lack of repeat dealing? Many scholars consider the problem of fraud as one that must be dealt with by law, but electronic commerce firms treat the problem of online fraud as a business problem, a problem of risk management. This article documents how merchants and financial intermediaries treat fraud as a cost that can be quantified and then minimized. Just as entrepreneurs earn profits by helping meet a previously unmet market demand, entrepreneurs earn profits by helping reduce what could have been considered an unsolved legal problem. Firms have profited by using predictive analytics and various if-then algorithms to help mitigate what might otherwise be an intractable problem and help vastly expand the scope of commerce.

PENGARUH ASET LANCAR, LEVERAGE, TOTAL ASSET TURNOVER TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR PERDAGANGAN ECERAN TAHUN 2011–2015 DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of current assets, leverage, total asset turnover on profitability in Retail Trade Sub-Sector Companies in 2011-2015 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research is a quantitative study, a population of 11 issuers listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 5 consecutive years and earn profits from 2011-2015. The sample criteria used panel data with a total of 55 observations. The analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis. The independent variable of current assets, leverage, total asset turnover, dependent variable profitability. The results showed that current assets affect profitability, leverage affects profitability, while total asset turnover has no effect on profitability.

MEMPREDIKSI KINERJA KEUANGAN DENGAN MODAL INTELEKTUAL PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN TERBUKA DI BURSA EFEK JAKARTA

To overcome the competition, a company not only focuses on physical capitals, but also focuses on intellectual capitals. Company can achieve a competitive advantage and earn profit by owing intellectual capitals. Intellectual capitals rest on a potential link between intellectual capitals on one hand and corporate performance on the other hand. A company will grow up if a growing number of physical capitals in the same line with a growing number of intellectual capitals.The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate the influence of intellectual on bank performance, especially financial performance. This study uses empirical data from Indonesia Capital Market Directory 2005 issued by Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSE). This research uses quantitative analysis. The population of the research are banks listed in JSE. The hypothesis test uses regression analysis model with the degree of significance at 0.05. The main conclusion of this particular study is intellectual capitals have no influence on bank performance.

Balancing interests of actors in the ocean tuna value chain of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam

The exploitation of ocean tuna has become one of the most important fisheries, in terms of foreign income generation, in Khanh Hoa province. This paper examines the structure, conduct, and performance (SCP) of the tuna value chain within a value chain governance framework to answer the research questions: (a) what is the nature of the tuna value chain in Khanh Hoa province, (b) who are the actors involved in the ocean tuna value chain? (c) What type of market structure is in place and what is its effect on product flow and market performance. Results show that actors operate in an imperfectly competitive market and earn profits from their operation, but the intermediaries receive the most in comparison to their investment expenditure. Processing companies benefit more when they buy directly from the fishermen and they face many difficulties in exporting ocean tuna.

An Empirical Study on the Problems of the Reconstruction Charge System

An Empirical Study on the Problems of the Reconstruction Charge System

A big data Bayesian approach to earnings profitability in the S&P 500

A big data Bayesian approach to earnings profitability in the S&P 500

Cultural Spillovers: Copyright, Conceptions of Authors, and Commercial Practices

Economists, sociologists, and legal scholars agree that intellectual-property law is fundamental to markets because legal control over copying motivates creative production. But in many markets, such as fashion and databases, there is little or no intellectual-property protection, yet producers still create innovative products and earn profits. Research on such “negative spaces” in intellectual-property law reveals that social norms can constrain copying and support creative production. This insight guided our analysis of markets for American literature before the Civil War, in both magazines (a negative space, where intellectual-property law did not apply) and books (a positive space, where intellectual-property law did apply). We observed similar understandings of authors and similar commercial practices in both spaces because many authors published the same work in both spaces. Based on these observations, we propose that cultural elements that develop in positive spaces may spill over to related negative spaces, inducing changes in buyers' and sellers' behavior in negative spaces. Our historical approach also revealed nuances—shades of gray—beyond the sharp distinction typically drawn between negative and positive spaces. In the 1850s, a few large-circulation magazine publishers began to claim copyright, but many still allowed reprinting and none litigated to protect copyright.

An Empirical Analysis of Market Efficiency and Price Discovery in Indian Commodity Market

The present article is an attempt to empirically investigate the long-term market efficiency and price discovery in Indian commodity futures market. The study has been conducted with eight commodities which include two agricultural commodities, two industrial commodities, two precious metal and two energy commodities. Sophisticated statistical methods like restricted cointegration and vector error correction model (VECM) are used to analyse the spot and futures prices time series. Restricted cointegration test shows that near-month futures prices for all the commodities are cointegrated with the spot prices but futures prices of all the commodities are inefficient to predict the future spot price. Indian commodity futures market evidenced as the thinly traded market (Kumar & Pandey, 2013, Journal of Indian Business Research, 5(2), 101–121) rejects the null hypothesis of efficiency and unbiasedness for all the eight commodities which reconfirms the result of Fortenbery and Zapata (1997, Journal of Futures Markets, 17(3), 279–301). The presence of short-term biases in the Indian futures market is evidenced in the results of VECM model which indicates the presence of informational efficiency. The statistically significant value of past prices of spot and futures confirm the short-term inefficiency and biasedness. The significant value of error correction term (ECT) of futures prices suggests that commodity futures are the most important indicator of commodity price movements. The important implication of the results is for market traders. They can use the futures prices to discover the new equilibrium and earn profits by transmitting it to the spot market. The better understanding of the interconnectedness of these market would be useful for policymakers who try to establish stability in the financial markets.

PENERAPAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN BERDASARKAN SAK ETAP PADA BENGKEL EVRY SERVICE AC MOBIL KOTA LUBUKLINGGAU

The purpose of this research is To apply Financial Reporting based on SAK ETAP on Evry Service Workshop of Car Air Conditioner period 2014-2016, research type is quantitative research with approach of theory, technique of data collecting in this research is using document and observation. The data analysis technique used is quantitative data. The result of the research is for the amount of Asset Evry Service Car AC Service for Rp. 451.205.000,00 thus the assets owned as a support activity activities during the accounting period. Earnings Profit obtained Evry Service Workshop AC Car for Rp. 252.280.000,00. For cash increase in Evry Service Workshop AC Car for Rp. 309.105.000,00.From the report of changes in capital Evry Service Workshop AC The car gets an additional capital from profit plus initial capital then it can be the final capital of Rp. 377.280.000,00. The application of financial reporting based on SAK ETAP in Evry Service Car Air Conditioner Service is Income Statement in 2014 amounting to Rp.251.750.000,00, 2015 Rp.228.355.000,00 and 2016 for Rp.252.280.000,00. Statement of Changes in Equity in 2014 amounting to Rp.376.750.000,00, year 2015 of Rp.353.355.000,00 and year 2016 of Rp.377.280.000,00. The balance sheet in 2014 total assets with total liabilities and equity of Rp.431.310.000,00, year 2015 amounting to Rp.450.218.000,00 and year 2016 amounting to Rp.451.205.000,00. And Cash Flow Statement in 2014 amounting to Rp.296.750.000,00 in 2015 amounting to Rp.318.355.000,00 and 2016 for Rp.309.105.000,00.Keywords: SAK-ETAP, Financial Statements

Factors Influencing the Constraints Perceived by the Small Scale Backyard Goat Farmers

A study was carried out to analyze the constraints in the small scale backyard goat farming in Perambalur district of Tamil Nadu. The data for the study was collected from 60 backyard goat farmers’ by simple random sampling method. Backyard goat farming is largely carried out by the resource poor households for support purposes because of their low initial investment. Though the goat farmers earn profit from the goat farming they face lots of problems in day to day farming activities which reduces their income. Constraints in the various categories of goat farming were analyzed using Likert scale. Lack of knowledge about balanced feeding, non-availability of green fodder, non-availability of improved breeding bucks, higher mortality rate in kids, exploitation by middlemen, lack of willingness in youths to take up the goat farming, lack of scientific knowledge in rearing goats, attack of goats / kids by predators were perceived as major constraints in backyard goat farming. The factors influencing the intensity of constraints were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Among the eight demographic and farm related variables taken as explanatory variables, five variables viz., educational status, occupation, distance from the veterinary hospital, distance from the market and experience in the goat farming were found to be associated with the constraint score in a significant manner and other variables were statistically non-significant.

ANALISIS INTERNAL CONTROL PENJUALAN PROPERTI PADA PT. CIPUTRA INTERNASIONAL

Sales is one of the important aspects for the continuity of the company, because of the company's sales earn profit, so the system and control is very important to control the sales activity. The purpose of this research is to analyze the internal control at PT. Ciputra International. Writing method in this research use Descriptive research with data collection method that is interview and observation directly. The results of this study are expected to assist and evaluate the company in the application of sales control procedures. Based on the results of research that the application of control at PT. Ciputra International has complied with generally accepted standards where authorization systems in the sales process become the main guidelines involving marketing, financial, legal, and corporate divisions that are closely interconnected so that the system will react dynamically if there is a change in the sales process. In such cases, the control of the sales process can be controlled effectively and efficiently in accordance with the provisions that become the company's procedure.Keywords: Internal Control and Sales.

The Impact of Intangible Assets on Firms Earnings Profitability: Evidence from the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE)

The present paper examines the effects of intangible assets in the return on equity and return on assets during the period from the begging of adopting International Accounting Standards (IAS) on financial statements and before the start of the Greek economic crisis. At this paper, is trying an effort for the contribution of the Intangible Assets as a very important part of the assets of the company but still ”unmeasurable”, but definitely main account for future gains. In this research study, using a dataset of Greek listed firms in the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE) is made an attempt to investigate the hypothesis that the firms that have large intangible assets have better return on equity and better return on assets for the Greek listed companies, during the period 2004 -2009, the most significant business period for the entire greek economy and especially for the listed greek companies in the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE), just before the start of the catastrophic Greek crisis. In conclusion, this study indicates that there are accounting and auditing problems of defined, measured and disclosed intangible assets to users of financial statements. Despite these problems the importance of intangible assets will increase, as the market grows and there is a constant need to supply reliable accounting information.

STRATEGI BAURAN PEMASARAN KERAJINAN TENUN IKAT PADA CV. SILVI MN PARADILA DI DESA PARENGAN KECAMATAN MADURAN KABUPATEN LAMONGAN

The marketing mix strategy is one of the efforts undertaken by the company to increase product sales and earn profits for the company consisting of four groups, namely: product, price, promotion, and place or distribution channel. This study aims to describe the marketing mix strategy related to product, price, promotion, and place conducted by the owner of tenun ikat handicraft business of CV. Silvi MN Paradila in Parengan village, Maduran district, Lamongan regency. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. Determination of research location uses purposive area method, while the determination of subject and informant research using purposive method. Data collection uses observation methods, interviews, and documents. Data analysis used in this research is data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusion. The result of the research shows that marketing mix strategy related to product, price, promotion, and place conducted by the owner of tenun ikat handicraft business, namely: product strategy by maintaining product quality, and providing various motives. Pricing strategies are by setting the selling price of the cost of goods and profit margins and setting prices based on 3 levels: low, medium, and high. Promotional strategies are with advertising, publicity, personal selling, and direct marketing. As for the distribution is using direct and indirect distribution.

Institutional Trading Before Dividend Reduction Announcements

Using a large proprietary database of transaction-level institutional trades for the period from 1997-2011, we find that institutional investors are net sellers in dividend reduction firms during the two quarters prior to the announcements. They also trade more intensively in firms that do not prepare the market for dividend cuts or that have greater information asymmetry. Trading by both pension plan sponsors and money managers affects the market reaction to the announcements. Finally, all institutional investors earn positive profits by trading in the two quarters prior to the announcements, and money managers outperform pension plan sponsors.

Determinants of Profitability, Risk, and Efficiency for Korean and Chinese Banks

This paper investigates the determinants of profitability, risk, and efficiency for Korean and Chinese commercial banks. To conduct the empirical analysis, this study selects five nation-wide banks and six local banks in Korea, and five state-owned banks and eight joint-equity banks in China. The main regression results are as follows: First, this study finds that the important internal determinants for Korean and Chinese commercial banks are operational efficiency, management efficiency measured by overhead expenses, and operating income. GDP is the most significant external determinant. Second, the profitability of Korean banks is increased because of capital strength and operating income. For Chinese banks, operational efficiency and operating income are important determinants of profitability. Third, the risk of Korean banks is increased by bank diversification; but, for Chinese banks, the loan-deposit ratio increases banks’ risk. Fourth, for Korean banks, bank size has a positive influence on efficiency, while for Chinese banks liquidity and capital strength have a positive impact on efficiency. In conclusion, both Korean and Chinese banks have common and different determinants of profitability, risk and efficiency depending on their specific situation. This study is preliminary tests for Korean banks on how to team up with Chinese banks to expand markets and earn profits. Furthermore, forward-looking efforts should be made to strengthen Korean banks’ influence in global market based on this results.

MEMPREDIKSI KINERJA KEUANGAN DENGAN MODAL INTELEKTUAL PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN TERBUKA DI BURSA EFEK JAKARTA

To overcome the competition, a company not only focuses on physical capitals, but also focuses on intellectual capitals. Company can achieve a competitive advantage and earn profit by owing intellectual capitals. Intellectual capitals rest on a potential link between intellectual capitals on one hand and corporate performance on the other hand. A company will grow up if a growing number of physical capitals in the same line with a growing number of intellectual capitals.The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate the influence of intellectual on bank performance, especially financial performance. This study uses empirical data from Indonesia Capital Market Directory 2005 issued by Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSE). This research uses quantitative analysis. The population of the research are banks listed in JSE. The hypothesis test uses regression analysis model with the degree of significance at 0.05. The main conclusion of this particular study is intellectual capitals have no influence on bank performance.

Novel Hybrid Evolutionary Game Theory and Differential Evolution Solution to Generator Bidding Strategies with Unit Commitment Constraints in Energy and Ancillary Service Markets

This paper proposes a solution to generator bidding strategy using a novel hybrid Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) and Differential Evolution (DE) method. In restructured power system, the generating companies (GENCOs) have an opportunity to compete in energy and ancillary services markets and earn profits. This competition creates a complicated situation to System Operator (SO) in the market clearing process. This paper attempts to maximize GENCOs profit with incomplete information by adopting optimal bidding strategies in energy and ancillary service markets while considering unit commitment constraints. Supply Function Equilibrium (SFE) model is employed to compute GENCOs profit. Nash Equilibrium points were calculated in the first stage by using Evolutionary Game Theory and then optimal bidding strategies were found with the help of Differential Evolution method. Evolutionary Game Theory is best suited for GENCOs bidding strategies but leads to slow convergence due to a large number of variables. So, a novel hybrid method involving Evolutionary Game Theory with Differential Evolution is proposed in this paper. The proposed method to solve bidding strategies is employed on WSCC 9 and New England 39 bus test systems to demonstrate its merits.

Earnings and bank profitability in Nigeria

Bank earnings in form of retained profit help in the capital formation of banks. This is critical because capital inadequacy is often a cause of bank failures. During the banking crisis in Nigeria the gross earnings of many banks diminished considerably due to frauds and bad management. For example, in 2009 the Central Bank of Nigeria revoked the operating licences of fourteen banks which had huge nonperforming loans and were making losses. The fragility in the Nigerian banking system in the 1990s and beyond was compounded due to wide spread poor corporate governance practices and imprudent lending that led to the erosion of gross earnings and profitability. The study employed the exploratory research design. Data analyses were done through description statistics and the regression technique using the statistical package for the social sciences. The regression result was Y = 4.926 + 1.877x meaning that with an increase of 1 percent in gross earnings bank profitability increases by 1.88 percent. This is the crux of the study.

Malted Health Food Drinks: The Ultimate Substitute of Food Supplements in Indian Market

Dietary Supplements are defined as any product that can be taken by mouth that contains a dietary ingredient intended to supplement a diet. Dietary ingredients in these products may include vitamins, minerals, herbs, or other botanicals, amino acids, and substances such as enzymes, organ tissues, glandulars, and metabolites. Malted health food drink in India comes under FMCG-nutraceutical market. All marketing companies aim to satisfy consumer and then earn profit and it is also true with malted health food drink market. So, consumer plays a vital role in the health of economy local, national and international. Experiential and emotional approaches of marketing are key strategies for the firms. These are new approaches where companies offer their products to consumers as per their emotional and experiential appetite. Malted health food drinks are very much linked with health related issues and emotional and experiential marketing is core approach for selling these products to the consumers. This paper tries to explain these concepts of marketing with special reference to malted health food drink.

Identifying the performance drivers of wastewater treatment plants through conditional order-m efficiency analysis

In European countries, wastewater treatment service is often provided by utilities, which have to comply with environmental laws and, at the same time, should control costs in order to restrain tariff growth and earn profits. By applying a conditional order-m efficiency method, this study provides some insights to the operational variables affecting the efficiency of 137 plants owned by a water utility operating in Tuscany, Italy. These performance drivers are categorized as: 1) wastewater features, 2) plant technology, 3) other plant features, 4) output quality, and 5) sludge disposal method. Starting from some controversial results from prior literature, this paper provides some useful insights on the best policies that could be adopted by a utility to catch cost savings.