Early Recollections Research Articles

Early Recollections and the Use of Artificial Intelligence

Early Recollections and the Use of Artificial Intelligence

Past, Present, and Future Movement in Early Recollection Work

ABSTRACT: This article offers a view of working with early recollections (ERs) in therapy while incorporating encouragement, reconstruction, and movement between the past, present, and future. Adler saw ERs as stories representing individuals’ “life stories,” meaning their lifestyles (personalities). As metaphoric narratives, ERs also reflect current experiences and emotions. Working with ERs in therapy provides the therapist and client with opportunities for encouragement, growth, and awareness. Engaging with ERs invites varied, creative paths for development and insight. They may be used as an ongoing and interactive tool for assessment and therapeutic interventions. This article presents a process of moving from the past to the present and back to the past by reconstructing an ER. Using the client’s wisdom from the present in the reconstruction opens a significant window to future change and allows the client to expand their perceptions.

Subjectivity and Individual Psychology

ABSTRACT: Individual Psychology represents a subjective psychology. This article examines Adler’s Individual Psychology conceptualization of subjectivity. Adler emphasized that individuals’ creative power engenders subjective processes that generate lifestyle and guide individuals’ perceptions and actions through life. The article integrates concepts related to subjectivity, including apperception, perception, point of view, private logic, goals, lifestyle, theory of use, early recollections, relationships, and the law of movement. The discussion emphasizes the theoretical and practical view of subjectivity in Individual Psychology. It suggests understanding subjectivity as a theoretical concept and as a functional constituent of lifestyle that connects cognition and personal goals and strategies, guiding individuals’ movement in life.

Career counselors’ experiential reflections on early recollections in career construction counseling

AbstractMany studies validate career construction counseling (CCC); however, counselors’ experiences of using early recollections (ERs) in CCC have garnered little research attention. Preliminary research among career counselors in Norway has revealed skepticism about using ERs, owing to aspects such as associations with therapy. Therefore, this study examines career counselors’ experiential reflections on using ERs in CCC. Through thematic analysis of multistage focus group interviews from action research with 16 career counselors, their experiential reflections on using ERs in CCC were identified. Necessary awareness for using ERs in CCC is discussed, and the study indicates career counselors’ raised awareness regarding role understanding and a need for promoting career counselors’ emotional and narrative competences. A dual training process is suggested, combining being counseled using CCC with both theoretical and practical training along with a professional community for reflections. Practical implications and limitations are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.

"Sitting in the back seat": The convergence of early recollections, self and others, and low socioeconomic class.

This qualitative study examines the links between early recollections, self and others, and low socioeconomic class. Early recollections—specific memories from childhood—illustrate individuals’ core concepts about self and life. Social class is a cultural context that affects psychological processes. We conducted semistructured interviews with 12 low socioeconomic status participants and elicited at least 3 early recollections per participant (totaling 42 recollections). Themes that emerged from analysis of the early recollections include divided reality; creating meaning in the present (including enjoying life and making do with what one has); a parental role of admiration, security, and compensation; and social interest. We regard these strategies as creative assets and mechanisms to deal with a lack of control and resources, sense of constraint, and hierarchical and classed society. We encourage educational and therapeutic frameworks to recognize these assets as facets of psychological and cultural capital.

Tastes Like War by Grace M. Cho

Reviewed by: Tastes Like War by Grace M. Cho Sunhay You (bio) Tastes Like War, by Grace M. Cho. New York: Feminist Press, 2021, 296 pp. ISBN: 9781952177941. An “unintended sequel” to Haunting the Korean Diaspora, Grace Cho’s memoir, Tastes Like War, engages in a sociological mode of storytelling (6). Her voice is familiar, evoking the autoethnographic portions of her first book: an “experimental writing voice . . . intended to show the mixing up of fact and fiction, of self and other, so neither a discreet narrator nor a clear storyline is always [End Page 143] present” (203). True to her commitments to unraveling the limits of a discreet authorial subject, Cho weaves together Korean recipes, psychological texts, history, personal anecdotes, and dreams to uncover the tacit knowledge that lies in the wake of her mother’s schizophrenia. The memoir peels away at the insights of her first book, revealing another US imperial structure of shame and secrecy besides the military bride: mental disability. In the opening prologue, Cho claims that she was raised by at least three different mothers. The mother of her early childhood is a charismatic entrepreneur who sells foraged wild blackberries while supporting other racial minorities. Cho’s teenage years mark the onset of her mother’s schizophrenia, when she becomes a “prisoner to the voices that told her to stop doing the things she used to do” (3). In her thirties, Cho begins to observe her mother's vivacious qualities return while teaching Cho how to cook Korean food. The breaks in these three mothers organize the breaks between parts 2 to 4 of the memoir, the prologue and part 1 offering the sociological framework to her storytelling. As Cho cites throughout the first section, theories on the relationship between mental disability and structures of racial-sexual violence are relatively new. While research on schizophrenia from the 1970s and 80s explains the condition as “the result of a bad gene,” more recent studies suggest that schizophrenia is symptomatic of a social disease as much as a biological anomaly (4). Referring to T. M. Lurhmann’s 2016 study Our Most Troubling Madness: Studies in Schizophrenia, Cho explains that five of the six risk factors associated with schizophrenia apply to her mother: low socioeconomic status, childhood adversity, physical or sexual trauma, immigration, and “being a person of color in a white neighborhood” (56). Indeed, besides narratives of her mother’s passage to the United States as a military bride, many of Cho’s early recollections of her mother take place in Chehalis, Washington. She notes that the city is known for having hosted a regional meeting of approximately seventy thousand members of the KKK in 1924, a legacy of white supremacy that continues today. Cho’s mother grows especially paranoid about being a target of “the John Birch Society, a radical right-wing organization founded in 1958 and named after an American who had been killed by the Chinese at the end of World War II” (136). Through these details,Cho demonstrates how her mother’s experiences of racial-sexual violence undergird developments in her schizophrenic paranoia, which would later confine her to the home, the curtains drawn and cabinets closed on a dwindling supply of food. In part 3, Cho delves into the structural obstacles she faced as a teenager trying to help her mother in the absence of such a nuanced understanding of schizophrenia. A doctor at the local mental health center told her that if her mother was in danger of hurting someone, the police could force her mother [End Page 144] to seek treatment. Given her age and inability to convince her mother of her schizophrenia, Cho resorts to calling the police after aggravating one of her mother’s schizophrenic episodes. This event plants a seed of mistrust that casts a shadow over Cho’s future attempts to care for her mother. These careful and honest observations present a wide-spanning cognitive map of institutional structures, histories, and cultural forces that have impacted her mother's mental health as a military bride. Anecdotes about the healing power of food interrupt the more daunting stories of racial-sexual violence that give shape to her mother...

Clarification of Mathematical Sensibilities in Adlerian Psychology

This article presents mathematical concepts the author considers inherent in Adler’s Individual Psychology. Namely, the affinity of concepts shared between calculus and Adlerian psychology derived from the viewpoint and explanations presented by Marina Bluvshtein. First, the author considers the difference between Adler’s law of movement and Newton’s law of motion. Second, the author considers the idea of limit as inherent in the Adlerian law of movement. Third, the mathematical idea of double limit appears through a pursuit of belongingness. Finally, the concept of integration is discussed in connection with early recollections.

Kariyer Yapılandırma Görüşmesi ile Anlam Oluşturma: Bir Vaka Çalışması

This study examined (a) what changes career construction counseling used the Career Construction Interview (CCI), integrated with Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) brought about on the client (b) how the IPR uncovered insights and unspoken inner experiences during career counseling, and (c) how the CCI prompted the solutions for client’s career problem. The study based on a case study with 24 years-old, the fourth-year student in a private university. Findings revealed that (a) examining role models, early recollections and motto during the CCI uncovered self-awareness and insights about the self, career indecision and motivation needed for the vocational future, (b) the IPR revealed values, the role of significant people on career decision process of the client and the need for approval from them, and (c) the CCI contributed the client’s career decision making process, motivation and taking an action. The study verified the use of the CCI and the IPR in career counseling process, theoretically and brought new, dynamic and meaning making methods to career counseling practices in higher education.

Was this career shaped by people or by chance?

Abstract This paper discusses the people and events that influenced my career and the lessons I learnt along the way. In this essay I attempt to pass these lessons on to others. Born and growing up in Cape Town, from my earliest recollections at the age of four I have wanted to be associated with fish and the sea. My first mentor was the Professor of Zoology at the University of Cape Town, who gave me the opportunity to go to sea on the University research ship, and later to join the International Indian Ocean Expedition where I met others who influenced me. Then a postdoctoral fellowship in Nova Scotia led me to meet Ken Mann, a SCOR working group, and a series of wonderful colleagues and friends. The contribution of each of these to my development is discussed, along with the lessons learned. The friends I have made on my journey in marine science and my academic family of former students have enriched my life enormously and if I had my life again, I would have it no other way.

Gaṅgeśa on Absence in Retrospect

Cases of past absence (prāṅnâstitāsthala) involve agents noticing in retrospect that an object or property was absent, such as when one notices later that a colleague was not at a talk. In Sanskrit philosophy, such cases are introduced by Kumārila as counterexamples to the claim that knowledge of absence (abhāva) is perceptual (pratyakṣa), but further take on a life of their own as a topic of inquiry among Kumārila’s commentators and their Nyāya interlocutors. In this essay, I examine the Nyāya philosopher Gaṅgeśa’s epistemology of past absence, according to which agents learn that a recollectable (smaraṇârha) object or property was absent by inferring its past absence from failing to recall (asmaraṇa) that object or property. Gaṅgeśa’s account is best appreciated against the backdrop of earlier theories and their shortcomings, and I begin by presenting historical views leading up to his. I identify two groups of views about the epistemology of past absence: recollection views, according to which cases of past absence involve agents recalling negative information; and recollection failure views, according to which cases of past absence involve agents failing to recall positive information. I reconstruct two early recollection views: a Bhāṭṭa view belonging to Uṃveka, and a competing Nyāya view belonging to Jayanta and Bhāsarvajña. I then examine Śālikanātha and Sucarita’s critiques of recollection views, following which I reconstruct a Bhāṭṭa recollection failure view belonging to Pārthasārathi. I then examine Gaṅgeśa’s critiques of Pārthasārathi’s account and the recollection failure view he constructs out of its shortcomings.

Anxious Attachment Mediates the Associations Between Early Recollections of Mother's Own Parental Bonding and Mother-Infant Bonding: A 2-Month Path Analysis Model.

Parental bonding (recollection of own parents' parenting), adult attachment, and mother–infant bonding are all closely related yet distinct concepts of the parent–child relationship, sometimes used interchangeably in the literature. This study aimed to examine the associations between these concepts in a longitudinal path analysis design. A total of 262 postpartum women who gave birth at the maternity ward of a large tertiary health center in Israel completed a demographic questionnaire, the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR), the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) at 1–4 days postpartum, and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) at 2 months postpartum. Parental care factor (PBI) was found to be associated with mother–infant bonding (PBQ), directly and indirectly through insecure anxious attachment (ECR). Denial of autonomy factor (PBI) was found to be associated with mother–infant bonding (PBQ) only through insecure anxious attachment (ECR). Encouragement of behavioral freedom factor (PBI) was found to be associated with mother–infant bonding (PBQ) in a simple correlation but not in the complete model. The results highlight the intergenerational aspects of parenting and suggest that early childhood interventions with parents may have a long-term impact on child-rearing though generations, and by that on children's development.

An Experience of Entitlement: The Intersection of High Socioeconomic Status, Self, and Early Recollections

AbstractThis qualitative study explores the links between high socioeconomic class, self, and adults’ early recollections. Social class affects psychological functioning and the concept of self. Early recollections—specific memories from childhood—depict individuals’ core concepts about self and life. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 14 high‐socioeconomic‐status participants and elicited at least 3 early recollections per participant (resulting in a total of 50 recollections). Themes that emerged from analysis of the early recollections include a capacity for controlling reality, sense of entitlement, and self‐focus. Sense of entitlement includes the categories of uniqueness, deserving special attention, and taking a critical stand. We view these characteristics as both personal assets and expressions of a collective class‐related superior sense of self. We suggest that together, these qualities serve as a mechanism for cultivating privileges and an elite sense of self. We encourage increased awareness and sensitivity toward the multifaceted power of these resources in educational and therapeutic settings. [social class, self, early recollection, sense of entitlement]חווית זכאות: המפגש בין מעמד סוציו אקונומי גבוה, העצמי וזכרונות מוקדמיםתקציר:מחקר איכותני זה בוחן את היחסים בין מעמד סוציו אקונומי גבוה, מושג‐העצמי וזכרונות מוקדמים של מבוגרים. מעמד חברתי נמצא במחקרים קודמים כקשור במושג העצמי ובתפקוד פסיכולוגי. זכרונות מוקדמים, זכרונות ספציפיים מתקופת הילדות, מייצגים את תפיסות הפרט לגבי העצמי ולגבי החיים. קיימנו ראיונות חצי מובנים עם 14 משתתפים מהמעמד הסוציו אקונומי הגבוה, ואספנו לפחות שלושה זכרונות מוקדמים מכל משתתף (סה”כ חמישים זכרונות). התימות שהופיעו בנתונים כוללות את היכולת לשלוט במציאות, תחושת זכאות ומיקוד בעצמי. תחושת זכאות כוללת קטגוריות של ייחודיות, זכאות לתשומת לב מיוחדת, ונקיטת עמדה ביקורתית. אנו רואים מאפיינים אילו הן כמשאבים אישיים, והן כביטויים של תפיסת עצמ הקשורה למעמד. אנו מציעים שאיכויות אילו ביחד משמשים כמנגנון המטפח תפיסת עצמי אליטיסטית.

가계도와 초기회상을 통한 자기분석 집단상담 예비 연구: 초심상담자를 중심으로

본 연구의 목적은 Bowen의 가계도와 Adler의 초기회상을 활용한 자기분석 집단상담 프로그램을 개발하고, 초심상담자들에게 예비실시한 후 그 효과 및 진행 경험을 질적으로 평가하는 것이다. 이를 위해 선행연구를 고찰하여 구조화된 프로그램을 구성하였고 2018년 8월 Y상담센터에서 2회 예비실시하였다. 총 10명의 참여자는 세대 전이된 만성 불안, 분화수준, 정서 패턴, 생활양식을 탐색하여 자신을 더 이해하게 되었으며 분석과정을 학습할 수 있었다. 진행 경험에 대한 평가와 본 연구의 한계 및 제언에 대해 논하였다. 본 연구는 초심상담자들에게 가족과 개인 차원에서 접근하는 자기분석 집단상담을 소개한 점과 향후 자기분석 프로그램 개발에 기초자료를 제공한 데 그 의의가 있다.

Using early recollections to explore personality trait, self-efficacy, and insight in depressive patients

Objective: Early life experience forms a template for the self-perception of an individual, and negative representations make individuals vulnerable to depression. To explore the deep inner world of patients with depression using objective early life experience measures is not easy. In the present study, we intended to clarify the use of subjective early recollections (ER) in exploring the inner world of depressive patients. Methods: We interviewed 80 depressive inpatients with ER and evaluated whether they had a feeling sense of belonging to their caregivers, and whether they had a positive self-image. They were also assessed using the Taiwanese version Type D Scale-14, Chinese version General Self-efficacy Scale, the Taiwanese version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and Insight Interview. Results: Independent t-test was used to test the significant differences between feeling belonging/not feeling belonging groups and between positive or negative self-image groups on the variables of Type D personality traits, self-efficacy, illness insight, and comorbid psychiatric disorders with effect sizes ranging from 0.4 to 1.3. Conclusion: Our study showed that ER could function as a window through which depressive patients' inner life. Thus, we suggested that ER can be considered an important part of the clinical assessment methods for depressive patients.

Integrating Mindfulness Into Adlerian Theory and Practice

Integrating Mindfulness Into Adlerian Theory and Practice Bengu Erguner-Tekinalp, Guest Editor Contemplative practices such as mindfulness and meditation have gained momentum in therapy, education, organizational psychology, and research. A growing body of research demonstrates that secular contemplative practices such as mindfulness meditation have a positive impact on an individual’s mental and physical well-being, learning, as well as building a sense of community and interconnectedness (i.e., Hick & Bien, 2008; Rodríguez-Carvajal et al., 2016; Trautwein et al., 2016). Recent research also demonstrates the impact of mindfulness practices on therapists’ effectiveness (Bibeau et al., 2016). Mindfulness practices support personal development, mental health, and community feeling by increasing the ability to concentrate even in the presence of internal and external distractions and helping to reduce stress and anxiety. Mindfulness practices are especially connected with social interest, as both Adlerian theory and mindfulness and meditation emphasize interconnectedness. This special issue demonstrates various ways of integrating mindfulness into Adlerian practice. Integrating mindfulness into Adlerian practice is not a new idea; however, it is a less explored area of study. The late Dr. Jon Carlson was a trailblazer in bringing the discussion of mindfulness and meditation to the theory and practice of Individual Psychology. In 2011, Dr. Carlson coauthored with Englar-Carlson and Emavardhana an article on integrating Buddhism with Adlerian therapy, “Was Adler From Bangkok? Applying an Adlerian-Buddhist Approach in Thailand,” which can be considered the first exploration of how mindfulness and meditation align with Adlerian theory and practice. In their later article in 2012, Adlerian theory and mindfulness were explored in the context of Thailand. Dr. Carlson continued to show the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in his later work, and his writings set the vision and gave the courage for this special issue. [End Page 389] We have many articles in this special issue that provide theoretical background and context, explore mindfulness in the Adlerian framework, and show the integration of mindfulness into clinical practice. It is noteworthy that all these articles were written when our worlds were turned upside down as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and global crisis. When we were all adjusting to working from home while homeschooling our children, delivering courses online, and making changes in our conference and other travel plans, our authors carved out the time to contribute to the Individual Psychology scholarship. The special issue opens with Rocky Garrison’s article, which provides the cultural and theoretical context for the issue. As most mindfulness practices in the West are rooted in Buddhist teachings, understanding the cultural foundation of mindfulness will decrease the risk of cultural appropriation. Garrison provides historical background and philosophical under pinnings of Buddhist mindfulness practices. Leslie White’s article brings Alfred Adler’s own early recollections and demonstrates how Adler used his early recollections to be more mindful of his perceptions, behavior, and lifestyle. This article can provide guidance for Adlerian practitioners to explore early recollections mindfully. Marina Bluvshtein, Sara Saeedi, Noah DeBruyn, and Karen Leta Gillespie present a theoretical framework and a case study that integrates mindfulness and metaphors by bringing an under standing of brain pathways and functions involved in the development of Gemeinschaftsgefühl. Exploring the relationships of mindfulness, therapeutic metaphors, and brain functioning within Individual Psychology, especially connection in Gemeinschaftsgefühl, can guide practitioners and future research. Lilya Shienko’s article reviews mindfulness practices in Adlerian therapy as an alternative to medical treatment of depression. The article by Rebecca Dickinson and Ellen Daly demonstrates how to incorporate mindfulness into Adlerian play therapy. The last two articles are not directly related to mindfulness, but they both provide intriguing applications of Individual Psychology. Danny McCarty and Erin Kern Popejoy offer a creative study of tattoo narratives and Adlerian concepts in their article “Social Interest and the Purposive Nature of Tattoos.” The final article, by Paul Rasmussen and Stephen Taylor, discusses the link between adaptive reorientation training and acceptance and commitment therapy. I am excited that this special issue continues the legacy set by Dr. Carlson by exploring ways to integrate mindfulness in Adlerian theory and practice. I am hoping that the articles will help educators, academicians, practitioners, coaches, parent educators, and therapists in...

Use of Early Recollections to Treat Body-Image Dissatisfaction in Gay and Bisexual Men

Body-image dissatisfaction (BID) is increasingly a concern among men, with gay and bisexual men (GBM) at particular risk. Mental health professionals are in a position to counsel this population; however, many are not adequately trained to treat BID in GBM. Interventions to treat BID in GBM are often excluded from mental health scholarship. To address this gap, this article describes how to implement early recollections (ERs) to unmask themes and meaning of BID among GBM. Theoretical foundations of ERs are reviewed, and a case vignette is examined to illustrate how to implement and analyze ERs.

The Use of Early Recollections in Adlerian Psychotherapy: Evidence in Neuroscience Research

The Use of Early Recollections in Adlerian Psychotherapy: Evidence in Neuroscience Research

Longitudinal changes in trauma narratives over the first year and associations with coping and mental health

BackgroundThe structure of trauma memories impacts mental health, but questions remain about how structure changes with time and may shape coping with trauma. This study considered the structure of trauma narratives collected during an emergency department (ED) visit and at one-year follow-up. We addressed change in narrative structure over time, the extent structure predicted twelve-month psychological symptoms, and possible mechanisms in coping responses. MethodsSixty-eight community adults (age range 18-67; 41% women) recruited from a trauma center ED provided narratives of the traumatic event that brought them to the ED. Participants provided multiple follow-up reports on psychological symptoms and coping strategies, and another narrative of the traumatic event at twelve months. ResultsNarrative structure improved over time. Baseline narrative structure was negatively associated with twelve-month depressive and posttraumatic symptoms. Two measures of trauma narrative structure—interpretive elaboration and coherence—predicted change in coping strategies. Interpretive elaboration (rich details of the subjective experience) promoted early gains in endorsed engagement and later declines in endorsed disengagement. Coherence (the overall thematic structure of the narrative) buffered participant endorsement of disengagement at earlier follow-ups. Engagement was tied with fewer reported symptoms, whereas disengagement was associated with higher reported symptoms. Coping served as a mediator between baseline narrative structure and later mental health. LimitationsThe study sample was relatively small and depended on self-reports for symptoms. ConclusionsFindings suggest there is meaningful variability in trauma memory structure, and early recollections of traumatic experiences may improve targeting of individuals in need of active interventions.

Alfred Adler Sesquicentennial: The Timeliness Revisited

Alfred Adler Sesquicentennial: The Timeliness Revisited Marina Bluvshtein This is a special issue published in the first quarter of a very special year—marking 150 years since Adler was born in Vienna on February 7, 1870. In 1970, during the centennial celebrations of Alfred Adler, Willard and Marguerite Beecher concluded their “Memorial to Dr. Alfred Adler” with the following: “He needs no adulation since his work speaks for him to each of us differently in a language of its own” (p. 5). A goal of this issue is not to worship but to honor Adler’s life and his legacy—in many languages. As a reader, you will hear many more voices than what you would usually experience when reading other issues of the journal. All together, 28 authors have contributed to this issue. There is a full-length article (“Adlerian Theory and Practice Wisdom Promote Democratic Leadership and Organizational Health,” by John), shorter essays (“The ‘Un-understood’: Adler’s Grasp of Unconscious,” by Prinsloo and Qu), an interview (“Adler’s Theory and Therapy as a River: A Brief Discussion of the Profound Influence of Alfred Adler,” by Watts and Bluvshtein), and a poem (“I Am an Adlerian,” by O’Leary). You will hear about the continuation of Adler’s legacy in Europe (“Looking Back on the Development of Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology in Parts of Europe on the 150th Anniversary of His Birth,” by Eife, Ferrero, Neudecker, and Prina) and successful efforts to create evidence-based therapy consistent with Adlerian theory in the United States (“Adlerian Therapy Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow,” by Len Sperry). You will read inspiring stories about Sophia J. de Vries (“An Inspiring Legacy: Sophia J. de Vries,” by Stein) and Rudolf Dreikurs (“The Contribution of Rudolf Dreikurs to the Theory and Practice of Individual Psychology,” by Abramson). You will read a passionate tribute to Adler’s legacy by the current president of the North American Society of Adlerian Psychology (“Celebrating 150 Years: A President’s Perspective,” by Belangee) and will revisit Adler’s life with his biographer (“Alfred Adler: The Man Who Understood Superheroes,” by [End Page 1] Click for larger view View full resolution Alfred Adler in California, 1936. A photo from the Adler University Archives, donated by Dr. Penny Silvers, Professor of Education, Dominican University (niece of Evelyn Feldman Roth, Adler’s secretary). Hoffman). You will enrich your knowledge in discussions by veteran Adlerian researchers and practitioners (“Adler’s Motivational Theory: An Historical Perspective on Belonging and the Fundamental Human Striving,” by Dreikurs Ferguson, and “Are Alfred Adler and Rudolf Dreikurs Relevant for Parents Today?,” by Bettner) as well as—in a brave attempt to swim in Adler as a river, quoting Richard E. Watts—by those who had different theoretical upbringings (“And They Lived Happily Ever After: An Intimate Closeness of Systems and Adlerian Theories in the Case of a Transgender Couple,” by Brown and co authors). You will enjoy writings by authors with a wide range of years devoted to studying Adlerian psychology, from graduate students (Londergan, a coauthor of “And They Lived Happily Ever After”) to professors with decades of Adlerian practice (“The Miracle of Early Recollections in Adlerian Psychotherapy and Supervision,” by Shifron, and “Adler’s Original Contributions to Psychology,” by Griffith and Maybell). You will revisit some unfinished philosophical business (“The Fourth and Fifth Life Tasks as Existential Challenges,” by Linden) and be invited to tackle new clinical challenges (“Adler’s Interview Questions: Incorporating Diversity and [End Page 2] Sociocultural Contexts Holistically,” by Johnson- Migalski and co authors). Though not named in any particular article, Adler University Senior Director of Library and Learning Services Ariel Orlov and students Noah DeBruyn, Neena Mathew, and Shannon Zofkie have contributed to this special issue in its many tasks, and so they belong to this issue, too. I would like to encourage you to read the authors’ biographies to grasp a full cultural experience of each author and to listen to the many accents fully present in this issue of the English-language journal—with authors from Austria, China, Germany, Great Britain, Israel, Italy, Switzerland, and many states in the United States. In doing so, please remember that Adler, too, spoke...

The Miracle of Early Recollections in Adlerian Psychotherapy and Supervision

The Miracle of Early Recollections in Adlerian Psychotherapy and Supervision