Early Leaders Research Articles

Introduction to the Issue

The articles in this issue explore different possibilities for the education of young adolescents. There is one research study, and there are two descriptions. Perry and colleagues wrote about information they collected as they planned to propose a new middle grades program. Teacher candidates’ perceptions about middle grades students and teachers are included. These perceptions informed recommendations for teacher education programs. Casler-Failing and colleagues reported on their collaboration with a local Boys and Girls Club to enhance STEM experiences for young adolescents. The authors selected several topics of instruction to engage young adolescents in hands-on STEM learning with culturally relevant teaching and learning and with strong literacy connections. Multiple examples of tasks, several resources, and recommendations for readers are included. Ruppert and Swaim provide historical context for middle level education. In explaining how the first edition of This We Believe came to be, Swaim noted several key figures and moments in the history of middle level education. We can see how these early leaders in the field came together to forge a vision for middle level education—to see possibilities for the education of young adolescents. Thank you as always to reviewers for their insights and feedback for authors. Special continued thanks to Jennifer Gerrald for her expertise with publishing each issue. Amanda Wall, Editor

Review: Standing with Standing Rock: Voices from the #NoDAPL Movement, edited by Nick Estes and Jaskiran Dhillon

Review: <i>Standing with Standing Rock: Voices from the #NoDAPL Movement</i>, edited by Nick Estes and Jaskiran Dhillon

Steady Habits in the Constitution State: Connecticut's Inequitable System of Representation, 1639–1965

Steady Habits in the Constitution State: Connecticut's Inequitable System of Representation, 1639–1965

Biography: Arthur Lawrence Norberg (1938–2021)

The history of the computing community lost one of its early leaders in September 2021 with the passing of Arthur Norberg [1]. He was born in 1938 into a working-class Irish family in Providence, RI. He attended on scholarship a private religious academy as a high school student, where he did well in the topics that interested him, in particular English literature and history. From age twelve, and for the rest of his life until his retirement, he worked—often working full time while he was in college and graduate school. During college, for example, he worked summers in his father's jewelry salvage business.

Information Representation and Knowledge Organization in Cultural Heritage Institutions in Arabian Gulf: A Comparative Case Study

This paper presents the exploratory study conducted with the goal of developing an understanding of the current state of information representation and knowledge organisation in cultural heritage collections in Arabian Gulf countries and perspectives for future developments. This comparative case study focused on three institutions (an archive, an academic library, and a museum), including early adopters and leaders in digital archiving in the region. The mixed-methods research combined semi-structured interviews with in-depth comparative content analysis of metadata records that represent items in institutions’ collections. Despite the limitations of the small-sample analysis, this exploratory case study makes a substantial contribution to research and practice. It is the first study to evaluate information representation and knowledge organisation practices in cultural heritage collections of Arabian Gulf countries. This study also can inform planning and implementation of the large-scale study of the state and perspectives of information representation and knowledge organisation across digital and physical collections of libraries, museums, and archives in the region. Suggestions for future research are included. Practical implications of the study include empirical support for the need for metadata training, developing and documenting metadata creation guidelines and crosswalks, collection and use of feedback from users and knowledge management professionals to improve information representation and knowledge organisation. Results also provide insights into interoperability potential of metadata for future regional, national and international aggregations of cultural heritage digital collections across the Arabian Gulf region.

Who delays climate action? Interest groups and coalitions in state legislative struggles in the United States

Gridlock and rollback in Washington have led to a turn to the states for action on climate change in the U.S. The state of Massachusetts presents a particularly puzzling case, since it was an early leader with binding emissions targets, but the succeeding dozen years saw most ambitious efforts stalled or watered down. We collected 1187 pieces of legislative testimony, 4126 reported lobbying visits, and interviews with and input from over fifty experts. Based on their lobbying reports and testimony in legislative hearings, we systematically characterize the legislative interests of nine main coalitions engaged in Massachusetts energy politics. We find that climate and clean energy advocates have few reliable allies and face four coalitions of opponents from the utilities, real estate, power generators, and fossil fuel and chemical industries. Our analysis indicates the central role utilities play in blocking the most ambitious clean energy legislation, and how they remodel those bills that survive the process into forms favorable to their interests.

Supervisors as definers of a new middle-level managers’ leadership model: Typology of four middle-level leadership prototypes in early childhood education

ABSTRACT Much research is concerned with the contribution of middle-level management in the education system. Yet, little research has been devoted to investigating supervisors’ considerations in outlining job definitions of middle-level managers, and how these elements shape diverse middle-level managers’ leadership models. This study draws on role theory to understand supervisors’ contribution to the design of middle-level management roles, with emphasis on leadership styles. Data included 25 interviews with preschool superintendents who appointed new middle-level managers in the role of early childhood leaders. Based on the interviews, we identified four types of middle-level leadership models: pedagogical, supportive, change, and administrative.

A Study on Xiang Ying’s Revolutionary Activities in Wuhan During the Great Revolution

Xiang Ying was an outstanding proletarian revolutionary, a famous activist of the worker movement, one of the early leaders of the Party and the Red Army, one of the founders and main leaders of the New Fourth Army, and a famous general of the anti-Japanese resistance. During the period of the Great Revolution, Xiang Ying’s revolutionary activities in Wuhan were mainly in the following three areas: 1. joining the Great Revolution in response to the Northern Expedition; 2. leading the worker pickets to recover the British Concession in Hankow; 3. participating in the “Five Great Conferences” of the Chinese Communist Party. It was precisely because he had firm revolutionary ideals and beliefs that he was able to struggle fearlessly and enthusiastically in the various difficult and dangerous revolutionary struggles that followed. We must remember the nature and purpose of the Party and its original mission, pay tribute to and learn from the revolutionary martyrs, struggle unremittingly and forever, and march forward on the new journey of building a modern socialist country, towards the second century of struggle and the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!

In Memoriam: José Baselga's Journey in Cancer Medicine.

In Memoriam: José Baselga's Journey in Cancer Medicine.

Review: Shaker Vision: Seeing Beauty in Early America

Review: <i>Shaker Vision: Seeing Beauty in Early America</i>

Building a Coaching Culture-The Roles of Coaches, Mentors, and Sponsors.

Building a Coaching Culture-The Roles of Coaches, Mentors, and Sponsors.

Westinghouse EMACK Railgun

Westinghouse Electric Corporation was the early leader in railgun technology in the 1980s and developed the 16 to 30 MJ stored energy homopolar-generator (HPG) powered system, EMACK, which provided the highest muzzle energy of any railgun from 1982 to 1988 during testing at Westinghouse Research and Development Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, and after installation at ARDEC, Picatinny, NJ, USA. Details of the design, components, and fabrication of EMACK are provided here, and results from the abbreviated initial testing are included. Many scientists, engineers and technical staff who worked on the project described here some 30 to 40+ years ago have by now mostly retired, moved on to other activities, or sadly, in several cases, are deceased. However, it would be remiss if their pioneering efforts were not recognized, and this article attempts to do that. Prospects for future energy storage and pulsed power developments using HPGs and more recent developments are also discussed.

AHA Now Accepting Submissions for the 2022 C. Ronald Stephen, MD, Anesthesia History Essay Contest

Article| May 2021 AHA Now Accepting Submissions for the 2022 C. Ronald Stephen, MD, Anesthesia History Essay Contest Alberto J. de Armendi, MD, PhD, MBA Alberto J. de Armendi, MD, PhD, MBA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ASA Monitor May 2021, Vol. 85, 23. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASM.0000751500.04577.e3 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Search Site Citation Alberto J. de Armendi; AHA Now Accepting Submissions for the 2022 C. Ronald Stephen, MD, Anesthesia History Essay Contest. ASA Monitor 2021; 85:23 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASM.0000751500.04577.e3 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll PublicationsASA Monitor Search Advanced Search Topics: awards and prizes, care of intensive care unit patient, internship and residency, leadership, oklahoma, schools, medical, spinal cord stimulators, students, medical In 1905, George Santayana famously said, “Those who do not study history are condemned to repeat it.” Beyond this rather narrow motivation, members of the Anesthesia History Association (AHA) would add that every anesthesiologist has an obligation to understand the history of the progress of anesthesia practice and technology as part of our claim to be “professionals.” One of the most accomplished and revered professionals in the history of anesthesiology was Dr. C. Ronald Stephen. Who was Dr. Stephen? One of the great pioneers of anesthesia history, Dr. Stephen's contributions are too numerous to list here, except to say that he was not only a foremost clinician, investigator, and tireless mentor, but also an early leader in the effort to preserve and teach the history of anesthesia. The AHA received its name in January 1983 after a group of... © 2021 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), All Rights Reserved.2021 You do not currently have access to this content.

Finnish early childhood education and care leaders’ perceptions of pedagogical leadership and assessment of the implementation of the National Core Curriculum in times of change

Finnish early childhood education and care (ECEC) experienced system-wide changes in legislation, curriculum, and teachers’ and centre leaders’ qualification requirements between 2013 and 2018. Through these changes, the Finnish ECEC follows the global trends shifting the focus of ECEC from care towards education. The data are leaders’ ( N = 41) written responses to three open-ended questions in a survey completed in 2018. The analytical framework draws on the models of educational change and human capital of pedagogical leadership. The framework directs focus on leaders’ understanding about and realisation of these new policies in their ECEC centres. Results indicate that leaders have the capacity to interpret and lead the curriculum process. However, to secure the coherence in and quality of ECEC, guidance that is more systematic and instruments (e.g. for development of pedagogy) that support the implementation of the curriculum and its assessment are needed.

Charting a path forward for clinical research in artificial intelligence and gastroenterology

Gastroenterology has been an early leader in bridging the gap between artificial intelligence (AI) model development and clinical trial validation, and in recent years we have seen the publication of several randomized clinical trials examining the role of AI in gastroenterology. As AI applications for clinical medicine advance rapidly, there is a clear need for guidance surrounding AI‐specific study design, evaluation, comparison, analysis and reporting of results. Several initiatives are in the publication or pre‐publication phase including AI‐specific amendments to minimum reporting guidelines for clinical trials, society task force initiatives aimed at priority use cases and research priorities, and minimum reporting guidelines that guide the reporting of clinical prediction models. In this paper, we examine applications of AI in clinical trials and discuss elements of newly published AI‐specific extensions to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials statements that guide clinical trial reporting and development. We then review AI applications at the pre‐trial level in both endoscopy and other subfields of gastroenterology and explore areas where further guidance is needed to supplement the current guidance available at the pre‐trial level.

LATE AND UNEQUAL: MEASURING ENROLMENTS AND RETENTION IN BRAZILIAN EDUCATION, 1933-2010

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a new dataset of enrolment rates and grade distribution ratios (GDR) in Brazil between 1933 and 2010, in addition to enrolment rates and GDR of Brazilian states from 1955 to 2010. To our knowledge, there are no previous estimates of enrolment rates by states for such a long period in Brazil. Enrolment rates and GDR in northern and north-eastern states were meagre and comparable to the lowest Latin American performers, and even the most advanced Brazilian states lagged behind the early leaders of the region, such as Argentina and Uruguay, until the turn of the century. Given a certain enrolment rate, Brazilian states were expected to present lower GDR compared to Latin American countries on average.

The Effect of Intra-Generational Differences on the Ego States of Millennial Leaders in Indian Software Industry

Each person has a favorite ego state which they exhibit the most, or prefer the most, depending on the situations they face and the people they interact with. People belonging to different generations react differently to different situations based on their states of ego. This paper has classified the millennial generation into Early millennial leaders (Y1) and Late millennial leaders (Y2) based on suitable findings from the literature. Further, this paper intends to explore whether Millennial generation leaders differ in ego states within their generation. The study is carried out in convenient sampling method by collecting responses from 489 Millennial leaders working in the Indian software industry. Ego State Questionnaire- Revised [ESQ-R] is utilized to survey the sample population and MANOVA is performed to assay the ego differences within the generation. It is found that the Early millennial leaders exhibited parent ego and adult ego states whereas the Late millennial leaders exhibited child ego state. Future studies can be conducted in multi-generational context and can include gender-specific research to probe whether ego states differ between males and females..

Windows of opportunity for catching up in formative clean-tech sectors and the rise of China in concentrated solar power

We analyse the potential for industry entry and catching up by latecomer countries or firms in formative sectors, by deriving a framework that builds on the concept of windows of opportunity for catching up. This framework highlights differences in technological, market, and institutional characteristics between formative and mature sectors, and elaborates how this may affect opportunities for catching up. We apply this framework to the global Concentrated Solar Power sector, in which China has rapidly narrowed the gap to the global forefront in terms of technological capabilities and market competitiveness. We find that the formative nature of the sector resulted in turbulent development of the technological, market, and institutional dimensions, making it more difficult for early leaders to retain leadership, and therefore easier for latecomer firms or countries to catch up. This signals an increased role in early-stage technology development in the next phase of the energy transition.

Revisiting the life of Lucy Garvin, first principal of Sydney Girls High School: expanded biography and use of digital sources

PurposeThe article sets out primarily to fill in some of the gaps in the biography of Lucy Arabella Stocks Garvin (1851–1938), first principal of Sydney Girls High School. As a reflexive exercise stimulated by this biographical research, the second aim is to explore the transformative work of digital sources on the researcher's research processes that in turn generate possibilities for expanded biographical studies in the history of education.Design/methodology/approachThis article encompasses two approaches: the first uses traditional historical methods in the digital sources to provide an expanded biography of Lucy Garvin. The second is a reflexive investigation of the effects of digitisation of sources on the historian's research processes.FindingsThe advent of digital technologies has opened up more evidence on the life of Lucy Garvin which enables a fuller account both within and beyond the school gate. Digital sources have helped to address important gaps in her life story that challenge current historiographical understandings about her: for example, regarding her initial travel to Australia; her previous career as a teacher in Australia and the circumstances of her appointment as principal; her private and family life; and her involvement in extra school activities. In the process of exploring Garvin's life, the researcher reflected on the work of digital sources and argues that such sources transform the research process by speeding up and de-situating the collection and selection of evidence, while at the same time expanding and slowing the scrutiny of evidence. The ever-expanding array of digital sources, despite its patchiness, can lead to finer grained expanded biographical studies while increasing the provisionality of historical accounts.Originality/valueThe article presents new biographical information about an important early female educational leader in Australia and discusses the impact of digital sources on archival and research processes in the history of women's education.

EMOSI POSITIF PEMIMPIN MELAYU DAHULU DALAM TEKS TRADISIONAL MELAYU

This research intends to identify the positive emotions of the early Malay leaders in the Malay traditional texts named Hikayat Raja Pasai (HRP), Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (HMM), and Hikayat Hang Tuah (HHT). The emotions of all the early Malay leaders were identifiable through the authors’ writings in each text. There are two theories to be combined and utilized in this research: Phenomenology of Feeling and Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis. The three aforementioned traditional texts were used as the main data sources in this research. A checklist based on utilized theories was administered and the data collection method used was an observation; then a checklist table was generated based on the used theories. The results show the positive emotions of the early Malay leaders as observable in the traditional texts. This research may lend valuable insights about the positive emotions of early Malay leaders in the traditional texts to future researchers. The implication of this study is as guidance to the Malay leaders at this time in dealing with emotions.