E7 Countries Research Articles

How Do Nuclear Energy, Geothermal Energy, Urbanization, and Minerals Depletion Affect Environmental Quality: New Insights From E7 Countries

ABSTRACTAchieving environmental sustainability is of utmost importance to economies worldwide, regardless of their level of development. As a result, most international economies have accepted several accords to deal with environmental issues on a global scale. Reducing reliance on fossil fuels has been broadly recognized as the pinnacle of environmental sustainability, even though various strategies are believed to address these challenges. In light of the above, this study employs data from 1990 to 2022 to examine the environmental effects of nuclear power, increased usage of renewable energy (REE) sources, urbanization (URB), mineral depletion, and financial globalization within the framework of E7 nations. This study employs a three‐stage least squares co‐integration method. For robustness, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares and Canonical Cointegrating Regression were employed. The results show that nuclear energy, REE, geothermal energy, financial globalization, and URB have negative and significant impacts on environmental stewardship. In contrast, mineral depletion had a significant and positive impact on environmental stewardship. These findings provide several policy recommendations for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, without compromising environmental quality. Consequently, it is advisable for these nations to integrate energy policy measures and provide consistency in energy strategy by aligning the fundamental aspects of global nuclear and geothermal energy to facilitate the achievement of the SDGs.

Comparative analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for E7 countries on the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth

Abstract Carrying out a responsible production that will minimize the negative effects of chemicals and wastes on human health and the environment has its place among the SDGs determined by the United Nations (SDGs-12: Responsible Production and Consumption). It is important to investigate the environmental strategies of the economies that lead to environmental pollution globally at highest level and to fulfil their responsibilities in the transition to sustainable economic growth. Using time series from 1965 to 2021, the primary goal of this study is to ascertain the direction and importance of the relationship between CO2 emissions and EG for the E7 countries. The most appropriate environment-income models for E7 countries have been tried to be selected based on the OLS estimation results of six model specifications derived from the general EKC model and the results of ARDL Bounds Test in which cointegration relationships between variables have been investigated. In this context, the CO2 emission-income relationship has been determined as ‘N’ for Türkiye and India, ‘U’ for China and inverted ‘N’ for Russia. It has been found out that an increasing linear form of CO2 emission-income relationship emerged for Brazil and Mexico, and the EKC hypothesis (inverted ‘U’ relationship) has been found to be valid only for Indonesia among the variables in question. As a result, it is understood from the analysis that it is not possible for E7 countries except for Indonesia to fulfil the commitments made in the Paris Agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

A new approach to analyze determinants of environmental quality: evidence from E7 countries by panel approaches

ABSTRACT Environmental degradation has escalated dramatically with increased production levels across all countries over recent decades, becoming a critical global issue. The deteriorating environment poses a significant threat, making studying environmental determinants a key focus for scholars. In this context, this research analyzes drivers of environmental quality in E7 countries. This study diverges from previous research that typically uses carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as proxy for ecological quality, by using data from 1990 to 2022 and applying panel data approaches. Instead, this research uses load capacity factor, which provides a more comprehensive measure through considering demand and supply sides of the environment together, while ecological footprint (EF) is used for the robustness. The results show that on environmental quality (i) income has a reducing impact; (ii) fossil energy has a declining effect; (iii) corruption has a decreasing impact; (iv) conversely, trade openness and foreign direct investments have a supporting impact; (v) the results are robust based on alternative environmental indicator and econometric approach. Consistent with the findings, a set of policy options, such as transforming income growth model into eco-friendly ones by benefitting from clean technologies, putting environmental legislations into effect, and providing interest-free loans, limiting the use of fossil fuel by applying a pollution tax structure to displace fossil fuel with clean sources as well as providing financial incentives or fiscal taxes exempt for clean sources, supporting further trade openness by enabling new free trade agreements, has been discussed for E7 countries.

The Economic Determinants of Agricultural Value Added: A Panel Data Analysis on E7 Countries

The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in economic growth, employment, and food security. Although E7 countries (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey) hold a significant share in global agricultural production, there is limited literature on the determinants of agricultural value added. This study aims to analyze the key economic factors affecting agricultural value added in E7 countries and assess the effectiveness of agricultural policies. The study covers the period 2001-2022 and employs the Panel ARDL method to examine long-term relationships. The findings indicate that the proportion of agricultural land and agricultural employment positively impact agricultural value added, whereas government expenditures may have a negative effect. Governments intervene in the agricultural sector through both direct and indirect measures. It can be suggested that direct income support policies for farmers may have the potential to increase dependency rather than enhance productivity. Although a detailed distinction regarding the implementation of direct payments during the analyzed period could not be made, the impact of government support is likely to vary depending on the type and implementation of the assistance provided. The results emphasize the need for more effective planning of agricultural support mechanisms. Redirecting public expenditures towards infrastructure investments, agricultural technology adoption, and rural development projects could enhance the sector’s long-term sustainability. Additionally, improving the transparency and measurability of support policies may increase their effectiveness and strengthen agricultural productivity. Policymakers should conduct a more detailed analysis of the effects of different support mechanisms to develop appropriate intervention strategies.

Developing pathways for modern and sustainable agriculture in emerging economies: investigating the impact of information and communication technology adoption on food security

This study examines the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) adoption on food security in emerging seven countries: namely China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Mexico, Brazil, and Turkey from 1995 to 2019. To obtain robust findings, we deploy several econometric approaches, including the Westerlund ECM co-integration test, PMG method, and D-H causality test. This research paper presents significant findings through the utilization of panel co-integration tests as the primary estimation techniques. The findings from the PMG method reveal that increases in usage of Mobile phone and Internet access significantly boost long-term food security by 0.092 and 0.036%, respectively. In addition, the findings from the Dumitrescy–Hurlin causal relationship test show a bidirectional causal relationship between Mobile phone use and food security but a unidirectional causality from Internet use to food security. Furthermore, the impact of ICT on food security is more prominent in the long run than in the short run. The current study’s conclusions have significant policy implications for the E7 countries. For example, the E7 countries should invest in ICT to gain future benefits. Authorities in the countries should develop and implement policies that encourage Mobile phone and Internet use in rural areas. Such a promotion will strengthen the farming system while also increasing sustainable food production.

Assessing the impact of financial development, eco-innovations on sustainable development: insights from industrial economies of E7

ABSTRACT Despite the global emphasis on sustainable development, existing research often overlooks how financial development, geopolitical stability, eco-innovations, and natural resource management interact to shape sustainable outcomes in emerging economies, especially the E7. This study addresses this gap by examining these factors’ complex impacts on sustainable development in the E7, where economic growth frequently conflicts with environmental and social goals. By integrating financial and geopolitical dimensions with ecological innovation and resource use, this study offers novel insights into sustainable development in rapidly industrializing economies. This study investigates the impact of financial development (FD), geopolitical risk (GPR), eco-innovations (EI), natural resources (NRR), and economic growth (GDP) on sustainable development (SD) in E7 countries. Using CIPS unit root tests, the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) model, and momentum quantile regression (MMQR), results confirm FD and EI positively impact SD in both the short and long term, aligning with SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). GPR, however, hinders SD, underscoring SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). NRR management reveals a mixed impact on SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). This study highlights the importance of eco-innovation and geopolitical stability in advancing economic, ecological, and social goals for sustainable development.

How Industrial Output, Economic Growth, Environmental Technology, and Globalization Impact Load Capacity Factor in E7 Nations

Today nations across the globe are striving to achieve sustainable development. Additionally, natural resources, industrial output, economic expansion, environmental technology, and the current globalization era are thought to be the key indicators that directly cause environmental deterioration. As a result, a more thorough evaluation of the state of the ecosystem is required. The current study examines the dynamic relationship between the load capacity factor for the E7 countries from 2000 to 2022 and globalization, industrial output, economic growth, environmental technologies, and natural resources. Furthermore, for reliable and effective results, the current study uses cointegration, long-run elasticity calculation, and second-generation panel unit root tests to validate the existence of cross-sectional dependency. The research revealed that while other possible causes like globalization and industrial output lead to greater environmental degradation, natural resources and environmental technologies significantly reduce environmental deterioration. Several policy recommendations are developed to combat and manage the environmental effects of the E7 based on these empirical findings.

Corruption Control as a Catalyst for Financial Development: A Global Comparative Study

This study investigates the impact of anti-corruption efforts on financial development across different economies, using G7 and E7 countries as comparative groups. Recognizing corruption as a barrier to economic growth, the research examines how effective corruption control can enhance the efficiency of the financial sector, foreign direct investment (FDI), and capital market development. The methodology includes panel cointegration tests—namely Pedroni, Kao, and Westerlund tests—alongside fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimations to assess the long-term relationships between corruption control and financial development. The findings reveal a statistically significant cointegration relationship, suggesting that anti-corruption measures positively influence financial development in both G7 and E7 countries, albeit more strongly in E7 economies. Specifically, the Westerlund test results, which take cross-sectional dependencies into account, reinforce the robustness of the findings. The study underscores the importance of tailoring anti-corruption policies to each country’s unique economic framework, highlighting that while G7 countries benefit from advanced institutional structures, E7 countries experience more pronounced effects of corruption control on financial development and FDI. These insights contribute to the policy discourse on sustainable economic development by emphasizing the role of governance quality in fostering robust financial systems and attracting international investment.

Examining the Relationship Between Climate Change, Energy Consumption, and the Financial System: The Case of E7 Countries

This study aims to investigate the correlation among climate change, energy consumption, and the financial system, using the E7 countries as a case study. The E7 comprises emerging economies including Brazil, China, India, Russia, Turkey, Indonesia, and Mexico, which are the primary focus of this research. The research delves into the factors impacting CO2 emissions over the long term, spanning from 1992 to 2020. Results reveal a positive correlation between economic growth and fossil fuel usage with CO2 emissions, while a negative correlation is identified between CO2 emissions and variables such as renewable energy consumption, temperature changes, and capital investments. The study underscores the significance of sustainability and environmental policies for the E7 nations. Recommendations include increasing investments in renewable energy sources, encouraging the adoption of carbon-neutral transportation technologies, and supporting initiatives for forest conservation and afforestation. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between climate change, energy consumption, and the financial system within E7 countries, offering policy recommendations for achieving sustainability.

How environmental patents, education, and energy transition impact greenhouse gases: evidence from E7 countries

Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) is crucial to achieving sustainable development and ensuring a prosperous and environmentally sound future. This study is motivated by the pressing need to address the environmental challenges faced by the E−7 economies—Brazil, India, Indonesia, Russia, Mexico, China, and Turkey—due to their rapid economic transitions and significant contributions to global GHG emissions. It investigates the long-term impact of environmental patents (ENP), financial development (FD), energy transition (ENT), and education (EDU) on GHG in the E−7 nations using second-generation econometric methods, including momentum quantile regression (MMQR), over the period 1990–2019. It also investigates the moderating effects of FD on ENT and EDU in influencing GHG emissions. The results reveal that ENT and ENP reduce GHG emissions across all quantiles, with ENT’s effect stronger at lower quantiles and ENP’s influence intensifying at higher quantiles. EDU shows a consistent positive impact on GHG across quantiles, reflecting its role in driving industrialization and energy demand, while FD reduces GHG emissions significantly at higher quantiles, supporting its role in green investments. Interaction terms indicate that FD enhances the impact of ENT in reducing GHG emissions but moderates EDU’s effect in a way that can either amplify or offset emissions depending on the context. The robustness analysis validates these findings, particularly for ENT and FD, and highlights EDU’s potential for emissions reduction under specific conditions. These findings emphasize the need for targeted policies that leverage ENT and ENP for emissions reduction, strategically direct FD toward sustainable investments, and manage the dual role of EDU in emissions dynamics. This study offers critical insights for policymakers in the E−7 nations to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability, contributing to global efforts to combat climate change.

Advancing economic sustainability in E7 economies: the impact of green finance, environmental benefits, and natural resource management

Green finance (GFN) plays a critical role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, serving as a key financial mechanism to promote green growth and economic sustainability (ESS). This paper explores how GFN, along with fintech (FNT), environmental benefits (ENB), urbanization (URB), and natural resource management (NRM), influences ESS in E7 countries from 2000 to 2022. While fintech’s rapid technological advancements offer significant economic potential, they also introduce increased complexity and systemic risks. Using rigorous methods such as method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) and Westerlund analysis, this study validates the relationships and heterogeneity among these variables through preliminary tests, including matrix correlation, cross-sectional dependence (CSD), slope heterogeneity (SH), and CIPS unit root tests. The findings indicate that GFN, ENB, and FNT positively contribute to ESS, while URB and NRM have an inverse relationship with ESS. These insights not only deepen our understanding of how ecological factors influence economic sustainability but also provide practical policy recommendations for E7 countries. The study’s conclusions offer valuable guidance for optimizing ESS and advancing toward sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Measuring trade facilitation for the emerging seven countries (E7) using multi-criteria decision-making methods

Countries provide opportunities for traders not only in imports but also in export performance by simplification and harmonization of documents in order to facilitate certain policy areas that have a tremendous impact on trade volumes. The OECD has established various indicators at different levels and compared countries to measure the trade facilitation between countries. This study aims to compare the procedures applied by the emerging seven countries (E7- Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, and Türkiye) using trade facilitation indicators (TFIs) and multi-criteria decision-making methods. We employ MEREC, WENSLO, ENTROPY, LOPCOW, CVM, CRITIC, ANGLE, and GINI methods to determine the weights of 11 TFIs identified by the OECD. The most suitable weighting method is established through multi-dimensional analysis. E7 countries are then evaluated using the MABAC and ARTASI methods, with a sensitivity analysis comparing results against 38 OECD member countries. In terms of performance across all TFIs, Russia ranks first (MABAC-0.253, ARTASI-1.821), Mexico second (MABAC-0.186, ARTASI-1.802), and Türkiye third (MABAC-0.117, ARTASI-1.731).

Unlocking trends in green bonds: Navigating opportunities and challenges for sustainable development in E7 countries

Unlocking trends in green bonds: Navigating opportunities and challenges for sustainable development in E7 countries

Environmental Performance and SDGs: How Do Income Disparity, Urbanization, Resource Consumption, and Female Employers Affect the Ecological Footprint in Emerging Economies?

ABSTRACTThe significance of environmental deterioration as a pressing issue has led to its prominence in global discussions on strategies for prevention. It can be asserted that there exists a universal agreement that the enhancement of environmental quality is imperative for the promotion of sustainable development and societal well‐being, especially in emerging economies. In this perspective, the present research uses panel data of the E7 economies from 1992 to 2021 to assess the effects of income disparity, urbanization, resources consumption (nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption), and women employers on ecological footprint. This study employs second‐generation empirical techniques such as CIPS and CADF unit root tests, Westerlund bootstrap cointegration, and DFE/MG/PMG‐ARDL models to check the relationships between the studied variables. The empirical findings of this study reveal that in the E7 countries, the ecological footprint is increased with an increased income disparity and nonrenewable energy consumption. On the other hand, urbanization, renewable energy consumption, and female employers help reduce the ecological footprint. Additionally, the results of the causality measure under the Dumitrescu and Hurlin test unveil bidirectional causality between all the independent variables except nonrenewable energy and ecological footprint. From the policy perspective, the selected countries must implement policies that promote equitable income distribution, planned urbanization to promote compact cities, efficient transportation systems, and green infrastructure, and provide opportunities for women to attain higher positions in organizations, particularly at the managerial and decision‐making levels in order to address the adverse environmental consequences in emerging economies.

Assessing sustainable development in E-7 countries: technology innovation, and energy consumption drivers of green growth and environment.

To combat climate change, a country needs to take part in the development of energy sources and the renovation of its energy infrastructure. Since, green energy production is frequently costly and dangerous, especially in its early stages, capital is one of the barriers to the energy revolution. The aims of the study to analyze the non-linear relationship between energy consumption, financial development, and technology innovation on green economic growth, and environmental pollution indicators including ecological footprint and carbon dioxide emission in the E-7 countries over the period of 1995 to 2022. Using a new panel non-linear autoregressive distribution model (NLPARDL) approach, the results confirm that carbon dioxide emissions, green economic growth, and ecological footprint have a positive and strong long-term correlation with the positive component of the energy use. Conversely, negative shocks are negative and significant with ecological footprint but positive and significant with carbon dioxide emissions and green economic growth. Furthermore, financial development has a positive and substantial relationship with ecological footprint in addition to having a long-term negative and large impact on carbon dioxide emissions and a negative but small impact on green economic growth in a positive shock. Similar to this, financial development negative shock coefficients are significant and negative over the long term when it comes to carbon dioxide emissions and green economic growth, and they are positively significant when it comes to ecological footprint negative component. In the meantime, the long-term positive shock of technology innovation has a negative significant correlation with ecological footprint, ecological footprint a positive and negligible correlation with green economic growth, and a positive and significant correlation with carbon dioxide emission. Similarly, technology innovation long-term negative shock coefficients for carbon dioxide emissions and green economic growth are both negative and significant; on the other hand, technology innovations long-term negative shock coefficients for the negative component of ecological footprint are positively significant. Based on the results, E-7 nations need to invest in projects that utilize energy and technology innovation to reduce environmental degradation and boost green economic growth, such as investing in energy projects and reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. The findings also suggest that to achieve the sustainable growth and environment, E7 countries must enhance the environment related technology innovations.

Carbon footprints, dynamic capabilities, and financial inclusion in G7 and E7 nations

Carbon footprints, dynamic capabilities, and financial inclusion in G7 and E7 nations

Do ICT and green technology matter in sustainable development goals?

AbstractThe desire for development in developed and developing countries has caused difficulties in realizing environmental goals. For this reason, initiatives such as Sustainable Development Goals have been taken to balance economic growth and environmental goals. Recent research from a sustainable development perspective has shown that skilled human capital, green technology, and ICT play an essential role in the sustainable management of natural resources. In this context, the present study aims to reveal the impact of natural resource rent, economic complexity, human development, green technological innovation, and ICT on ecological footprint. It also focuses on the moderating role of green technological innovation and ICT in the relationship between natural resource rent and ecological footprint. The findings show that natural resources and ICT are the causes of environmental degradation in G7 countries, whereas economic complexity, human development, and green technological innovation improve environmental quality. It has also been discovered that ICT and green technological innovation have a moderating role in the natural resources of G7 countries. In E7 countries, natural resource rent and economic complexity increase environmental degradation, whereas human development, ICT, and green technological innovation contribute to environmental quality. Causality findings are similar in both country groups. The findings show that synergies between SDG‐4 and SDG‐13 in G7 and E7 countries can help achieve climate action sustainably and effectively. Moreover, achieving SDG 13 in E7 countries requires interactive policies to achieve SDG‐12 and SDG‐17. Achieving SDG‐8 and SDG‐17 targets in G7 countries can contribute to combating climate change.

Towards sustainable development: Examining renewable energy consumption in E−7 countries

Towards sustainable development: Examining renewable energy consumption in E−7 countries

The nexus between technological innovation, human capital and energy efficiency: Evidence from E7 countries

The nexus between technological innovation, human capital and energy efficiency: Evidence from E7 countries

Analyzing nonlinear and asymmetric effects of green finance and renewable energy on energy efficiency amidst technological innovation in E7 countries

The study aims to explore the relationship between green funding, green energy, and energy efficiency in E7 countries, guided by the SDG-7 guidelines recommended by the United Nations General Assembly. Methodologically, the study employs the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) techniques on data collected between 1988 and 2022. The rationale for this approach lies in its ability to capture both short-term and long-term dynamics in the relationship between green funding, green energy, and energy efficiency. Analysis of the data reveals varying stages of green funding growth among E7 countries, with China (1.52), Brazil (1.44), India (1.35), Indonesia (1.94), Mexico (1.73), and Russia (1.93) exhibiting different levels of progress. Russia and Turkey are identified as having the highest Gini coefficients in 2019, indicating disparities in green funding distribution within these countries. The empirical findings underscore the critical role of investment in the energy sector by both corporations and the public sector to enhance access to electricity, bolster energy security, and foster environmentally sustainable economic development. However, the study identifies insufficient investment as a fundamental obstacle hindering progress in green energy efficiency in E7 nations. Despite the potential for implementing energy efficiency measures and renewable energy sources in E7 countries, the future remains uncertain due to existing obstacles in green financing and regulatory frameworks. Consequently, the paper emphasizes the imperative of addressing these obstacles to unlock the full funding potential for energy efficiency initiatives in E7 nations.